Proposta de atividade lúdica para a aprendizagem de conceitos em genética

In teaching science and biology, genetics is a subject difficult to abstraction by the students. Because of this, this article brings a playful teaching proposal for learning concepts in genetics. The proposed game is composed of letters, in order to work on concepts of genotype and phenotype, dominant and recessive, and the role of the gametes in the transmission of characters. The application of activity proved to be effective since the students felt motivated, learned the concepts, and it’s ideal to be worked in large classes.No ensino de ciências e biologia, a genética é um tema de difícil abstração pelos alunos. Em virtude disto, o presente artigo traz uma proposta de ensino lúdico para a aprendizagem de conceitos em genética. O jogo proposto é composto por cartas, com o objetivo de trabalhar conceitos de genótipo e fenótipo, dominância e recessividade, e o papel dos gametas na transmissão dos caracteres. A aplicação da atividade mostrou-se efetiva uma vez que os alunos se sentiram motivados, aprenderam os conceitos, e é ideal para ser trabalhada em turmas grandes

Reaction of lima bean accessions to Meloidogyne javanica

Lima bean is one of the most popular leguminous plants in northeastern Brazil, with a strong socioeconomic influence on the regional communities. However, the low yield related to biotic and abiotic factors limits the increase in production. Among the biological agents, root-knot nematodes compromise its vegetative and productive development. In order to select genotypes resistant to Meloidogyne javanica, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and in a laboratory, in a completely randomized design, with fifteen lima bean accessions and five replicates. The reaction of lima bean accessions was evaluated through the infectivity and reproduction of M. javanica, as well as the main agronomic traits of the crop. A variation was observed in the resistance level among the accessions, with Lavandeira preta, Orelha de vó and Fava cearense being rated as very resistant, while Lavandeira vermelha was slightly resistant and the remaining accessions were all rated as susceptible

Toxicity of anthranilamides used in cucurbit cultivation on Apis mellifera

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides belonging to the chemical group Anthranilamide on Apis mellifera. Toxicity was evaluated in the two experiments, which corresponded to two exposure modes: direct spraying of the products on the bees and ingestion of a contaminated diet. The two bioassays were performed in a completely randomized design composed of eight treatments (absolute control – distilled water; positive control: Thiamethoxam at 0.03 and 0.3 g.a.i. L-1; Chlorantraniliprole: 0.015 g.a.i. L-1; Cyantraniliprole: 0.05 and 0.1 g.a.i. L-1; Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin: 0.027+0.0108 g.a.i. L-1 and 0.045+0.018 g.a.i. L-1), with 10 replications each. Via exposure through direct spraying, the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin, regardless of the dose used, caused 100% bee mortality, showing a TL50 of 10.05h and 8.36h for the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. The insecticide Cyantraniliprole caused the death of 33.1% and 44.9% of the bees, respectively at the minimum and maximum doses, with a TL50 of 87.79 h for the two doses. The insecticide Chlorantraniliprole showed the lowest mortality rate, 24.7%, with a TL50 of 118.88h. Via ingestion of a contaminated diet, the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin caused 100% mortality and showed a TL50 of 27.83h and 24.01h at the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. The insecticide Cyantraniliprole caused the death of 67.6% and 68.1% of bees at the minimum and maximum doses, respectively, with a TL50 of 58.63 h for the two doses. Chlorantraniliprole shows the lowest mortality rate, 48.1%, and a TL50 of 79.68h.This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides belonging to the chemical group Anthranilamide on Apis mellifera. Toxicity was evaluated in the two experiments, which corresponded to two exposure modes: direct spraying of the products on the bees and ingestion of a contaminated diet. The two bioassays were performed in a completely randomized design composed of eight treatments (absolute control – distilled water; positive control: Thiamethoxam at 0.03 and 0.3 g.a.i. L-1; Chlorantraniliprole: 0.015 g.a.i. L-1; Cyantraniliprole: 0.05 and 0.1 g.a.i. L-1; Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin: 0.027+0.0108 g.a.i. L-1 and 0.045+0.018 g.a.i. L-1), with 10 replications each. Via exposure through direct spraying, the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin, regardless of the dose used, caused 100% bee mortality, showing a TL50 of 10.05h and 8.36h for the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. The insecticide Cyantraniliprole caused the death of 33.1% and 44.9% of the bees, respectively at the minimum and maximum doses, with a TL50 of 87.79 h for the two doses. The insecticide Chlorantraniliprole showed the lowest mortality rate, 24.7%, with a TL50 of 118.88h. Via ingestion of a contaminated diet, the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin caused 100% mortality and showed a TL50 of 27.83h and 24.01h at the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. The insecticide Cyantraniliprole caused the death of 67.6% and 68.1% of bees at the minimum and maximum doses, respectively, with a TL50 of 58.63 h for the two doses. Chlorantraniliprole shows the lowest mortality rate, 48.1%, and a TL50 of 79.68h

Toxicidade oral de inseticidas derivados do NIM sobre a abelha africanizada Apis Mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) / Oral toxicity of neem derived insecticides on the africanized bee Apis Mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

O estudo da toxicidade de inseticidas sobre a abelha Apis mellifera fornece subsídios para a preservação desse polinizador em áreas agrícolas. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade oral de inseticidas derivados do nim (Azadirachta indica) sobre A. mellifera em condições de laboratório. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto por oito tratamentos [Testemunha absoluta: água destilada; Testemunha positiva: Inseticida Tiametoxam; duas doses do óleo comercial de nim (150 ml/100 L e 200 ml/100 L); duas doses do extrato aquoso de folhas de nim (5 g/100 ml e 10 g/100 ml); e duas doses do extrato aquoso de sementes de nim (5 g/100 ml e 10 g/100 ml)] e 10 repetições.Os inseticidas a base de nim (extratos aquosos e óleo comercial) ocasionaram mortalidade entre 12,9% e 25,9% sobre as abelhas, demonstrando baixa toxicidade a A. mellifera quando comparados com testemunha positiva (Inseticida Tiametoxam), que ocasionou 100% de mortalidade. No entanto, ocorreu uma alteração no comportamento das abelhas após o início da ingestão de dieta contaminada com os inseticidas derivados do nim, havendo uma redução na procura pela dieta artificial, especialmente nas duas doses do óleo comercial. Todos os tratamentos com inseticidas a base de nim apresentaram Tempo Letal Mediano (TL50) superiores a testemunha positiva. O óleo comercial de nim, independente da dose, apresentou TL50 de 86,22 horas, enquanto os extratos aquosos de semente e folhas de nim, independente da dose, proporcionaram um TL50 de 103,75 horas

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio