Copper Clusters Containing Hydrides in Trigonal Pyramidal Geometry

International audienceStructurally precise copper hydrides [CuH{SP(OPr)}(C≡CR)], R = Ph (1), CHF (2), and CHOMe (3), were first synthesized from the polyhydrido copper cluster [CuH{SP(OPr)}] with nine equivalents of terminal alkynes. Later, their isolated yields were significantly improved by direct synthesis from [Cu(CHCN)](PF), [NH][SP(OPr)], NaBH, and alkynes along with NEt in THF. 1, 2, and 3 were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI-MS, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. All three clustershave 11 copper atoms, adopting 3,3,4,4,4-pentacapped trigonal prismatic geometry, with two hydrides inside the Cu cage, the position of which was ascertained by a single-crystal neutron diffraction structure of cluster 1 co-crystallized with a [Cu(H){SP(OPr)}] (4) cluster. Six dithiophosphate and three alkynyl ligands stabilize the CuH core in which the two hydrides adopt a trigonal pyramidal coordination mode. This coordination mode is so far unprecedented for hydride. The H NMR resonance frequency of the two hydrides appears at 4.8 ppm, a value further confirmed by H NMR spectroscopy for their deuteride derivatives [Cu(D){SP(OPr)}(C≡CR)]. A DFT investigation allows understanding the bonding within this new type of copper(I) hydrides

Distinct Roles of Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl in the Apoptosis of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Differentiation

Background: Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be maintained over extended periods of time before activation and differentiation. Little is known about the programs that sustain the survival of these cells. Principal Findings: Undifferentiated adult human MSCs (hMSCs) did not undergo apoptosis in response to different cell death inducers. Conversely, the same inducers can readily induce apoptosis when hMSCs are engaged in the early stages of differentiation. The survival of undifferentiated cells is linked to the expression of Bcl-Xl and Bcl-2 in completely opposite ways. Bcl-Xl is expressed at similar levels in undifferentiated and differentiated hMSCs while Bcl-2 is expressed only in differentiated cells. In undifferentiated hMSCs, the down-regulation of Bcl-Xl is associated with an increased sensitivity to apoptosis while the ectopic expression of Bcl-2 induced apoptosis. This apoptosis is linked to the presence of cytoplasmic Nur 77 in undifferentiated hMSCs. Significance: In hMSCs, the expression of Bcl-2 depends on cellular differentiation and can be either pro- or anti-apoptotic. Bcl-Xl, on the other hand, exhibits an anti-apoptotic activity under all conditions

Brexucabtagene autoleucel in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma, intention-to-treat use in the DESCAR-T registry

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Le territoire de Warcq à l’époque romaine : résultats de six fouilles préventives (2012-2017) menées dans la partie nord du département des Ardennes, près de Charleville-Mézières

International audienceOver the past few years, archaeological research has benefited from the systematic surveillance of numerous development projects in the municipality of Warcq (08), which have provided an unprecedented vision of land use. Five rescue excavations, all focusing on Roman remains, have been organized since 2012, improving the scope of our analysis while providing both very specific and varied data, for instance on site morphology. Situated on fertile soils near the Meus, a few kilometres away from the urbanised Roman sites found within the limits of the towns of Charleville-Mézières and Ville-Sur-Lumes, this portion of the Ardennes is today the most well-documented archaeological area within a radius of several dozen kilometres.Depuis quelques années, la recherche archéologique a bénéficié du suivi systématique, effectué sous la forme de diagnostics, des nombreux projets d’aménagements qui intéressent la commune de Warcq (08), nous fournissant une vision de l’occupation du sol jusqu’alors insoupçonnée. Six fouilles préventives y ont été entreprises depuis 2012, toutes centrées sur des vestiges antiques, nous permettant d’agrandir notre échelle d’analyse tout en fournissant des données très précises et variées, par exemple sur la morphologie des occupations. Située sur des terrains fertiles près de la Meuse, à quelques kilomètres d’agglomérations antiques identifiées sur les communes de Charleville-Mézières et de Ville-sur-Lumes, cette portion du territoire ardennais est aujourd’hui la mieux documentée par l’archéologie préventive dans un périmètre de plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres

Implications of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma Rs) in mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies

National audienceFrom several years ago, recombinant monoclonal antibodies have allowed a revolution in therapeutic approach of cancer patients. Whereas the clinical efficacy of many antibodies is now demonstrated, their mechanism of action in patients remains elusive. For antibodies targeting membrane antigens, they particularly resort to cytotoxic effectors, which expressed receptors for Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma Rs). This review analyses different functions depending of Fc gamma R and their potential role in mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies. A better knowledge of these functions should allow in the next future the optimisation of these treatments. triangl

