Producción de hidrógeno en sistemas continuos a partir de hidrolizados enzimáticos de bagazo de Agave tequilana Weber

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales)"Los problemas atribuidos al uso intensivo de los combustibles fósiles han motivado la exploración de nuevas fuentes de energía renovables. El hidrógeno (H2) es considerado un combustible ideal, el cual puede ser producido mediante la fermentación oscura a partir de diversos tipos de residuos, tales como los lignocelulósicos. En este trabajo se evaluó la producción de hidrógeno a partir de hidrolizados enzimáticos de bagazo de agave utilizando un reactor de tanque agitado (CSTR) y un reactor de filtro percolador (TBR). Las velocidades (VVPH) y los rendimientos (RMH) de la producción de hidrógeno fueron evaluados en ambos reactores como respuesta a diferentes cargas orgánicas volumétricas (COV). Los máximos VVPH y RMH obtenidos en el CSTR fueron de 2.53 L H2/L-d y 1.35 mol H2/mol azúcar consumido a una COV de 52.5 y 40.2 g DQO/L-d, respectivamente. Un aumento de COV a 60.3 g DQO/L-d resultó en una severa disminución en la producción de hidrógeno. En el TBR se alcanzaron VVPH y RMH máximos de 3.45 L H2/L-d y 1.53 mol H2/mol azúcar consumido, ambos obtenidos a una COV de 52.9 g DQO/L-d. El TBR fue más sensible al contenido de sólidos en los hidrolizados en comparación con el CSTR. Los metabolitos predominantes en ambos reactores fueron butirato y acetato, con presencia de lactato y propionato en concentraciones ligeramente mayores en el CSTR en comparación con el TBR, como se pudo observar tanto en los perfiles de producción de metabolitos como en los balances de electrones. La VVPH y el RMH mostraron una respuesta positiva a los aumentos de COV en el TBR. Sin embargo, la VVPH y el RMH mostraron una correspondencia opuesta en el CSTR, debido a que el RMH disminuyó con los incrementos de COV. Los distintos desempeños fueron atribuidos a diferencias en la presión parcial de hidrógeno. Existen pocos trabajos en los que se evalúe la producción continua de hidrógeno a partir de hidrolizados lignocelulósicos. El presente trabajo muestra que la configuración de reactor tiene un efecto importante sobre la producción de hidrógeno a partir de hidrolizados enzimáticos de bagazo de agave.""Problems associated to the intensive use of fossil fuels have given rise to the research on new alternative and renewable energy sources. Hydrogen (H2) is considered an ideal fuel, which can be produced biologically from a variety of wastes by dark fermentation, including lignocellulosic residues, thus valorizing residues and harvesting energy at the same time. The aim of this work was to evaluate the continuous hydrogen production from enzymatic hydrolysates of agave bagasse in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a trickling bed reactor (TBR). Hydrogen production rates (VHPR) and yields (HMY) were evaluated under different organic loading rates (OLR). The highest VHPR and HMY attained in the CSTR were 2.53 L H2/L-d and 1.35 mol H2/mol sugar consumed at an OLR of 52.5 and 40.2 g DQO/L-d, respectively. A drop in hydrogen production was observed at 60.3 g DQO/L-d. Both VHPR and HMY peaked at 52.9 g DQO/L-d in the TBR, corresponding to 3.45 L H2/L-d and 1.53 mol H2/mol sugar consumed, respectively. The solids content in the hydrolysates affected the operation of the TBR. Butyrate and acetate were the main metabolic products in both reactors, whereas propionate and lactate concentrations were slightly higher in the CSTR compared to the TBR, which was observed in both the metabolite production profiles and the electron balances. The reactor configuration had a strong influence on reactors performance. An upward trend was achieved in both VHPR and HMY with increasing OLR in the TBR. Although the increments on the OLR enhanced VHPR in the CSTR, HMY showed a decreasing tendency with increasing OLR. The different performances observed were attributed to differences in the hydrogen partial pressure. There are few studies on continuous hydrogen production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In this study, it is shown that reactor configuration has a relevant impact on the hydrogen production from enzymatic hydrolysates of agave bagasse.

Survival analysis of time to SARS-CoV-2 PCR negativisation to optimise PCR prescription in health workers: the Henares COVID-19 healthcare workers cohort study.

