Genetic and virulence-phenotype characterization of serotypes 2 and 9 of Streptococcus suis swine isolates

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics and virulence phenotypes of Streptococcus suis, specifically, in clinical isolates of serotypes 2 and 9 (n = 195), obtained from diverse geographical areas across Spain. Pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing identified 97 genetic profiles, 68% of which were represented by single isolates, indicative of a substantial genetic diversity among the S. suis isolates analyzed. Five PFGE profiles accounted for 33.3% of the isolates and were isolated from 38% of the herds in nine different provinces, indicative of the bacterium’s widespread distribution in the Spanish swine population. Representative isolates of the most prevalent PFGE profiles of both serotypes were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. The results indicated that serotypes 2 and 9 have distinct genetic backgrounds. Serotype 2 isolates belong to the ST1 complex, a highly successful clone that has spread over most European countries. In accordance with isolates of this complex, most serotype 2 isolates also expressed the phenotype MRP+EF+SLY+. Serotype 9 isolates belong to the ST61 complex, which is distantly related to the widespread European ST87 clone. Also, in contrast to most isolates of the European ST87 clone, which express the large variant MRP*, the majority of serotype 9 isolates (97.9%) did not express the protein. [Int Microbiol 2009; 12(3):161-166

Identification of genes associated with environmental persistence in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from processing in a broiler abattoir

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the htrA, htrB and ppk1 genes -all of which are related to environmental persistence- in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from abattoir samples at the arrival of broilers (initial stage) and in meat products after processing (final stage). A total of 119 DNA extracts (55 C. jejuni and 64 C. coli) were included in the study. Identification of genes was performed by conventional PCR (one for each gene). The overall prevalence was 40.3%, 93.3% and 68.9% for the htrA, htrB and ppk1 genes, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.05) between prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli for all three genes. In C. coli the prevalence was significantly higher for the htrA (p = 0.007) and htrB (p = 0.015) genes, while ppk1 gene prevalence was significantly higher in C. jejuni (p < 0.001). In addition, statistically significant increase in the frequency of htrA (p = 0.007) and htrB (p = 0.013) genes in the final product compared to broilers on arrival at the abattoir was observed in C. jejuni, but not in C. coli. These results suggest that htrA and htrB genes are involved in environmental persistence of Campylobacter jejuni

Genetic and virulence-phenotype characterization of serotypes 2 and 9 of Streptococcus suis swine isolates

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics and virulence phenotypes of Streptococcus suis, specifically, in clinical isolates of serotypes 2 and 9 (n = 195), obtained from diverse geographical areas across Spain. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing identified 97 genetic profiles, 68% of which were represented by single isolates, indicative of a substantial genetic diversity among the S. suis isolates analyzed. Five PFGE profiles accounted for 33.3% of the isolates and were isolated from 38% of the herds in nine different provinces, indicative of the bacterium's widespread distribution in the Spanish swine population. Representative isolates of the most prevalent PFGE profiles of both serotypes were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. The results indicated that serotypes 2 and 9 have distinct genetic backgrounds. Serotype 2 isolates belong to the ST1 complex, a highly successful clone that has spread over most European countries. In accordance with isolates of this complex, most serotype 2 isolates also expressed the phenotype MRP(+)EF(+)SLY(+). Serotype 9 isolates belong to the ST61 complex, which is distantly related to the widespread European ST87 clone. Also, in contrast to most isolates of the European ST87 clone, which express the large variant MRP*, the majority of serotype 9 isolates (97.9%) did not express the protein

Incidencias del sistema administrativo y de control interno en la cuenta de inventarios de la empresa Casa Cross-Sucursal Juigalpa, Chontales durante el II semestre del año 2018

