Efectos del apego seguro y el riesgo psicosocial en los problemas infantiles interiorizados y exteriorizados

El apego seguro al cuidador principal es un promotor del desarrollo. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar el papel moderador y/o mediador del apego dentro de un modelo de relaciones entre el contexto psicosocial de los niños y su ajuste psicológico. La muestra estaba compuesta por dos grupos equivalentes: uno de riesgo psicosocial procedente de un centro tutelado de menores de la Comunidad de Madrid (n=30; 60% varones) y otro grupo de niños provenientes de un entorno familiar normativo (n=30; 58% varones). La edad media en ambos grupos fue de 5.45 años. Nuestros resultados sugieren el papel del apego como un potencial mecanismo explicativo de las relaciones entre riesgo psicosocial y problemas de ajuste en los niños. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos resultadosThe secure attachment to the main caretaker is a promoter of the children´s development. The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating and moderating effects of the secure attachment between the psychosocial risk and the children´s psychological adjustment. The sample was composed of two matched groups: a social risk group from a foster care center in Madrid (n=30; 60% boys); and a non-social risk group (n=30; 58% males) from the general population. The average age of children was 5.45 years.Our results suggest the secure attachment role as a potential explicative mechanism of relations between the social risk context and the children´s psychological adjustment. Theoretical and practical implications are discusse

Dimensionalidad y propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego

The Children Attachment Interview (EAN) is a new instrument based on story telling reports. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and basic psychometric properties of the EAN through exploratory factor analyses based on a sample of 115 Spanish children aged 8 to 13 years (63 % boys). Another two matched samples from the risk social population and clinical population were compared with the main sample in order to obtain criterial validity. Findings reveal a multi-internal structure composed of four factors that refer to children´s reactions (positive, trustful, negative and mistrustful) and five factors that refer to child-attachment figure interactions (empathic, trustful, positive, rivalry and pro-arousal). Scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. The comparison of scales between general and criterial groups, and correlations with related constructs indicate good construct validity.ResumenLa Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) es un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego basado en un procedimiento de completar historias. El objetivo principal de este estudio se basa en el análisis de la estructura y las propiedades psicométricas del EAN a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios sobre una muestra constituida por 115 niños y niñas españoles de entre 8 y 13 años (63 % niños). Otras dos muestras procedentes de una población en situación de riesgo psicosocial y de una población clínica fueron comparadas con la muestra principal con el fin de obtener evidencias de validez criterial. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una estructura interna compuesta de 4 factores que se refieren a reacciones del niño (positiva, confiada, negativa y desconfiada) y cinco factores referidos a interacciones niño-figura de apego (empática, confiada, positiva, negativa y desconfiada). Las escalas han demostrada una adecuada consistencia interna. La comparación de las escalas entre el grupo general y los grupos criteriales, y las correlaciones con los constructos relacionados indicaron una buena validez de constructo.AbstractThe Children Attachment Interview (EAN) is a new instrument based on story telling reports. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and basic psychometric properties of the EAN through exploratory factor analyses based on a sample of 115 Spanish children aged 8 to 13 years (63 % boys). Another two matched samples from the risk social population and clinical population were compared with the main sample in order to obtain criterial validity. Findings reveal a multi-internal structure composed of four factors that refer to children´s reactions (positive, trustful, negative and mistrustful) and five factors that refer to child-attachment figure interactions (empathic, trustful, positive, rivalry and pro-arousal). Scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. The comparison of scales between general and criterial groups, and correlations with related constructs indicate good construct validity.

Succession of the gut microbiota in the cockroach Blattella germanica

The cockroach gut harbors a wide variety of microorganisms that, among other functions, collaborate in digestion and act as a barrier against pathogen colonization. Blattabacterium, a primary endosymbiont, lives in the fat body inside bacteriocytes and plays an important role in nitrogen recycling. Little is known about the mode of acquisition of gut bacteria or their ecological succession throughout the insect life cycle. Here we report on the bacterial taxa isolated from different developmental instars of the cockroach Blattella germanica. The bacterial load in the gut increased two orders of magnitude from the first to the second nymphal stage, coinciding with the incorporation of the majority of bacterial taxa, but remained similar thereafter.  Pyrosequencing of the hypervariable regions V1–V3 of the 16S rRNA genes showed that the microbial composition differed significantly between adults and nymphs. Specifically, a succession was observed in which Fusobacterium accumulated with aging, while Bacteroides decreased. Blattabacterium was the only symbiont found in the ootheca, which makes the vertical transmission of gut bacteria an unlikely mode of acquisition. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed a rich bacterial biofilm in third instar nymphs, while filamentous structures were found exclusively in adults. [Int Microbiol 2014; 17(2):99-109]Keywords: Blattella germanica · cockroach gut microbiota · 16S rRNA gene · endosymbionts · ecological successio

Legislative evolution of attention to diversity in Spain

Este trabajo muestra al lector una reflexión sobre la evolución legislativa de la atención a la diversidad en España a lo largo de los años. Para ello, he tomado como referencia el centro escolar CEIP Jesús García García. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la evolución del colegio respecto a la atención a la diversidad, teniendo en cuenta los cambios legislativos que han ido marcando cada época. Se trata de un estudio comparativo de la legislación así como la influencia de esta en el sistema educativo.The present work shows the reader a reflection on the legislative evolution of the attention to diversity in Spain over the years, taking as a reference the CEIP. Jesús García García. The objective of this work is to show the evolution of the Centre with regard to the attention to diversity taking into account the legislative changes which have been marking each period or time. It is a comparative study of legislation and this influence in the education system

Turning Garlic into a Modern Crop: State of the Art and Perspectives

Garlic is cultivated worldwide for the value of its bulbs, but its cultivation is challenged by the infertility of commercial cultivars and the accumulation of pathogens over time, which occurs as a consequence of vegetative (clonal) propagation. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of garlic genetics and genomics, highlighting recent developments that will lead to its development as a modern crop, including the restoration of sexual reproduction in some garlic strains. The set of tools available to the breeder currently includes a chromosome-scale assembly of the garlic genome and multiple transcriptome assemblies that are furthering our understanding of the molecular processes underlying important traits like the infertility, the induction of flowering and bulbing, the organoleptic properties and resistance to various pathogens

Perfil de Usuarios de Una Clínica Universitaria Durante El Estado de Alarma Sanitaria COVID 19

This study aims to analyze the profile of users in an university clinic (SPA-UNED) during the first COVID-19 19 health alarm. The sample was composed of 124 participants (70.4% women) with an average age of 41.49 years and four instruments were used: Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE-28) and the Scale Connor-Davidson Resilience (CD-RISC). The results showed a sociodemographic profile formed mainly by single Spanish women from the service sector. Consistent with the reasons for consultation, participants predominantly showed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization, poor use of coping strategies, and low levels of resilience. These variables may be a possible risk profile in the clinical population that outlines a vulnerable group for which psychological prevention and intervention measures are requiredEl presente estudio pretende analizar el perfil de los usuarios atendidos por el dispositivo especial de atención psicológica en línea habilitado por el Servicio de Psicología Aplicada (SPA) durante el primer período de alerta sanitaria COVID-19. La muestra, compuesta por 124 participantes (70.4% mujeres) con una edad promedio de 41.49 años cumplimentó las versiones abreviadas del Listado de síntomas SA-45, la medida de resultados clínicos CORE-OM, el Inventario de afrontamiento COPE-28 y la Escala de resiliencia de Connor-Davidson. Los resultados mostraron un perfil sociodemográfico formado mayoritariamente por mujeres estudiantes o del sector servicios, solteras y de nacionalidad española, con problemas previos de salud mental. Congruentemente con los motivos de consulta, mostraron predominantemente sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad y somatización, un deficiente uso de estrategias de afrontamiento y bajos niveles de resilencia. De las variables mencionadas puede extraerse un posible perfil de riesgo en población clínica que perfila un grupo vulnerable sobre el que se precisan medidas de prevención e intervención psicológicas

Entrevista de apego para niños (EAN): Estudio exploratorio de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego en población infantil de 3 a 7 años

This study analizes the psychometric properties of a new instrument about the working model of children´s attachment. The sample was composed of 60 subjects (30 from normal  population and 30 from a social risk population). The age of children ranges from 3 to 7 years old. This instrument is an interview based on the completion story task, however it includes new contents as well as a new procedure in regarding to previous attachment measures. The findings show good validity and reliability. The found results are going to be the beginning of future studies.ResumenEl presente artículo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación de los modelos de representación deapego en niños. La muestra está constituida por un total de 60 sujetos de entre 3 y 7 años, 30 procedentes de población normativa y 30 de una población de riesgo psicosocial. El instrumento se administra con un formato de entrevista basado en la técnica del completamiento de historias pero incluye, respecto a instrumentos previos, elementos novedosos tanto en los contenidos que evalúa como en su metodología. Los resultados preliminares de esta medida indican índices adecuados de validez y fiabilidad, lo que supone un punto de partida prometedor y relevante para futuras investigaciones. Abstract This study analizes the psychometric properties of a new instrument about the working model of children´s attachment. The sample was composed of 60 subjects (30 from normal  population and 30 from a social risk population). The age of children ranges from 3 to 7 years old. This instrument is an interview based on the completion story task, however it includes new contents as well as a new procedure in regarding to previous attachment measures. The findings show good validity and reliability. The found results are going to be the beginning of future studies

Validación Transcultural de la Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) en Población Infantil Mexicana

El apego es el primer organizador de la personalidad. Un apego seguro se relaciona con un desarrollo adecuado y una buena salud mental, mientras que un apego inseguro puede expresarse como un retraimiento en la relación con los demás, una afectación al desarrollo, emociones confusas y rechazo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar la validación transcultural de la Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) (Sierra, Carrasco y Moya, 2018) en niños mexicanos. La EAN evalúa el modelo de representación de apego en niños de 3 a 12 años mediante la estrategia de completamiento de historias, enmarcada en una aproximación contextualizada y dimensional. La EAN presenta una estructura interna y multidimensional compuesta por 4 factores referidos a la reacción positiva y negativa del niño (Reacción Positiva del Niño, Reacción Confiada del Niño, Reacción Negativa del Niño y Reacción Desconfiada del Niño) y 5 factores relacionados con la interacción entre el niño y su figura de apego (Interacción Empática, Interacción Confiada, Interacción Positiva, Interacción Negativa e Interacción Desconfiada). Participaron en el estudio 124 niños y niñas españoles y 95 mexicanos, todos de entre 3 y 12 años y procedentes de población normativa y de contextos en situación de riesgo psicosocial. El riesgo psicosocial puede definirse como aquellos entornos o contextos de desarrollo en los que, por sus características estructurales o funcionales, son potencialmente capaces de influir negativamente en el desarrollo psicológico del niño. La validación se ha realizado mediante la obtención de evidencias de fiabilidad y validez en las diferentes muestras del estudio.Grupo de Investigación AnálisisIntervención y Terapia Aplicada con Niños y AdolescentesAITANA Universidad Miguel Hernández2022-2

Long-term outcomes of high-risk HR-positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer patients from GEICAM adjuvant studies and El Álamo IV registry

Purpose The monarchE trial showed that the addition of abemaciclib improves efficacy in patients with high-risk early breast cancer (EBC). We analyzed the long-term outcomes of a population similar to the monarchE trial to put into context the potential benefit of abemaciclib. Methods HR-positive/HER2-negative EBC patients eligible for the monarchE study were selected from 3 adjuvant clinical trials and a breast cancer registry. Patients with ≥ 4 positive axillary lymph nodes (N +) or 1–3 N + with tumor size ≥ 5 cm and/or histologic grade 3 and/or Ki67 ≥ 20%, who had undergone surgery with curative intent and had received anthracyclines ± taxanes and endocrine therapy in the neoadjuvant and /or adjuvant setting were included. We performed analysis of Invasive Disease-Free Survival (iDFS), Distant Disease-Free Survival (dDFS) and Overall Survival (OS) at 5 and 10 years, as well as yearly (up to 10) of Invasive Relapse Rate (IRR), Distant Relapse Rate (DRR) and Death Rate (DR). Results A total of 1,617 patients were analyzed from the GEICAM-9906 (312), GEICAM-2003–10 (210), and GEICAM-2006–10 (160) trials plus 935 from El Álamo IV. With a median follow-up of 10.1 years, the 5 and 10 years iDFS rates were 75.2% and 57.0%, respectively. The dDFS and OS rates at 5 years were 77.4% and 88.8% and the respective figures at 10 years were 59.7% and 70.9%. Conclusions This data points out the need for new therapies for those patients. A longer follow-up of the monarchE study to see the real final benefit with abemaciclib is warranted

A membrane computing simulator of trans-hierarchical antibiotic resistance evolution dynamics in nested ecological compartments (ARES)

In this article, we introduce ARES (Antibiotic Resistance Evolution Simulator) a software device that simulates P-system model scenarios with five types of nested computing membranes oriented to emulate a hierarchy of eco-biological compartments, i.e. a) peripheral ecosystem; b) local environment; c) reservoir of supplies; d) animal host; and e) host's associated bacterial organisms (microbiome). Computational objects emulating molecular entities such as plasmids, antibiotic resistance genes, antimicrobials, and/or other substances can be introduced into this framework and may interact and evolve together with the membranes, according to a set of pre-established rules and specifications. ARES has been implemented as an online server and offers additional tools for storage and model editing and downstream analysisThis work has also been supported by grants BFU2012-39816-C02-01 (co-financed by FEDER funds and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain) to AL and Prometeo/2009/092 (Ministry of Education, Government of Valencia, Spain) and Explora Ciencia y Explora Tecnologia/SAF2013-49788-EXP (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) to AM. IRF is recipient of a "Sara Borrell" postdoctoral fellowship (Ref. CD12/00492) from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain). 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