Objectives Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard in diagnosing COVID-19. Infected healthcare workers do not go back to work until RT-PCR has demonstrated that the virus is no longer present in the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study is to determine the most efficient time to perform RT-PCR prior to healthcare workers’ reincorporation. Materials and methods This is a cohort study of healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Data were collected using the medical charts of healthcare workers and completed with a telephone interview. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the influence of several variables on the time to RT-PCR negativisation. The impact of the variables on survival was assessed using the Breslow test. A Cox regression model was developed including the associated variables. Results 159 subjects with a positive RT-PCR out of 374 workers with suspected COVID-19 were included. The median time to negativisation was 25 days from symptom onset (IQR 20–35 days). Presence of IgG, dyspnoea, cough and throat pain were associated with significant longer time to negativisation. Cox logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Only dyspnoea and cough remained in the model as significant determinants of prolonged negativisation time. Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (0.48–096) for dyspnoea and 0.61 (0.42–0.88) for dry cough. Conclusions RT-PCR during the first 3 weeks leads to a high percentage of positive results. In the presence of respiratory symptoms, negativisation took nearly 1 week more. Those who developed antibodies needed longer time to negativisate.pre-print396 K

Defects in memory B-cell and plasma cell subsets expressing different immunoglobulin-subclasses in patients with CVID and immunoglobulin subclass deficiencies

Background: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most prevalent primary immunodeficiencies, but their B-cell defects and underlying genetic alterations remain largely unknown. Objective: We investigated patients with PADs for the distribution of 41 blood B-cell and plasma cell (PC) subsets, including subsets defined by expression of distinct immunoglobulin heavy chain subclasses. Methods: Blood samples from 139 patients with PADs, 61 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 68 patients with selective IgA deficiency (IgAdef), 10 patients with IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency, and 223 age matched control subjects were studied by using flow cytometry with EuroFlow immunoglobulin isotype staining. Patients were classified according to their B-cell and PC immune profile, and the obtained patient clusters were correlated with clinical manifestations of PADs. Results: Decreased counts of blood PCs, memory B cells (MB Cs), or both expressing distinct IgA and IgG subclasses were identified in all patients with PADs. In patients with IgAdef, B-cell defects were mainly restricted to surface membrane (sm)IgA(+) PCs and MBCs, with 2 clear subgroups showing strongly decreased numbers of smIgA(+) PCs with mild versus severe smIgA(+) MBC defects and higher frequencies of nonrespiratory tract infections, autoimmunity, and affected family members. Patients with IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency and those with CVID showed defects in both smIgA(+) and smIgG(+) MBCs and PCs. Reduced numbers of switched PCs were systematically found in patients with CVID (absent in 98%), with 6 different defective MBC (and clinical) profiles: (1) profound decrease in MBC numbers; (2) defective CD27(+) MBCs with almost normal IgG(3)(+) MBCs; (3) absence of switched MBCs; and (4) presence of both unswitched and switched MBCs without and; (5) with IgG(2)(+) MBCs; and (6) with IgA(1)(+) MBCs. Conclusion: Distinct PAD defective B-cell patterns were identified that are associated with unique clinical profiles

Competitive Risaralda, generating research alliance for development

El presente libro lleva como título “Risaralda competitiva, generando alianzas en investigación para el desarrollo”, resultado del V encuentro de investigadores del departamento de Risaralda realizado en el mes de noviembre del año 2020. Evento en el cual se presentaron las últimas investigaciones realizadas en las diferentes instituciones educativas del departamento; quienes hacen parte de la Mesa de Investigaciones de Risaralda; ejercicio de gran interés que arroja resultados de investigaciones en diferentes áreas como son las Ciencias Agrícolas, Ciencias sociales, Ciencias de la salud, Ciencias de la tecnología y la información

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Proyecto De Tesis I - CI186 - 202102

Descripción: Curso de especialidad en la carrera de ingeniería civil de carácter teórico-práctico dirigido a los estudiantes del 9no ciclo. El curso Proyecto de Tesis I busca que los estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil apliquen sus capacidades adquiridas durante todos sus estudios, en completar una investigación, que plantea resolver una problemática en una de las líneas de la carrera. Con la ayuda de un docente asesor especialista en el tema lograran redactar el informe de tesis al 50%, este informe será revisado por otro docente especialista que proporciona sugerencias de mejoras a la investigación. Por último, los estudiantes exponen ante un jurado especialista sus resultados quienes evalúan y también hacen sugerencia de mejoras a la investigación. Propósito: En el Perú actualmente existe un gran número de estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil que no cuentan con el título profesional, por no realizar la tesis de investigación, lo cual disminuye significativamente su desarrollo profesional y sus oportunidades laborales. El curso de proyecto de Tesis 1 permite que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar el 50% de la Tesis de investigación, siendo la misma certificada por un asesor y un jurado evaluador. Contribuye con el desarrollo de las competencias generales de Pensamiento Crítico, Razonamiento Cuantitativo, Pensamiento Innovador y las competencias específicas 1, 4 y 7 de ABET, todas a nivel de logro 3

