Monthly HPLC measurements of pigment concentration from an intertidal muddy sediment of Marennes-Oléron Bay, France

Chloropigments and carotenoids were measured by HPLC in an intertidal muddy sediment of Marennes-Oleron Bay (France). Concentrations were determined as a function of sediment depth at low tide. The analyses were carried out at monthly intervals over 1 yr. Pigment analysis indicated that the microphytobenthic community was dominated by diatoms throughout the sampling year. Chlorophyll b was not encountered at any time or depth, indicating that no input from macrophytic detritus had occurred at the sampling site. There was a large pool of phaeopigments a, of which phaeophorbides were the major forms (75%). A microphytobenthic bloom occurred between March and June during which phaeopigments significantly increased with a high proportion of phaeophorbides likely due to intense grazing activity of benthic invertebrates. Pigment concentrations were still high at 5 cm depth and changes occurred simultaneously in the aphotic (5 mm sediment depth) layers of the sediment, reflecting an impact of bioturbation and physical mixing (resuspension/redeposition) of the upper sediment layer. There was a decrease of the pigment content of the sediment between June and July. It was attributed to grazing and to a resuspension event. Overall, the pigment analysis of this intertidal sediment indicates a predominance of the diatom community, a close coupling between the dynamics of microphytobenthos biomass and the grazing activity of benthic invertebrates, and the influence of sediment mixing

Kinetics of tidal resuspension of microbiota: Testing the effects of sediment cohesiveness and bioturbation using flume experiments

Resuspension of the top few sediment layers of tidal mud flats is known to enhance planktonic biomass of microbiota (benthic diatoms and bacteria). This process is mainly controlled by tidal shear stress and cohesiveness of mud, and is also influenced by bioturbation activities. Laboratory experiments in a race track flume were performed to test the interactive effects of these factors on both the critical entrainment and resuspension kinetics of microbiota from silt-clay sediments from the Marennes-Oleron Bay, France. The marine snail Hydrobia ulvae was used to mimic surface bioturbation activities. As expected, the kinetics of microbial resuspension versus shear stress were largely controlled by the cohesiveness of silt-clay sediments. However, our results indicate that the effect of surface tracking by H. ulvae on microbial resuspension was clearly dependent on the interaction between sediment cohesiveness and shear velocity. Evidence was also found that microphytobenthos and bacteria are not simultaneously resuspended from silt-clay bioturbated sediments. This supports the theory that diatoms within the easily eroded mucus matrix behave actively and bacteria adhering to fine silt particles eroded at higher critical shear velocities behave passively

Extra Corporeal Life Support for Cardiac ARrest patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome: the ECCAR study

International audiencePurpose: Post-Cardiac Arrest Shock (PCAS) occurring after resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA), is a main cause of early death. Extra-Corporeal Life Support (ECLS) could be useful pending recovery of myocardial failure. We aimed to describe our PCAS population, and factors associated with ECLS initiation. Materials and Methods: This analysis included 924 patients admitted in two intensive care units (ICU) between 2005 and 2014 for CA and PCAS, and, of those patients, 43 patients for whom an ECLS was initiated. Neurological and ECLS-related outcomes were gathered retrospectively. Results: The 43 ECLS patients were predominantly young males with evidence of myocardial infarction on coronary angiography (70%). ECLS was initiated in patients suffering from severe cardiovascular dysfunction (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: 15 [10 -25] %), with a median delay of 9 [6 -16] hours following CA. At one year, 8 patients survived (19%) without neurological disability. Blood lactate and coronary etiology were associated with neurological outcomes. Logistic regression conducted using 878 PCAS controls identified age, sex, current smoking, location of CA, blood lactate and creatinine levels as risk factors for initiation of ECLS.Conclusions: ECLS, as a salvage therapy for PCAS, could represent an acceptable alternative for highly selected patients

Application de la spectroscopie d'admittance aux cellules multi-jonctions

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The Emergence of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children After the Discontinuation of Mandatory BCG Immunization in France

International audienceEighty-five children were diagnosed with culture-confirmed non-tuberculous mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis within the MYCOMED surveillance network in 2004-2013. The mean incidence sharply increased from 0.57 to 3.7 per 100,000 children/year, following discontinuation of mandatory BCG immunization in 2007. Cases were due to Mycobacterium avium (62.3%), M. intracellulare (15.3%), and M. lentiflavum(12.9%). Outcome was favorable in all, with or without surgery or antimycobacterial treatment