Premiers résultats de l’enquête « Les personnels de la recherche face au changement climatique »

Cette enquête nationale par questionnaire en ligne vise à comprendre les pratiques et représentations dans le monde de la recherche concernant le changement climatique. Pour cela, elle se focalise principalement sur la dimension professionnelle, mais porte également sur des aspects plus personnels, qui sont essentiels à la compréhension globale des phénomènes étudiés. L’enquête a été conduite de fin juin à début décembre 2020 auprès de plus de 6000 répondant·es, tiré·es au sort parmi l’ensemble des personnels affiliés à une unité du CNRS, tous statuts et disciplines confondus. Elle couvre donc une très large part des personnels de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche en France, incluant non seulement les salarié·es du CNRS mais aussi la plupart des enseignant·es-chercheur·es et doctorant·es des universités et grandes écoles. Ces pages offrent une présentation synthétique du questionnaire et des objectifs de l’enquête ainsi que de premiers résultats

Concerned yet polluting: A survey on French research personnel and climate change

International audienceWe present a survey of the French research community and climate change carried out in 2020. It is one of the largest surveys ever conducted on this issue: it is based on a sample of more than 6,000 respondents representative of the French public sector research community, regardless of their status and discipline. On the one hand, it measures practices that emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as air travel, and addresses the differences between disciplines and within them according to different individual characteristics (gender, status, location, etc.). On the other hand, it questions the representations of research actors concerning the climate emergency, and what they are willing to do to reduce their emissions. The survey highlights three results: first, an acute awareness of environmental and climate issues widely shared by members of the scientific community; second, a willingness to implement changes; and third, a clear gap between these attitudes and practices that still emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. This raises the question of the role of research institutions, whose support is required to implement profound reforms in the organization of research activities

Les personnels de la recherche face au changement climatique

Cette enquête vise à comprendre les pratiques et représentations dans le monde de la recherche concernant le changement climatique. Pour cela, elle se focalise principalement sur la dimension professionnelle, mais porte également sur des aspects plus personnels, qui sont essentiels à la compréhension globale des phénomène étudiés. Le questionnaire comporte quatre axes principaux : 1. Mesurer les pratiques fortement émettrices de gaz à effet de serre, au niveau individuel mais aussi collectif (transports, matériels et consommations énergétiques essentiellement) : comprendre leurs contextes et déterminants, différencier les usages selon leurs motifs et l’intérêt qu’en retirent les répondants, et identifier les changements de pratiques déjà réalisés pour des raisons environnementales. 2. Explorer des solutions et leur acceptabilité : recueillir les opinions des personnels sur les transformations à introduire dans le monde de la recherche pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, soit en se prononçant sur les propositions réglementaires et d’organisation soit en pointant les marges de réductions à l’échelle individuelle. 3. Recueillir la perception des personnels par rapport aux enjeux environnementaux, au changement climatique et à l'écologie en général, identifier d’éventuels engagements professionnels ou personnels dans l’écologie, et évaluer la connaissance des émissions de gaz à effet de serre liées aux pratiques professionnelles. 4. Évaluer la situation professionnelle et personnelle des répondants : identifier la position des répondants dans le champ scientifique et dans la carrière (discipline, statut, publications, financements, internationalisation), identifier la position sociale des répondants et de leur ménage. Le jeu de données est disponible dans data.sciencespo, l'entrepôt de données de la recherche de Sciences Po : https://doi.org/10.21410/7E4/T3YYM

Concerned yet polluters: A survey on French research personnel and climate change

We present a survey on the French research community and climate change carried out in 2020. It is one of the largest surveys ever conducted on this issue: it is based on a sample of more than 6,000 respondents representative of the French public sector research community, regardless of their status and discipline. On the one hand, it measures practices that emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as air travel, and addresses the differences between disciplines and within them according to different individual characteristics (gender, status, location, etc.). On the other hand, it questions the representations of research actors concerning the climate emergency, and what they are willing to do to reduce their emissions. The survey highlights three results: first, an acute awareness of environmental and climate issues widely shared by members of the scientific community; second, a willingness to implement changes; and third, a clear gap between these attitudes and practices that still emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. This raises the question of the role of research institutions, whose support is required to implement profound reforms in the organization of research activities