Morphological characteristics of the facial bone wall related to the tooth position in the alveolar crest in the maxillary anterior

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the position of the tooth in the alveolar ridge influences the thickness of the facial bone wall and the distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and osseous zenith (OZ). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from fifty four dentate patients were included in the study (22 male and 32 female, mean age 41. 5 years). The measurements taken included: (1). The Facial bone thickness at 7 different equidistant levels -measuring levels (ML 1-7) - between OZ and the root apex (A). (2) The CEJ -OZ distance. (3) Facial position of the tooth (FPT) relative to a straight line traced from mesial to distal interproximal depressions of the alveolar plate at the level of the CEJ. The Facial bone wall thickness ranged between 0 mm and 3. 8 mm, with greater values at more apical levels. Mean values were smaller than 1 mm at every level except ML7. The CEJ-OZ distance varied between 0. 5 mm and 6. 9 mm (mean 2. 9 mm). The Mean of FPT value was 0. 6 mm. No statistically significant correlation was found between FPT and the CEJ-OZ distance. Weak negative statistically significant correlations were found between FPT and the thickness of the facial bone wall at MP1 and MP3. Within the limits of this study, no clinically relevant correlation between FPT and facial bone thickness - CEJ-OZ distance was found. More studies should be conducted to evaluate a greater number of teeth, especially those that may present misalignment with greater FPT values.El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si la posición de la pieza dentaria en el reborde alveolar influencia el espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular y la distancia entre el limite amelo-cementario (LAC) y el cenit óseo (CO). Tomografías computadas haz de cono (TC) de 54 pacientes dentados fueron incluidas en el estudio (22 hombres y 32 mujeres, edad promedio 41. 5 anos). Las medidas registradas fueron: (1) espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular en 7 diferentes niveles de medición (NM1-7) entre CO y el ápice radicular (AR). (2) La distancia LAC-CO. (3) Posición vestibular de la pieza dentaria (PVD) en relación a una línea recta trazada desde la depresión interproximal mesial a la depresión interproximal distal de la tabla ósea a nivel del LAC. El espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular fue 0-3. 8mm, con valores mayores registrados a nivel más apical. El valor promedio fue menor a 1 mm excepto en NM7. La distancia LAC-CO varió entre 0. 5 y 6. 9mm (promedio 2. 9mm). El promedio de PVD fue de 0. 6mm. No se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la PVD y la distancia LAC-CO. Se halló una correlación débil negativa estadísticamente significativa entre la PVD y el espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular en NM1 y NM3. Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, no se encontró una correlación clínicamente significativa entre PVD y espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular - distancia LAC-CO. Se deben llevar a cabo más estudios para evaluar un mayor número de piezas dentarias, especialmente aquellas que se encuentran desalineadas con valores PVD mayores

The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft

This paper describes the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instruments aboard the RBSP spacecraft from an instrumentation and engineering point of view. There are four magnetic spectrometers aboard each of the two spacecraft, one low-energy unit (20–240 keV), two medium-energy units (80–1200 keV), and a high-energy unit (800–4800 keV). The high unit also contains a proton telescope (55 keV–20 MeV). The magnetic spectrometers focus electrons within a selected energy pass band upon a focal plane of several silicon detectors where pulse-height analysis is used to determine if the energy of the incident electron is appropriate for the electron momentum selected by the magnet. Thus each event is a two-parameter analysis, an approach leading to a greatly reduced background. The physics of these instruments are described in detail followed by the engineering implementation. The data outputs are described, and examples of the calibration results and early flight data presented

Global environmental changes: setting priorities for Latin American coastal habitats.

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comThe Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) reports that Global Environmental Changes (GEC) are occurring quicker than at any other time over the last 25 million years and impacting upon marine environments (Bellard et al., 2012). There is overwhelming evidence showing that GEC are affecting both the quality and quantity of the goods and services provided by a wide range of marine ecosystems. In order to discuss regional preparedness for global environmental changes, a workshop was held in Ilhabela, Brazil (22- 26 April 2012) entitled "Evaluating the Sensitivity of Central and South American Benthic Communities to Global Environmental Changes" that drew together scientists from ten Latin American and three European countries. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Osteocondritis disecante de rótula: A propósito de un caso

Presentamos un caso de Osteocondritis Disecante de inusual localización en rótula, con afectación bilateral y externa, tratado mediante perforaciones sin exéresis del fragmento, no descrito en la literatura previa para esta localización, consiguiendo un excelente resultado tras un seguimiento de 4 años.A case of osteochondritis dissecans at an unusual localization is presented. The lesion affected both patellae, and was externally located. Surgical treatment was indicated by means of bone perforations without removal of the fragment. An excellent result was observed at 4 years follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this method has been applied for the described location

