Phytoprostanes determination in almonds depending on the cultivar and growing conditions (conventional versus ecological)

[SPA] En el año 2000, se descubrieron unos compuestos denominados fitoprostanos obtenidos por la oxidación no enzimática del ácido α- linolénico. Las almendras contienen un alto contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados siendo el ácido α- linolénico uno de los más importantes para la salud. En este trabajo se propone la cuantificación de fitoprostanos en almendras y averiguar si éstos están influidos por el tipo de variedad y condiciones de cultivo (convencional frente a ecológico). Como resultado, mencionar que se encontraron 7 tipos de fitoprostanos aunque no todas las variedades los presentaban. El fitoprostano 9–F1t-Phytop fue el más abundante, aunque también se obtuvieron otros fitoprostanos en menor concentración tipo 9-epi-9E1t-PhytoP, 9-E1t-PhytoP, 16-B1-phytoP y 9-L1-PhytoP. Se obtuvo una influencia en función del tipo cultivo siendo “Marcona” y “Largueta” las variedades que presentaron mayor contenido de fitoprostanos en cultivo convencional. Sin embargo, las variedades, Planeta”, “Colorada”, “Atocha”, “Garriges” y “Avellanera”, mostraron una mayor concentración en cultivo ecológico. [ENG] In 2000, compounds named Phytoprostanes (phytoP) generated by non-enzymatic oxidation of α-linolenic acid were discovered. Almonds kernels have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids being the α-linolenic acid, one of the most important fatty acids for human health. In this work the PhytoP quantification in almonds is proposed and it is studied the cultivar and growing conditions (conventional versus ecological). Results showed the existence of seven types of PhytoP although not all cultivars contained all of them. 9-F1t-PhytoP was the most abundant, although others PhytoPs were also obtained in lower concentrations as type 9-epi-9E1t-PhytoP, 9-E1t-PhytoP, 16-B1-phytoP and 9-L1-PhytoP. A cultivar influence combined with growing conditions was found. ‘Marcona’ and ‘Largueta’ cultivars, under conditional conditions, showed the higher total PhytoPs content. In contrast, ‘Planeta’, ‘Colorada’, ‘Atocha’, ’Garriges’ and ‘Avellanera’ cultivars showed a greater concentration under ecological conditions.Se agradece al Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal de la UPCT y al CEBAS-CSIC la utilización de algunos equipos. Queremos destacar la colaboración desinteresada de la Cooperativa COATO (Totana, Murcia) por su aportación varietal

Mapeo varietal de fitoprostanos en almendras: identificación y cuantificación

Recientemente, algunos investigadores han estudiado la relación existente entre el estrés oxidativo y el contenido de determinados compuestos presentes en las plantas denominados fitoprostanos. Las almendras tienen un contenido elevado de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados siendo el mayoritario el ácido α‐ linolénico. En 1998, se descubrió que los fitoprostanos se generan a partir del ácido α‐ linolénico en una vía no enzimática, iniciada por una mayor formación de radicales libres. En este trabajo se propone la identificación y la cuantificación de fitoprostanos presentes en almendras averiguando si la variedad influye en el contenido de los mismos. Como resultado se obtuvo que en las cinco variedades de almendra estudiadas, el fitoprostano 9–F1t‐fitoprostano fue el más abundante aunque también se obtuvieron otros fitoprostanos en menor concentración tipo 9‐epi‐9E1t‐fitoprostano, 9‐E1tfitoprostano, 16‐B1‐fitoprostano y 9‐L1‐fitoprostano. Además, la concentración de fitoprostanos se vio afectada por la variedad siendo “Ramillete” la que presentó niveles más elevados

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Gamificación en Iberoamérica. Experiencias desde la comunicación y la educación

La presente obra capitular es el resultado de las investigaciones sobre las aplicaciones de la gamificación en contextos múltiples, emergentes provenientes de las comunicaciones presentadas en el Simposio 06 del III Congreso Internacional Comunicación y Pensamiento (Sevilla, España), así como de aquellas presentadas por los miembros del Gamelab UPS, del Proyecto I+D+i Coordinado “Competencias mediáticas de la ciudadanía en medios digitales emergentes (smartphones y tablets): Prácticas innovadoras y estrategias educomunicativas en contextos múltiples” (EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R) (MINECO/FEDER), de la “Red de Educación Mediática” del Programa Estatal de Investigación Científica-Técnica de Excelencia, Subprograma Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento (EDU2016-81772-REDT), financiados por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España. En este sentido se busca construir, desde una mirada dual desde Europa y América Latina el primer libro iberoamericano de gamificación, avalado por el Gamelab de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), el Proyecto I+D+i EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R, la Red Interuniversitaria Euroamericana de Investigación sobre Competencias Mediáticas para la Ciudadanía (Alfamed), el Laboratorio de Estudios en Comunicación (Ladecom) y el Grupo de Investigación Ágora (PAI-HUM-648) de la Universidad de Huelva (España) y el Grupo de Investigación Estructura, Historia y Contenidos de la Comunicación GREHCCO

Impact of packaging atmosphere, storage and processing conditions on the generation of phytoprostanes as quality processing compounds in almond kernels

International audienceThe thermal processing of almond kernels implies the use of techniques that produce chemical changes such as oxidation. Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) are considered biomarkers of the oxidative stress in plants. We studied the PhytoP profile in kernels of almond cultivars under different conditions, in relation to packaging, temperature and time of storage and processing. The most abundant PhytoP was the F1t series. The PhytoP levels increased significantly with the time of storage (3 and 6months) and the total PhytoP concentration was higher under air than in a vacuum packaging atmosphere. Storage at 24°C raised the concentrations of individual PhytoPs and the total sum of PhytoPs. The frying and roasting processes led to a strong reduction of the original concentration of most PhytoPs and promoted the synthesis of specific PhytoPs that were not detected in raw kernels and thus could be biomarkers of the degree of oxidative degradation of almonds

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective