Las nuevas enfermedades y la contaminación química.

Hace varios años, un grupo de prestigiosos científicos, entre los que se contaban varios galardonados con el Premio Nobel, suscribieron el Llamamiento de París, en el que advertían de que la contaminación química está produciendo una pandemia silenciosa, que contribuye, entre otras cosas, al crecimiento del cáncer, de la infertilidad y de problemas en el sistema hormonal o en el aparato respiratorio o nervioso. En el mismo sentido se han expresado otros manifiestos científicos como la Declaración de Praga, esta última centrada en las alteraciones endocrinas. El hombre ha creado más de 100.000 sustancias químicas sintéticas que no estaban presentes en la naturaleza, y sólo una mínima parte de ellas ha sido debidamente evaluada en cuanto a sus posibles riesgos para la salud humana y el medio ambiente.Peer Reviewe

Health impact assessment of air pollution in Valladolid, Spain

Producción CientíficaTo estimate the attributable and targeted avoidable deaths (ADs; TADs) of outdoor air pollution by ambient particulate matter (PM10), PM2.5 and O3 according to specific WHO methodology. Design: Health impact assessment. Setting: City of Valladolid, Spain (around 300 000 residents). Data sources: Demographics; mortality; pollutant concentrations collected 1999–2008. Main outcome measures: Attributable fractions; ADs and TADs per year for 1999–2008. Results: Higher TADs estimates (shown here) were obtained when assuming as ‘target’ concentrations WHO Air Quality Guidelines instead of Directive 2008/50/EC. ADs are considered relative to pollutant background levels. All-cause mortality associated to PM10 (all ages): 52 ADs (95%CI 39 to 64); 31 TADs (95%CI 24 to 39). All-cause mortality associated to PM10 (<5 years): 0 ADs (95% CI 0 to 1); 0 TADs (95% CI 0 to 1). All-cause mortality associated to PM2.5 (>30 years): 326 ADs (95% CI 217 to 422); 231 TADs (95% CI 153 to 301). Cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality associated to PM2.5 (>30 years): ▸ Cardiopulmonary: 186 ADs (95% CI 74 to 280); 94 TADs (95% CI 36 to 148). ▸ Lung cancer : 51 ADs (95% CI 21 to 73); 27 TADs (95% CI 10 to 41).All-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality associated to O3 (all ages): ▸ All-cause: 52ADs (95% CI 25 to 77) ; 31 TADs (95% CI 15 to 45). ▸ Respiratory: 5ADs (95% CI −2 to 13) ; 3 TADs (95% CI −1 to 8). ▸ Cardiovascular: 30 ADs (95% CI 8 to 51) ; 17 TADs (95% CI 5 to 30). Negative estimates which should be read as zero were obtained when pollutant concentrations were below counterfactuals or assumed risk coefficients were below one. Conclusions: Our estimates suggest a not negligible negative impact on mortality of outdoor air pollution. The implementation of WHO methodology provides critical information to distinguish an improvement range in air pollution control. INTRODUCTION Numerous epidemiological studies conducte

Las nuevas enfermedades y la contaminación química

Peer reviewe

Data from: Health impact assessment of air pollution in Valladolid, Spain

Objective: to estimate the attributable and targeted avoidable deaths of outdoor air pollution by ambient PM10, PM2.5 and O3 according to specific WHO methodology. Design: health impact assessment. Setting:City of Valladolid, Spain (around 300.000 residents). Data sources: demographics; mortality; pollutant concentrations collected 1999-2008. Main outcome measures: attributable fractions (AFs); attributable and targeted avoidable deaths (ADs; TADs) per year for 1999 – 2008. Results: Higher TADs estimates (shown here) were obtained when assuming as “target” concentrations WHO Air Quality Guidelines instead of Directive 2008/50/EC. ADs are considered relative to pollutant background levels. All-causemortality associated to PM10 (all ages): 52 ADs (95% CI: 39-64); 31 TADs (95% CI: 24 – 39). All-causemortality associated to PM10 ( 30 years): 326 ADs (95% CI: 217-422); 231 TADs (95% CI: 153 - 301). Cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality associated to PM2.5 (>30 years): o Cardiopulmonary: 186 ADs (95% CI: 74-280) ; 94 TADs (95% CI: 36 – 148). o Lung cancer : 51 ADs (95% CI: 21-73); 27 TADs (95% CI: 10 – 41). All-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality associated to O3(all ages): o All-cause: 52ADs (95% CI: 25-77) ; 31 TADs (95% CI: 15 – 45). o Respiratory : 5 ADs (95% CI : -2 – 13) ; 3 TADs (95%% CI : -1 – 8). o Cardiovascular: 30 ADs (95% CI: 8-51) ; 17 TADs (95% CI: 5 – 30). Negative estimates which should be read as zero were obtained when pollutant concentrations were below counterfactuals or assumed risk coefficients were below 1. Conclusions: Our estimates suggest a not negligible negative impact on mortality of outdoor air pollution. The implementation of WHO methodology provides critical information to distinguish an improvement range in air pollution control

Aggregate data_BMJ Open_Health impact assessment of air pollution in Valladolid_Spain

Aggregate data_BMJ Open_Health impact assessment of air pollution in Valladolid_Spai

COVID-19, Travel Companion: The Spanish Experience on Cruise Ships

Spain is a country with an important flow of cruises in Europe. Since the restarting of cruise activity, 1,106 events with 12,134 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported from 21 ports. 72.3% of cases and 73.7% of events were registered in the Balearic Islands, Barcelona, Tenerife and Las Palmas, ports with the highest number of layovers and passengers. The events reported increased from October 2021, with a peak in January and April 2022. The cases raised later, in December 2021 with two peaks in January and April and a substantial increase in June 2022. The peak of January coincides with the peak of COVID-19 cases registered in Spain and Europe. The increases in April and June 2022 coincides with the Easter period and the beginning of summer holidays