Alveolar dimensional changes relevant to implant placement after minimally traumatic tooth extraction with primary closure

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dimensional changes that occur in the alveolar ridge after minimally traumatic tooth extraction by means of computed tomography (CT), with special focus on the portion of bone supporting the gingival zenith. Twenty subjects with indication for singlerooted tooth extraction and preserved alveolar walls were selected for this study. After a minimally traumatic extraction, two CT scans were performed; the first within 24 hours postextraction (TC1) and the second 6 months (TC2) later. A radiographic guide with a radiopaque marker was used to obtain references that enabled accurate measurements over time, in both vertical and horizontal directions. The bone crest immediately apical to the gingival zenith was identified and termed "osseous zenith". The displacement of the osseous zenith in horizontal and vertical direction was analyzed and correlated with several alveolar anatomical variables with the aim of identifying possible predictors for bone remodeling. Dimensional changes that occur in postextraction sockets within a 6month period showed significant vertical and horizontal displacement of the osseous zenith (p<0.001). Mean vertical resorption was 2.1 ± 1.7 mm, with a median of 1.9 mm and a range of 0.2 to 7.5 mm. Mean horizontal resorption was 1.8 ± 0.8 mm with a median of 1.7 mm and a range of 0.6 to 4.4 mm. However, no correlation was found between the width of the facial alveolar crest and the displacement of the osseous zenith. The results of the present study showed that if the width of the facial crest at the apicalcoronal midpoint is less than 0.7 mm, a high degree of displacement of the osseous zenith (> 3 mm) should be expected. The present study suggests that the width of the alveolar crest at its midlevel, rather than crestal width, may be correlated with the displacement of the osseous zenith.El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los cambios dimen sio nales que ocurren en el reborde alveolar luego de realizar una exodoncia atraumática mediante tomografía computada, con especial atención en el tejido óseo que soporta el cénit gingival. Se seleccionaron 20 sujetos con indicación de exodoncia de piezas unirradiculares y que presentaban las paredes alveolares conservadas. Luego de llevar a cabo una exodoncia atraumática se realizaron dos tomografías computadas (TC); la primera dentro de las 24 hs postexodoncia (TC1) y la segunda a los 6 meses (TC2). Se utilizó una guía radiológica con un marcador radiopaco para obtener medidas precisas en el tiempo, tanto en el plano horizontal como vertical. Se identificó la cresta ósea inmediatamente apical al cénit gingival y se definió como “cénit óseo”. Se realizó un análisis del desplazamiento del cénit óseo en el plano horizontal y vertical y se correlacionó con diferentes variables anatómicas con el objetivo de determinar posibles predictores del remo delado óseo. Los cambios dimensionales que ocurren 6 meses postexodoncia mostraron un desplazamiento significativo del cénit óseo (p<0.001) . La reabsorción vertical promedio fue de 2.1 ± 1.7 mm con una media de 1.9 mm y un rango de 0.2 a 7.5 mm. El promedio de reabsorción horizontal fue de 1.8 ± 0.8 mm con una media de 1.7 mm y un rango de 0.6 a 4.4 mm. No se halló correlación entre el ancho de la cresta vestibular y el desplazamiento del cénit óseo. Los resultados del presente estudio mostraron que si el ancho de la cresta vestibular en el punto medio (en sentido apicocoronal) es menor a 0.7mm se puede esperar un desplazamiento del cénit óseo (>3mm). Este estudio sugiere que el ancho de la cresta alveolar en su punto medio podría predecir el desplazamiento del cénit óseo

Correction: Porous monoliths synthesized via polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene in nonaqueous deep-eutectic solvent-based HIPEs (RSC Advances (2015) 5 (23255-23260) DOI: 10.1039/C5RA02374B)

© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. The authors regret that there was an error in the results and discussion section of the original article. On page 23257, the text read, The surfactant employed here was sorbitan monooleate . This should have read, The surfactant employed here was sorbitan stearate . The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers

Cryptic diversity and non-adaptive radiation of montane New Guinea skinks (Papuascincus; Scincidae)

