Un Complesso ipogeo nell’agro di Romana (Sassari): problematiche e ipotesi di ricerca

Le ricerche archeologiche condotte nel territorio di Romana, regione Costa Piras, hanno rivelato come un edificio di culto cristiano abbia riutilizzato una struttura ipogea di epoca precedente. Quest’ultima è parte integrante di un complesso monumentale molto ampio e le indagini ancora in corso avvalorano l’ipotesi di un’intensa occupazione del territorio in età ellenistica e romana. In questa sede si intende descrivere la topografia del sito, lo scavo stratigrafico dell’edificio di culto e dei livelli di abbandono delle strutture preesistenti, ricchi di materiale ceramico databile tra il II secolo a.C. e la tarda età romana imperiale

Fish and Fishing Communities: Understanding Ancient and Modern Fisheries through Archaeological Fish Remains

The papers in this special issue of the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology (IJO) were presented at the 19th biennial meeting of the Fish Remains Working Group (FRWG) of the International Council of Archaeozoology (ICAZ), which was held in Alghero and Stintino, Sardinia, Italy, from October 1–7, 2017. Entitled Fish and Fishing Communities: Understanding Ancient and Modern Fisheries through Archaeological Fish Remains, this conference brought together a diverse group of 120 scholars from 29 countries with specializations in archaeology, zoology, history, and anthropology. These fish specialists ranged from undergraduate students to emeritus professors

Vertebrae reveal industrial-era increases in Atlantic bluefin tuna catch-at-size and juvenile growth

Climate change and size-selective overexploitation can alter fish size and growth, yet our understanding of how and to what extent is limited due to a lack of long-term biological data from wild populations. This precludes our ability to effectively forecast population dynamics and support sustainable fisheries management. Using modern, archived, and archaeological vertebrae dimensions and growth rings of one of the most intensely exploited populations, the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, BFT), we estimated catch-at-size and early-life growth patterns from the 3 (rd) century bce to the 21 (st) century ce to understand responses to changes in its environment. We provide novel evidence that BFT juvenile growth increased between the 16 (th)-18 (th), 20 (th), and 21 (st) centuries, and is correlated with a warming climate and likely a decrease in stock biomass. We found it equally plausible that fisheries-induced evolution has acted to increase juvenile BFT growth, driving earlier maturation as a result of size-selective exploitation. Coincidently, we found limited evidence to suggest a long history of large ( >200 cm FL) BFT capture. Instead, we found that the catch-at-size of archaeological BFT was relatively small in comparison with more intensive, 20 (th) and 21 (st) century tuna trap fisheries which operated further from shore. This complex issue would benefit from studies using fine-scale biochronological analyses of otoliths and adaptation genomics, throughout the last century especially, to determine evolutionary responses to exploitation, and further disentangle the influence of temperature and biomass on fish growth

A matter of life and death : substance-caused and substance-related fatalities in Ibiza in 2015

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Rita Santacroce, et al, 'A matter of life and death: substance-caused and substance-related fatalities in Ibiza in 2015', Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, Vol. 32 (3), e2592, May 2017, which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/hup.2592. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. The Accepted Manuscript is under embargo. Embargo end date: 18 May 2018.Objectives and methods: In the framework of the EU-funded project “EU-Madness,” we collected and analysed all the reports of fatalities directly or indirectly related to substances of abuse registered in Ibiza from January to September 2015, in order to analyse the characteristics of the sample, the identified substances, and the nature of deaths associated with their consumption. Results: A significant increase of substance-caused deaths with respect to the previous 4 years has been highlighted. Most of the subjects were young males, more than half were not Spanish. Males prevailed also amongst the victims of traffic accidents and suicides. The most commonly involved substances included MDMA, alcohol, cocaine, THC, opiates and prescription drugs. Conclusions: Although the use of NPS is rapidly increasing in Europe, according to the results from our sample, alcohol and well-known stimulants (MDMA and cocaine) are still the substances of abuse mainly involved in the cases of substance-caused and substance-related fatalities. The significant increase of fatalities in Ibiza in the last 5 years is an issue that must be taken into account and should be better investigated, as other theories besides NPS-increased diffusion should be proposed, and therefore, targeted prevention strategies should be designed.Peer reviewe

Obsessive-Compulsive Aspects and Pathological Gambling in an Italian Sample

INTRODUCTION: Gambling behaviour appears as repetitive and difficult to resist and seems to be aimed at neutralizing or reducing negative feelings such as anxiety and tension, confirming its similarities with the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Aims. Estimating the prevalence of gambling behaviour in an Italian sample and assessing the effects of sociodemographic variables and the correlations between gambling behaviour and obsessive-compulsive features. METHODS: A sample of 300 Italian subjects was evaluated based on gambling behaviours and obsessive-compulsive attitudes. The assessment was carried out in small centers in Italy, mainly in coffee and tobacco shops, where slot machines are located, using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the MOCQ-R, a reduced form of Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire. RESULTS: A negative correlation between SOGS and MOPQ-R, with reference to the control and cleaning subscales, was evidenced in the majority of the examined subjects. Both evaluating instruments showed reliability and a good discriminative capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study evidenced that the sample of gamblers we analysed did not belong to the obsessive-compulsive disorders area, supporting the validity of the model proposed by DSM-5 for the classification of PG. These data confirm the importance of investing in treatments similar to those used for substance use disorders

Metagenomics and microscope revealed T. trichiura and other intestinal parasites in a cesspit of an Italian nineteenth century aristocratic palace

This study evidenced the presence of parasites in a cesspit of an aristocratic palace of nineteenth century in Sardinia (Italy) by the use of classical paleoparasitological techniques coupled with next-generation sequencing. Parasite eggs identified by microscopy included helminth genera pathogenic for humans and animals: the whipworm Trichuris sp., the roundworm Ascaris sp., the flatworm Dicrocoelium sp. and the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium sp. In addition, 18S rRNA metabarcoding and metagenomic sequencing analysis allowed the first description in Sardinia of aDNA of the human specific T. trichiura species and Ascaris genus. Their presence is important for understanding the health conditions, hygiene habits, agricultural practices and the diet of the local inhabitants in the period under study

Exploitation shifted trophic ecology and habitat preferences of Mediterranean and Black Sea bluefin tuna over centuries

During recent decades, the health of ocean ecosystems and fish populations has been threatened by overexploitation, pollution and anthropogenic-driven climate change. Due to a lack of long-term ecological data, we have a poor grasp of the true impact on the diet and habitat use of fishes. This information is vital if we are to recover depleted fish populations and predict their future dynamics. Here, we trace the long-term diet and habitat use of Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT), Thunnus thynnus, a species that has had one of the longest and most intense exploitation histories, owing to its tremendous cultural and economic importance. Using carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope analyses of modern and ancient BFT including 98 archaeological and archival bones from 11 Mediterranean locations ca. 1st century to 1941 CE, we infer a shift to increased pelagic foraging around the 16th century in Mediterranean BFT. This likely reflects the early anthropogenic exploitation of inshore coastal ecosystems, as attested by historical literature sources. Further, we reveal that BFT which migrated to the Black Sea–and that disappeared during a period of intense exploitation and ecosystem changes in the 1980s–represented a unique component, isotopically distinct from BFT of NE Atlantic and Mediterranean locations. These data suggest that anthropogenic activities had the ability to alter the diet and habitat use of fishes in conditions prior to those of recent decades. Consequently, long-term data provide novel perspectives on when marine ecosystem modification began and the responses of marine populations, with which to guide conservation policy

Haplotype Affinities Resolve a Major Component of Goat (Capra hircus) MtDNA D-Loop Diversity and Reveal Specific Features of the Sardinian Stock

Goat mtDNA haplogroup A is a poorly resolved lineage absorbing most of the overall diversity and is found in locations as distant as Eastern Asia and Southern Africa. Its phylogenetic dissection would cast light on an important portion of the spread of goat breeding. The aims of this work were 1) to provide an operational definition of meaningful mtDNA units within haplogroup A, 2) to investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of diversity by considering the modes of selection operated by breeders and 3) to identify the peculiarities of Sardinian mtDNA types. We sequenced the mtDNA D-loop in a large sample of animals (1,591) which represents a non-trivial quota of the entire goat population of Sardinia. We found that Sardinia mirrors a large quota of mtDNA diversity of Western Eurasia in the number of variable sites, their mutational pattern and allele frequency. By using Bayesian analysis, a distance-based tree and a network analysis, we recognized demographically coherent groups of sequences identified by particular subsets of the variable positions. The results showed that this assignment system could be reproduced in other studies, capturing the greatest part of haplotype diversity

Nora: analisi archeozoologica di un contesto chiuso. Probabili manifestazioni cultuali in età romana

ItNell'ambito del progetto di ricerca Isthmos che vede la collaborazione tra la cattedra di Archeologia Greca e Romana dell'Università di Cagliari con la Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Cagliari e per le province di Oristano, Medio Campidano, Carbonia-Iglesias, Ogliastra e il Comune di Pula, a partire dal maggio 2013 sono state condotte alcune indagini archeologiche all'interno di un area già occupata da servitù militare e recentemente ceduta al demanio pubblico. Lo scavo dell'area Alfa ha permesso di individuare una serie di stratigrafie inquadrabili tra l'età romana repubblicana e tardo imperiale. In particolare è stata indagata una fossa riempita da strati ricchi di elementi ceramici, alcuni votivi e molte ossa animali. È stata dunque avviata una collaborazione con il sottoscritto e Barbara Wilkens, docente di Archeozoologia all'Università di Sassari, per l'esame dei reperti osteologici. Il lavoro su questi materiali si è rivelato utile per poter rafforzare le ipotesi degli archeologi che interpretano la fossa come il risultato della dismissione di un area sacra presente verosimilmente nelle vicinanze del settore di scavo. L'esame dei resti osteologici ci permette inoltre di poter discutere sulla tipologia e morfologia delle specie rappresentate oltre che di alcune pratiche cultuali tipiche dell'età romana.EnIn May 2013 the Isthmos research project started with the collaboration of Greek and Roman Archaeology teaching post at the University of Cagliari, the Soprintendenza Archeologia della Sardegna and the city council of Pula. Some archaeological investigations carried out in a new area of the Roman city of Nora were part of the project. During the excavation some layers dated from the Republican to the Late Imperial periods were bought to light in area Alfa. In particular, the excavation concerned a pit filled with pottery, votive artefacts and animal bones. The collaboration between the Isthmos project and the teaching post of Archaeozoology at the University of Sassari allowed starting the study of animal remains. The archaeozoological framework was useful to verify the archaeological interpretation of the feature: a ditch filled with the remains from a sacred complex located close to the excavated area. in this work we will also discuss the frequency of the species and all aspects of the animal remains found into the pit, as well as the Roman ritual practices evidenced by the feature

La Colonizzazione fenicia e punica e il suo influsso sulla fauna sarda

Per questo lavoro sono stati presi in considerazione i resti faunistici provenienti da alcuni siti del Sulcis e da Olbia, utilizzando come confronti le faune da altri siti nuragici e punici. Nonostante la scarsità e la discontinuità delle aree esaminate, il materiale dal Sulcis è notevolmente ricco e presenta situazioni insolite che danno nuovi motivi di interesse per lo studio delle colonie fenicie e puniche e della loro influenza sull’economia animale dell’isola