Capacity development for destination communities: a review

This paper presents a review of capacity development (CD) concepts and approaches and its linkage to sustainable tourism and destination communities. The review elucidates various concepts from several studies and how these have progressed through the years, highlighting the significance of learning and integrating key approaches and practices to CD enhancement in destination communities. Broadly, it reveals several factors that aect or complement an effective CD. The review recognized collaboration as beneficial in all CD practices. The paper presents a practical CD framework, its relevance and current contributions in developing comprehensive tourism strategies and investment plans according to global agenda - economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability.publishe

Usefulness of a brief informant interview to detect dementia, translated into Spanish (AD8-Ch)

Cartas al Edito

A global assessment of parasite diversity in galaxiid fishes

Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowl edge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influ ence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus. Parasite diversity generally increased with the number of studies and individual fish examined, however studies which examined parasites from all body tissues could overcome the effects of low study effort. In order to promote further understanding of galaxiid–parasite biodiversity, we provide a series of recommendations, including the use of molecular techniques to verify parasite identity, and highlight the future roles both fish biologists and parasitologists can plapublishedVersio

Generation of digital elevation models using sensor images of SPOT-5 HRS to create mapping at scales 1:25,000-1:50,000

Today Chile has no elevation model (DEM) with national character. Analyzed from the point of view of science and geomatics technologies, a DEM and the orthoimages may be updated in their respective scales 1:25,000 and 1:50,000, these are essential for national development in its various applications. Due to new developments in hardware and software technology it is possible to lead towards new methods of processing and have access to satellite technology to create cartography with new parameters and elements. Based on the methodology employed by Imagine Spot for the generation of cartographic products, the proposal of this research are modifications to methodology to develop our means and get a DEM with the respective orthoimagen, which will validate the data both vertically and horizontally, thus to generate maps for the different productive and strategic areas of the country. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the proposed methodology meets all the objectives and opens a new opportunity to innovate in developing quality cartographic products

Proline cis-​trans isomerization and its implications for the dimerization of analogues of cyclopeptide stylostatin 1: a combined computational and experimental study

Cis and trans proline conformers are often associated with dramatic changes in the biological function of peptides. A slow equilibrium between cis and trans Ile-Pro amide bond conformers occurs in constrained derivatives of the native marine cyclic heptapeptide stylostatin 1 (cyclo-(NSLAIPF)), a potential anticancer agent. In this work, four cyclopeptides, cyclo-(NSTAIPF), cyclo-(KSTAIPF), cyclo-(RSTAIPF) and cyclo-(DSTAIPF), which are structurally related to stylostatin 1, are experimentally and computationally examined in order to assess the effect of residue mutations on the cis-trans conformational ratio and the apparent capacity to form dimeric aggregates. Primarily, cyclo-(KSTAIPF) and cyclo-(RSTAIPF) showed specific trends in circular dichroism, MALDI-TOF and HPLC purification experiments, which suggests the occurrence of peptide dimerization. Meanwhile, the NMR spectrum of cyclo-(KSTAIPF) indicates that this cyclopeptide exists in the two slow-exchange families of conformations mentioned above. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with quantum mechanical calculations have shed light on the factors governing the cis/trans conformational ratio. In particular, we have found that residue mutations affect the internal hydrogen bond pattern which ultimately tunes the cis/trans conformational ratio and that only trans conformers are capable of aggregating due to the shape complementarity of the two subunits

EFICIENCIA DE VARIOS EQUIPOS PARA APLICAR FUNGICIDAS EN LOS CAFETALES

EFICIENCIA DE VARIOS EQUIPOS PARA APLICAR FUNGICIDAS EN LOS CAFETALE

Effects of immunosterilization on body weight gain, carcass yield and fleece weight in young Junín rams

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inmunoesterilización mediante la aplicación de una proteína sintética anti-GnRH sobre la ganancia de peso, rendimiento de carcasa y peso de vellón en ovinos Junín. El estudio fue conducido en la SAIS «Túpac Amaru», Junín, Perú, a una altitud de 3587 msnm entre setiembre y diciembre de 2017. Se utilizaron 80 carnerillos de 11-13 meses y se distribuyeron al azar en cuatro tratamientos (20 por grupo). Los tratamientos fueron T1: castración quirúrgica, T2 y T3: aplicación de 0.5 y 1.0 ml de vacuna anti-GnRH, y T4: control (aplicación de un placebo). Para la inmunoesterilización se utilizaron dos dosis de Improvac® vía subcutánea a intervalos de 21 días. El peso vivo se tomó cada 15 días durante tres meses y el peso de vellón sucio se tomó inmediatamente después de la esquila. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de la vacuna anti-GnRH a una dosis de 1.0 ml mejora los incrementos de peso diario y el peso vivo final (pThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of immune sterilization on body weight gain, carcass yield and fleece weight in Junin sheep by applying an anti-GnRH synthetic protein. The study was conducted at the SAIS "Tupac Amaru", Junin, Peru, at an altitude of 3587 m between September and December 2017. Eighty 11-13-month-old rams were used and randomly distributed into four treatments (20 per group). Treatments were T1: surgical castration, T2 and T3: application of 0.5 and 1.0 ml of anti-GnRH vaccine, and T4: control (application of a placebo). For the immune sterilization, two doses of Improvac® were subcutaneously applied in the axillary region at 21-day intervals. Body weight was taken every 15 days for three months and the weight of dirty fleece was taken immediately after shearing. The results show that the application of anti-GnRH vaccine at a dose of 1.0 ml improvement increases daily body weight gain and the final body weight (p<0.05), while for carcass yield and fleece weight no significant differences were found between treatments. It is concluded that the application of the anti-GnRH vaccine in sheep improves the productive performance of these animals

Vía Verde de Villa Corona: Ciclovía rural tramo Villa Corona - Atotonilco el Bajo - Estipac

ITESO, A.C

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Rat Fatty Liver Cold Ischemia Injury

Institut George Lopez-1 (IGL-1) and Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions are proposed as alternatives to UW (gold standard) in liver preservation. Their composition differs in terms of the presence/absence of oncotic agents such as HES or PEG, and is decisive for graft conservation before transplantation. This is especially so when fatty (steatotic) livers are used since these grafts are more vulnerable to ischemia insult during conservation. Their composition determines the extent of the subsequent reperfusion injury after transplantation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a mitochondrial enzyme, has been reported to play a protective role in warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but its potential in fatty liver cold ischemic injury has not yet been investigated. We evaluated the relevance of ALDH2 activity in cold ischemia injury when fatty liver grafts from Zucker Obese rats were preserved in UW, HTK, and IGL-1 solutions, in order to study the mechanisms involved. ALDH2 upregulation was highest in livers preserved in IGL-1. It was accompanied by a decrease in transaminases, apoptosis (Caspase 3 and TUNEL assay), and lipoperoxidation, which was concomitant with the effective clearance of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-nonenal. Variations in ATP levels were also determined. The results were consistent with levels of NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an antioxidant factor. Here we report for the first time the relevance of mitochondrial ALDH2 in fatty liver cold preservation and suggest that ALDH2 could be considered a potential therapeutic target or regulator in clinical transplantation