New Guinea, the world’s largest and highest tropical island, has a rich but poorly known biota. Papuascincus is a genus of skinks endemic to New Guinea’s mountain regions, comprising two wide-ranging species and two species known only from their type series. The phylogeny of the genus has never been examined and the relationships among its species – as well as between it and closely related taxa – are hitherto unknown. We performed the first large-scale molecular-phylogenetic study of Papuascincus, including sampling across the genus' range in Papua New Guinea. We sequenced three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers from 65 specimens of Papuascincus and reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships. We also performed species-delimitation analyses, estimated divergence times and ancestral biogeography, and examined body-size evolution within the genus. Papuascincus was strongly supported as monophyletic. It began radiating during the mid-Miocene in the area now comprising the Central Cordillera of New Guinea, then dispersed eastward colonising the Papuan Peninsula. We found evidence of extensive cryptic diversity within the genus, with between nine and 20 supported genetic lineages. These were estimated using three methods of species delimitation and predominantly occur in allopatry. Distribution and body-size divergence patterns indicated that character displacement in size took place during the evolutionary history of Papuascincus. We conclude that the genus requires comprehensive taxonomic revision and likely represents a species-rich lineage of montane skinks

Effect of binary raw materials replacement (quartz and feldspar) for porcelain chamotte on the electro-technical siliceous porcelain properties

The hurry for ecological practices and waste control has emerged as an obligation in modern times, demanding precise strategies to restrain waste accumulation and to stimulate recycling and reuse actions to lower the climate effect. The replacement of binary raw materials for porcelain chamotte waste in siliceous porcelain was studied to obtain eco-friendly high-voltage porcelain. Quartz and feldspar were progressively replaced by 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of porcelain chamotte in a conventional siliceous electro-technical porcelain composition. The replacement effect on sintered samples at 1250°C under industrial heat treatment was evaluated by measuring the linear shrinkage, bulk density, porosity, flexural strength, and microhardness technological properties. Phase analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction. Microstructural characteristics were studied using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that chamotte-containing samples reached bulk densities of about 2.36 g/cm3 and a porosity percentage near zero. The maximum flexural strength value at glazed states was 87.8 MPa, for 15 wt.% scrap-containing samples. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a higher mullite phase content in chamotte-containing samples. Scanning electronic microscopy images of the polished and etched specimens show the presence of quartz grains and secondary mullite needles embedded in a feldspathic vitreous matrix. The properties reached by the chamotte-containing samples are attractive since the values obtained in terms of flexural strength, density, and porosity are compared to those reported for conventional siliceous porcelain were obtained. The most noticeable result was observed in flexural resistance. The glazed porcelain bodies showed a flexural strength improvement of about 15%. Then, these porcelain compositions suggest an alternative to produce a more sustainable, affordable, and environmentally-friendly porcelain insulator product

IMU-Mouse: design and implementation of a pointing device for people with disabilities

La aplicación adecuada de las TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación) para el aprendizaje de personas con discapacidad física exige estudios dirigidos a la adaptación de interfaces. El control sobre el diseño e implementación de dispositivos de entrada contribuiría al desarrollo de interfaces capaces de atender las necesidades en el contexto descrito anteriormente. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el desarrollo y la validación del dispositivo apuntador IMU-Mouse, para el cual se tiene el control sobre su diseño e implementación dirigido a la investigación de interfaces, que hagan uso de las capacidades de interacción del aparato en los procesos de adaptación. El dispositivo está dirigido a atender las necesidades inducidas por la discapacidad física en extremidades superiores y por esto opera con los movimientos de la cabeza. Las acciones de clic y desplazamiento del IMU-Mouse se ejecutan a partir del procesamiento de los datos generados por un acelerómetro y un giroscopio. Los principales aspectos de la interacción fueron evaluados por un grupo de 13 personas mediante una encuesta basada en el anexo C del estándar ISO 9241-9. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el dispositivo habilita una interacción efectiva con el computador, y además permiten la identificación de espacios para la aplicación de complementos de hardware y software para asistir las acciones de interacción.The correct application of ICTs (information and communications technologies) to the education of people with physical disabilities requires studies aimed to adapt interfaces. Controlling the design and implementation of input devices would contribute to develop interfaces tailored to the requirements of such context. The purpose of this work is to present the development and validation of the IMU-Mouse pointer device whose design and implementation is controlled—for researching interfaces that make the most of the interaction capabilities of the devices in adaptation processes. The purpose of the device is to address the needs created by physical disability in upper limps; hence it operates with head movements. Both actions of the IMU-Mouse, click and move, are performed by processing the data generated by an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The main interaction features of the IMU-Mouse were assessed by group of 13 people by means of a survey based on Annex C of ISO 9241-9 standard. The results lead to conclude that the device enables an effective interaction with the computer, as well as the identification of spaces for the application of hardware and software add-ons to support interaction