Políticas públicas

Amputaci&oacute;n de extremidades superiores: caracterizaci&oacute;n epidemiol&oacute;gicaAn&aacute;lisis comparado de las pol&iacute;ticas de promoci&oacute;n de la salud entre Chile y Catalu&ntilde;aAn&aacute;lisis de los Avisa para la toma de decisiones en pol&iacute;ticas de saludAntecedentes de colelitiasis en pacientes que presentaron colecistitis aguda. &iquest;Se puede prevenir la urgencia?Asociaci&oacute;n entre alcoholemia y traumatismos en Copiap&oacute;, 2009Automedicaci&oacute;n en la poblaci&oacute;n asistente al Cesfam de Puerto NatalesAutotoma vaginal para detecci&oacute;n de VPH para la prevenci&oacute;n de c&aacute;ncer cervicouterino, ChileCalidad de atenci&oacute;n programa Auge- c&aacute;ncer cervicouterino: la perspectiva de los profesionalesCaracterizaci&oacute;n de los casos de traumatismo enc&eacute;falo craneano en la comuna de Til-TilConocimiento de conductores universitarios sobre la alcoholemia permitida para conducir y su equivalencia en bebidas alcoh&oacute;licasDescripci&oacute;n de la consulta dermatol&oacute;gica pedi&aacute;trica en el Hospital Roberto del R&iacute;o (2007-2008)Elementos para un abordaje metodol&oacute;gico de la salud intercultural en la Regi&oacute;n Metropolitana de SantiagoEstudio descriptivo de consultas Sapu Cesfam Angachilla, visi&oacute;n tras dos a&ntilde;os de registro cl&iacute;nico-electr&oacute;nicoEstudio descriptivo de ingresos a Conin Valdivia, una revisi&oacute;n de 10 a&ntilde;os (1998-2008)Estudio descriptivo de pacientes hospitalizados por absceso y celulitis peritonsilar en el hospital de PurranqueEvaluaci&oacute;n de la aceptabilidad y consumo de alimentos del Pacam inscritos en el Cesfam Dr. V.M.FEvaluaci&oacute;n de la interacci&oacute;n de medicinas alternativas o complementarias (MAC) en dos centros APSExposici&oacute;n a humo de tabaco ambiental. Signos y s&iacute;ntomas respiratorios bajos: estudio de prevalenciaFactores relacionados con la rotaci&oacute;n laboral de m&eacute;dicos en consultorios del Gran SantiagoFibrosis qu&iacute;stica como patolog&iacute;a GES: una mirada cr&iacute;ticaHipersensibilidad dentinaria: comparaci&oacute;n de diferentes alternativas terap&eacute;uticasImpacto del GES en c&aacute;ncer mamario: seguimiento a 5 a&ntilde;os en un hospital del SSMSImplementaci&oacute;n de la pol&iacute;tica nacional de medicamentos: percepci&oacute;n del profesional qu&iacute;mico farmac&eacute;uticoLa implementaci&oacute;n de pol&iacute;ticas p&uacute;blicas cambi&oacute; mortalidad de los pacientes gran quemado en Chile&iquest;La infertilidad deber&iacute;a ser considerada un problema de salud p&uacute;blica en el Per&uacute;?Modelo de monitoreo de una pol&iacute;tica de protecci&oacute;n a la infanciaMortalidad materna en el Hospital Dr. Alfredo van Grieken Coro, Estado Falc&oacute;n, Venezuela 2005-2009Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio. Modelaci&oacute;n de la mortalidad infantil Nicaragua - Costa Rica 1978-2008Percepci&oacute;n de riesgo y beneficio respecto del cigarrillo y su relaci&oacute;n con el tabaquismo adolescentePol&iacute;ticas p&uacute;blicas y salud intercultural: la experiencia de la organizaci&oacute;n ind&iacute;gena Tai&ntilde; adkimnPrevalencia de atipias celulares del cuello uterino en mujeres entre 18 y 24 a&ntilde;osProceso de ser histerectomizada: relatos de experiencias de mujeres en un hospital p&uacute;blico de SantiagoProceso de ser histerectomizada: relatos de experiencias de mujeres en un hospital p&uacute;blico de SantiagoPrograma Auge y c&aacute;ncer cervicouterino: calidad de atenci&oacute;n percibida por las usuarias del programaResoluci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica por patolog&iacute;a adenoamigdalina: &iquest;Es la poblaci&oacute;n mapuche un grupo de riesgo?Resultados de alcoholemias tanatol&oacute;gicas del Servicio M&eacute;dico Legal de Copiap&oacute; 1999-2009Resultados de la evaluaci&oacute;n de los objetivos sanitarios de la d&eacute;cada 2000-2010Una mirada a los servicios de salud para adolescentes en Puente Alt

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante