Educação STEM na aprendizagem da eletricidade : um trabalho com alunos do 9.º ano

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Física e de Química no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2020O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo conhecer de que forma uma abordagem STEM sobre eletricidade contribui para o desenvolvimento das estruturas cognitivas dos alunos do 9.º ano, bem com para as suas aprendizagens. Para tal, procurou-se conhecer se ocorrem mudanças nas suas estruturas cognitivas, as aprendizagens que desenvolvem e dificuldades sentidas quando envolvidos na realização de tarefas STEM sobre eletricidade. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de cinco tarefas, sobre eletricidade, contextualizadas na “Engenharia Reversa”, visando o estudo e compreensão de conceitos científicos relativos à eletricidade, por desconstrução de um artefacto elétrico, a “caixa mistério”. Na elaboração das tarefas propostas utilizaram-se contextos simples e familiares aos alunos, com o intuito de os motivar para a resolução de problemas relacionados com a eletricidade e de mobilizar o conhecimento científico adquirido para construir um protótipo de um robô, na última tarefa. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no quadro projeto de investigação “Let’s GoSTEM: Abordagem STEM e sua influência nas aprendizagens de Física, interesse e motivação”, financiado pela FCT (referência PTDC/CED-EDG/31480/2017). A prática de ensino supervisionada decorreu com uma turma do 9.o ano composta por 23 alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 17 anos. Este trabalho de cariz investigativo recorre a uma metodologia de investigação qualitativa, utilizando como instrumentos de recolha de dados: um pré e um pós-WAT (Word Association Test), registos escritos dos alunos, observação e fotografias. Da análise de conteúdo emergiram várias categorias e subcategorias que facilitaram a organização e compreensão dos dados. Os resultados obtidos, usando uma abordagem STEM sobre eletricidade, apontam para uma evolução positiva relativamente ao desenvolvimento das estruturas cognitivas dos alunos e à natureza das relações que estabelecem. No que concerne às aprendizagens, os resultados indicam que os alunos, quando envolvidos em tarefas STEM, conseguem adquirir alguns conhecimentos quer no domínio de conceptual quer no domínio processual. Contudo, há um conjunto de dificuldades, nesses domínios, que não foram ultrapassadas, sugerindo, por um lado, a necessidade de melhorar as tarefas e a metodologia de ensino e, por outro, um estudo mais aprofundado sobre a causa dessas dificuldades.This work aims to know how a STEM approach on electricity contributes to the development of the 9th grade students’ cognitive structures, as well as to their learning. For that, we aim to know changes in students’ cognitive structures, the learning they develop and the difficulties experienced when they are involved in STEM tasks related with electricity. A set of five tasks, about electricity, was developed, contextualized in “Reverse Engineering”, aiming at the study and understanding of scientific concepts related to electricity, by disassembly of an electrical device, the “mystery box”. In the design of the tasks, simple contexts were used, familiar to the students, in order to motivate them to solve problems related to electricity and to mobilize the scientific knowledge acquired, to create, in the last task, a robot prototype. This work was developed in the scope of the research project “Let’s GoSTEM: STEM approach and its influence on the learning of Physics, interest and motivation”, funded by FCT (reference PTDC / CED-EDG / 31480/2017). The supervised teaching practice took place with a 9th grade class with 23 students, aged between 13 and 17 years. This research follows a qualitative research methodology, using as instruments of data collection: a WAT (Word Association Test), pre and a post-test, students’ written documents, observation and photographs. Several categories and subcategories emerged from the content analysis that facilitated the organization and understanding of the data. The results obtained using a STEM approach about electricity showed a positive evolution towards the development of students’ cognitive structures and the nature of the relationships established. The results also showed that students, when involved in STEM tasks, were able to acquire knowledge in conceptual and procedural domains. However, there some difficulties in these areas that have not been overcome, suggesting the need to improve the tasks and the teaching methodology, as well as a more in-depth study of the causes of these difficulties

Alguns aspectos da modelação ecológica na costa portuguesa (Aveiro) : efeitos físicos na distribuição de nutrientes e biomassa fitoplanctónica

Doutoramento em FísicaO presente trabalho propõe estudar alguns aspectos da modelação ecológica na Costa Portuguesa, nomeadamente o efeito físico na distribuição de nutrientes e biomassa fitoplanctónica. O principal propósito foi implementar e validar um modelo acoplado tridimensional físico e ecológico, para a costa portuguesa, e aplicá-lo numa área limitada, a norte, por Vila do Conde e a sul pela Figueira da Foz centrada na região de Aveiro, para estudar a distribuição, vertical e horizontal, de temperatura, nutrientes e biomassa fitoplanctónica. A região em estudo está situada na costa oeste da Península Ibérica e faz parte da Região de Afloramento do Atlântico Norte. É caracterizada por condições meteorológicas onde a predominância e prevalência, durante uma grande parte do ano, de ventos de norte/noroeste, constitui um dos principais elementos forçadores do transporte para o largo das águas costeiras e consequente subida das águas mais frias e profundas, ricas em nutrientes. A estas condições juntam-se as boas condições de luminosidade e temperatura essenciais ao desenvolvimento fitoplanctónico, que servirá de alimento às espécies marinhas. Este facto, torna esta região, uma zona de elevada riqueza biológica favorável ao desenvolvimento de várias espécies marinhas, transformando este local num ecossistema de forte produtividade. O modelo foi calibrado e validado para a área em estudo e simulou com sucesso, a resposta do sistema à situação de ventos favoráveis ao afloramento costeiro para a região em estudo. Quando comparada com dados observados, os resultados mostram que o modelo é capaz de prever satisfatoriamente as distribuições superficiais e na coluna de água: da temperatura, dos nutrientes, do oxigénio e da clorofila-a. Os resultados evidenciam o crucial papel desempenhado pelos processos físicos no aumento de fitoplâncton que ocorre ao longo de uma estreita área da costa norte portuguesa, mostrando a estreita ligação entre a distribuição costeira de fitoplâncton e a distribuição costeira de temperatura, à superfície. A produtividade do fitoplâncton que ocorre nas águas costeiras não só é atribuída à disponibilidade de nutrientes mas também à intensidade luminosa. A luz e a intensidade dos ventos de norte/noroeste são os factores chave no controlo dos blooms de fitoplâncton observados nesta região de afloramento, sobretudo no Verão, nomeadamente na camada de mistura pouco profunda e junto à nutriclina. Deste modo os modelos numéricos em associação com dados in situ e imagens de satélite poderão ser considerados uma excelente ferramenta para a análise e previsão de cenários, presentes e futuros, de acções praticadas sobre o meio ambiente.The present work is aimed to study same aspects of ecological modelling of Aveiro coast, namely the physic effects on nutrients and phytoplanktonic biomass distributions. The main purpose is to implement a coupled threedimensional physical and ecological model for the Portuguese coast, and to apply it to the region between Vila do Conde and Figueira da Foz centred in Aveiro, to study the vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature nutrients, oxygen and phytoplanktonic biomass. The study area is situated in the west coast of Iberian Peninsula, which is located in the North Atlantic Upwelling Region, meteorologically characterized by noth/northest prevailing winds, the main force element of the transport of coastal waters to offshore and the following upwelling of the nutrient rich and cold deep waters, inshore. This condition addicted to favourable situations of light and temperature, induces the phytoplankton development, which is the primary food for marine species. This makes this region a zone of high biological resources favourable to the development of many marine species, transforming it into an ecosystem of strong productivity. This fact made this region an area of high biogeochemistry resources, favourable o the marine species development, transforming this place in an ecosystem of strong productivity with a high interest of study. The model has successfully simulated the response of the system to an upwelling favourable wind event. When compared to the observations the results show that the model is capable to predict satisfactory the temperature, the nutrients and the chlorophyll-a distributions. The results evidence, the crucial role played by the physical processes in the phytoplankton bloom, which takes place along a narrow coastal area of the Aveiro coast. It also evidences the closed link between the coastal surface phytoplankton distribution and the coastal surface temperature distribution. The phytoplankton bloom productivity taken place at the Aveiro coastal water is, therefore, not only attributed to nutrients availability but also to the increasing of the light intensity. Light and the north-westerly wind intensity are, therefore, the key environmental factors controlling the phytoplankton blooms observed in this upwelling region, namely the shoaling of the mixing layer and the nutricline, well reproduced by the model. The numerical models in association with in situ data and satellite images are therefore an excellent tool for the analysis and prevision of scenarios

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Síndrome de Torsades de Pointes: análise de casos: Torsades de Pointes Syndrome: case analysis

A Síndrome de Torsades de Pointes (TdP) é uma taquiarritmia ventricular polimórfica de pacientes com um intervalo QT longo congênito ou induzido por fármacos, cujo eletrocardiograma possui aspecto de “torção das pontas” e os sinais e sintomas característicos são síncope, palpitação ou mesmo evolução para fibrilação ventricular e morte súbita. O sexo mais frequentemente acometido é o feminino, o diagnóstico se baseia no eletrocardiograma e o tratamento preconizado é o sulfato de magnésio (MgSO4) intravenoso, a correção dos distúrbios eletrolíticos, principalmente a hipocalemia e o tratamento da causa base, na TdP farmacoinduzida. O objetivo do estudo é analisar os casos de Síndrome de Torsades de Pointes em pacientes com alterações do intervalo QT no eletrocardiograma. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, do tipo quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas do PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane Library como bases de dados para seleção dos artigos, todos na língua inglesa. Foram utilizadas literaturas publicadas com recorte temporal de 2017 a 2022. De acordo com as literaturas analisadas, conclui-se que a TdP é uma taquiarritmia ventricular polimórfica com um mau prognóstico se não tratada precocemente com o MgSO4 intravenoso e, por ter diversas etiologias, é primordial que o diagnóstico preciso seja estabelecido de forma rápida, devido ao alto índice de mortalidade. Pacientes portadores da síndrome do QT longo congênita, bradicardia sinusal e bloqueio atrioventricular de 1º grau possuem predisposição para o desenvolvimento de TdP. Observa-se escassez na literatura a respeito das formas adequadas de prevenção da TdP, já que muitos pacientes que participam das triagens, muitas das vezes inefetivas, adquirem a síndrome após o uso de drogas que a predispõem, com prolongamento do intervalo QT, ou não sabem que possuem uma SQTL pré-existente, obrigatória para o desenvolvimento da TdP

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author