Para las empresas en general los sistemas administrativos y el control interno se ha convertido en una de las herramientas fundamentales. Planteamiento del problema.La sucursal Casa Cross es una microempresa dedicada a la comercialización de repuestos automotrices. Justificación. Por medio de este trabajo se beneficiará la empresa Casa Cross ya que se caracterizara el sistema administrativo, y evaluara el sistema de control interno que se implementa en la empresa y en el inventario. Objetivo General. Determinar las incidencias del sistema administrativo y de control interno en la cuenta de inventario de la empresa Casa Cross, Sucursal Juigalpachontales. Objetivos específicos Caracterizar el sistema administrativo de la empresa Casa Cross. Describir el sistema de control interno que se implementa en la empresa. Evaluar el control interno que se aplica en el área de inventario. Proponer alternativas que contribuyan a la buena práctica del sistema del control interno de inventarios Marco Teórico. Administración es un proceso o forma de trabajo que comprende la guía o dirección de un grupo de personas. Control Interno Es un proceso integrado y dinámico llevado a cabo por la Administración y demás personal de una Entidad. Inventarios El inventario está constituido por los bienes de una empresa destinados a la venta

Cytological and bacteriological sampling from filters used for embryo recovery to evaluate the uterine status of donor mares

While testing for uterine bacterial infection is usually performed prior to artificial insemination (AI), samples taken during or after embryo flushing are generally not assessed either in subfertile and old mares or in fertile mares, even though knowledge of the status of the uterine environment in which the embryo is to develop would help to predict the outcome of embryo transfer programmes. The presence of bacteria and inflammatory cells in the liquid retained in the filter after uterine flushing in donors was determined at the moment of embryo recovery. Primarily, a group of mares (n = 8) displaying evident clinical signs of endometritis was selected to evaluate the cytological and bacteriological findings in filters after uterine flushing and in uterine cotton swabs. Two uterine samples (for cytological and bacterial evaluation) were taken with cotton swabs and, subsequently, the uterus was flushed and the efflux was also subjected to bacteriological and cytological analysis. Later, a group of donors (n = 20) was also involved to evaluate the presence of bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). After embryo flushing and collection, the efflux retained in the filter was evaluated by cytology and bacteriology. A sterile cotton swab was then scrubbed on the filter mesh, and a bacterial culture was performed. The embryo recovery rate was 30% (n = 6); Escherichia coli was isolated in one efflux sample collected from embryo-productive flushings, while the other five samples were negative by culture. Bacterial growth (not considered as contamination) was observed in a total of three samples, although no inflammatory cells were detected. Bacteria were isolated in endometrial samples collected after embryo flushing in donor mares, although inflammatory cells were never present in the uterus of mares from which embryos were recovered. In the absence of clinical signs, cytological and/or bacteriological samplings are not very useful for estimating the success of embryo recovery in donor mares, but evaluation of the filter and efflux after uterine flushing in donors may provide valuable information regarding uterine status at embryo collection

ant(6)-I Genes encoding aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferases are widely spread among Streptomycin resistant strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risk factors against bovine respiratory diseade in suckling calves from Argentina

An observacional cross-sectional study was performed to determine the risk factors associated to the main viral agents of the bovine respiratory disease: bovine herpesvirus type 1 (HVB1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (VDVB), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (VRSB) and parainfluenza 3 virus (VPI3). Blood samples from dairy calves in the provinces of Cordova and Santa Fe (Argentina) were obtained, and an epidemiological ques-tionnaire was filled. Antibodies against studied viruses were detected by commercial ELISA kits. A total of 852 blood samples from 55 dairy operations were obtained between years 2000 and 2002. Four epidemiologic logistic regression models were performed. We found significant associations between infection and variables related to the age of the calf, the season, the size population, the vaccinations, the feeding or the breeding system, among many others.Se ha realizado un estudio epidemiológico observacional de tipo transversal para conocer los factores que actúan sobre la seropositividad de los principales agentes víricos del síndrome respiratorio bovino: el herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 (HVB1), el virus de la diarrea vírica bovina (VDVB), el virus respiratorio sincitial bovino (VRSB) y el virus de la parainfluenza 3 (VPI3). Se tomaron muestras de sangre de terneros procedentes de explotaciones lecheras situadas en las provincias argentinas de Córdoba y Santa Fé, y se cumplimentaron cuestionarios epide-miológicos. Los análisis serológicos se realizaron mediante la técnica ELISA. En total se tomaron muestras de sangre de 852 terneros procedentes de 55 explotaciones entre los años 2000 y 2002. Se realizaron cuatro modelos epidemiológicos mediante regresión logística, uno por cada virus donde, entre otras, aparecen variables asociadas a la infección relacionadas con la edad del ternero, la estación del año, el número de animales, la alimentación, las vacunaciones o el sistema de crianza

Estrategias didácticas en el desarrollo de la Educación Integral en la Sexualidad para los estudiantes de 5to grado en la asignatura de Creciendo en Valores en el Colegio Público Salomón Ibarra Mayorga durante el II Semestre del año lectivo 2022

El presente estudio se ha situado en el Colegio Público Salomón Ibarra Mayorga, en la asignatura de Creciendo en Valores, en el 5to grado C de educación primaria, turno matutino, en la zona 6 del municipio de Ciudad Sandino, departamento de Managua, distrito XII, en el segundo semestre del año 2022. Con este estudio se persiguió valorar el uso que hace el docente de los recursos, medios y materiales, así como las estrategias puestas en práctica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; para esto fue necesario realizar una revisión al programa de la asignatura Creciendo en Valores, haciendo énfasis en las estrategias didácticas sugeridas por el mismo Ministerio de Educación en el afán de indagar si eran retomadas por la docente a cargo de la asignatura en el momento. La metodología empleada en la investigación fue de enfoque cualitativa, debido a que se consideró propicia para lograr una mejor comprensión del tema en estudio a través de la descripción de lo ocurrido en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante las opiniones de los docentes en estudio, por tal razón dicha investigación fue de tipo descriptiva y transversal. La muestra cualitativa estuvo conformada por 32 estudiantes, director, subdirectora y 1 docente de las asignaturas de Creciendo en Valores. Estos fueron seleccionados por medio del criterio de voluntariedad, asistencia y se logró realizar el análisis de la información a través de la recopilación de datos a través de instrumentos correspondientes a la entrevista, observación y revisión documental. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes con los que se encontró el estudio fue la falta de conocimiento en estrategias a los docentes, pues desarrollan temáticas de educación sexual más no educación integral en la sexualidad. Con respecto a los medios, principalmente la carencia de aulas TIC de medios para la práctica exclusiva de audios y videos, en cuanto a los recursos didácticos son escasos, puesto que el colegio es de escasos recursos económicos, por lo que, el docente debe de buscarlos por su cuenta. Palabras claves: Estrategias didácticas, medios, recursos, materiales, proceso enseñanza y aprendizaj

Cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of economic evaluation studies

Economic assessments are relevant to support the decision to incorporate more cost-effective strategies to reduce Cervical Cancer (CC) mortality. This systematic review analyzes the economic evaluation studies of CC prevention strategies (HPV DNA-based tests and conventional cytology) in low- and middle-income countries. Medline, EMBASE, CRD, and LILACS were searched for economic evaluation studies that reported cost and effectiveness measures of HPV DNA-based tests for CC screening and conventional cytology in women, without age, language, or publication date restrictions. Selection and data extraction were carried out independently. For comparability of results, cost-effectiveness measures were converted to international dollars (2019). Report quality was assessed using the CHEERS checklist. The Dominance Matrix Ranking (DRM) was used to analyze and interpret the results. The review included 15 studies from 12 countries, with cost-effectiveness analyzes from the health system's perspective and a 3% discount rate. The strategies varied in age and frequency of screening. Most studies used the Markov analytical model, and the cost-benefit threshold was based on the per capita GDP of each country. The sensitivity analysis performed in most studies was deterministic. The completeness of the report was considered sufficient in most of the items evaluated by CHEERS. The Dominance Interpretation (DRM) varied; in 6 studies, the HPV test was dominant, 5 studies showed a weak dominance evaluating greater effectiveness of the HPV test at a higher cost, yet in 2 studies conventional cytology was dominant. Although the context-dependent nature of economic evaluations, this review points out the challenge of methodological standardization in the analytical models