Inducción de la muda de gallinas ponedoras mediante el uso de alimentos bajos en energía y proteína: efectos en la producción y en la calidad del huevo postmuda

La inducción de la muda en gallinas ponedoras mediante la supresión total del alimento sólido está prohibida en la UE por perjudicar el bienestar de la gallina y su sistema inmunitario. Por ello, es necesario estudiar alternativas (sin ayuno) que logren una adecuada pérdida de peso vivo para que la puesta cese rápidamente, su tract o reproductor se “rejuvenezca”, y la producción de huevos se reanude rápida y satisfactoriamente, con una mínima mortalidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la eficacia con que tres alimentos (salvado de trigo, cebada y un pienso comercial suministrado en cantidad restringida) podían inducir la muda en ponedoras de dos estirpes genéticas, y analizar comparativamente los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos obtenidos, tanto por estirpe como por tratamiento. La muda se indujo a 216 gallinas de una estirpe ligera y a 216 gallinas de estirpe semipesada. Las gallinas se alojaron en bloques de 3 jaulas con 4 aves por jaula, con 18 réplicas por estirpe y 12 réplicas por tratamiento. El salvado y la cebada causaron el cese de la puesta más rápidamente (dí as 7 y 9 desde el inicio de la muda; respectivamente) que el pienso restringido (día14) (P<0,001). La producción de huevos durante la muda fue mayor con pienso restringido ( P < 0,001) y también mayor en las semipesadas (28,1%) que en las ligeras ( 18,9%). Tras la muda, las gallinas ligeras tuvieron mayor producción (73,1%) que las semipesadas (70,8%) , aunque un peso medio del huevo inferior (69,8 vs 70,7 g). El salvado dio lugar a una mayor IP (74,6%) pero el peso del huevo fue inferior (69,7 g). Todos los parámetros cualitativos analizados presentaron diferencias significativas entre gallinas ligeras y semipesadas, de uno u otro signo. En cambio, el alimento utilizado para inducir la muda no influyó en la calidad del huevo tras la muda

Characterization of the cardiac ganglion in the crab Neohelice granulata and immunohistochemical evidence of GABA-like extrinsic regulation

The aim of the present work is to provide an anatomical description of the cardiac system in the crab Neohelice granulata and evidence of the presence of GABA by means of immunohistochemistry. The ganglionic trunk was found lying on the inner surface of the heart's dorsal wall. After dissection, this structure appeared as a Y-shaped figure with its major axis perpendicular to the major axis of the heart. Inside the cardiac ganglion, we identified four large neurons of 63.7 μm ± 3.7 in maximum diameter, which were similar to the motor neurons described in other decapods. All the GABA-like immunoreactivity (GABAi) was observed as processes entering mainly the ganglionic trunk and branching in slender varicose fibers, forming a network around the large neurons suggesting that GABAi processes contact them. Our findings strengthen previous results suggesting that the GABAergic system mediates the cardio-inhibitory response upon sensory stimulation.Fil: Yang, Margarita.Fil: Carbo, Martin.Fil: Freudenthal, Ramiro A. M..Fil: Hermitte, Gabriela

Efecto de la densidad de gallinas por jaula y de la estirpe sobre la producción y la calidad del huevo

La nueva normativa de la UE referida al bienestar de las gallinas ponedoras exige, en sus alojamientos, una superficie útil (S.U.) por gallina muy superior a la que es habitual fuera de sus fronteras. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la influencia de una S.U. inferior a la indicada en la normativa UE sobre los resultados productivos. La población estudiada fue de 1008 gallinas ponedoras, 504 de estirpe semi pesada y 504 de estirpe ligera, alojadas en 168 jaulas (84 por estirpe), dispuestas en 8 filas, a razón de 4 y 5 gallinas/jaula (571,5 Y 457,2 cm2/ave, respectivamente). Las gallinas alojadas con una mayor densidad produjeron huevos de mayor peso medio (64,8 vs 63,6 g; P=0,012) y, por ende, también un mayor porcentaje de huevos de gramaje elevado (XL), de más de 73 g (12,3 vs 8,96%; P=0,0015). También se observó el mismo efecto en las gallinas semi pesadas (64,8 vs 63,5 g; P=0,03), con un porcentaje de huevos XL superior al doble (15,3 vs 7,11 %; P<0,001). No hubo diferencias en la intensidad de puesta media a lo largo de la puesta. El color de la yema tendió a ser más elevado en las gallinas alojadas con mayor densidad (10,1 vs 9,74). Las gallinas ligeras mostraron una mejor calidad de albumen (95,1 U Haugh vs 92,1; P<0,001) y menos color de la yema (9,55 vs 10,3; P<0,001). No hubo efecto de la densidad sobre la mortalidad, siendo ésta de un 10% en las gallinas que dispusieron de menos espacio, frente al 7,81

Efecto de la estirpe y del tratamiento de muda en la interrupción de la puesta y la recuperación productiva posterior

La inducción de la muda en gallinas ponedoras, mediante la supresión total del alimento sólido, está prohibida en la UE. Por ello, es necesario estudiar sistemas alternativos que, logrando los mismos efectos, no causen en el ave una sensación de hambre que perjudique significativamente su bienestar. El objetivo es conseguir que la gallina experimente una adecuada pérdida de peso vivo para que la puesta cese rápidamente, su tracto reproductor se "rejuvenezca", restableciéndose la producción de huevos lo más rápida y satisfactoriamente posible, con una mínima mortalidad. En este trabajo se han utilizado 216 gallinas de una estirpe ligera (Hy-Line) y otras 216 gallinas semipesadas (Lohmann Brown), induciéndoles la muda con 3 alimentos diferentes: salvado de trigo, cebada y un pienso comercial suministrado en cantidad restringida. Las gallinas se alojaron en grupos de 4 aves por jaula, con 18 réplicas por estirpe y alimento. El salvado y cebada causaron el cese de la puesta más rápidamente (días 7 y 9 desde el inicio de la muda; respectivamente), que el pienso restringido (día14) (P<0,001). La intensidad de puesta en el día 30 desde el inicio de la inducción a la muda fue similar entre tratamientos (33,3%), pero mayor (P < 0,001) en las semipesadas (42,6%) que en las ligeras (23,9%). La mortalidad fue nula durante la muda y sólo en el segundo ciclo de puesta la estirpe tuvo un efecto significativo sobre este parámetro (19,04% en ligeras vs 5,09 en semipesadas; P<0,001

Electrochemical characterization of biodeterioration of paint films containing cadmium yellow pigment

[EN] The voltammetry of microparticles (VMP) methodology was used to characterize the biological attack of different bacteria and fungi to reconstructed egg tempera and egg linseed oil emulsion paint films containing cadmium yellow (CdS), which mimic historical painting techniques. When these paint films are in contact with aqueous acetate buffer, different cathodic signals are observed. As a result of the crossing of VMP data with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), these voltammetric signals can be associated with the reduction of CdS and different complexes associated to the proteinaceous and fatty acid fractions of the binders. After biological attack with different fungi (Acremonium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor rouxii, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Trichoderma pseudokoningii) and bacteria (Arthrobacter oxydans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Streptomyces cellulofans), the observed electrochemical signals experience specific modifications depending on the binder and the biological agent, allowing for an electrochemical monitoring of biological attack.Financial support from the MINECO Projects CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P and CTQ2014-53736-C3-2-P which are supported with ERDF funds is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also wish to thank Dr. José Luis Moya López, Mr. Manuel Planes Insausti, and Mrs. Alicia Nuez Inbernón (Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politècnica de València) for technical support.Ortiz-Miranda, A.; Domenech Carbo, A.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Osete Cortina, L.; Valle-Algarra, FM.; Bolivar Galiano, F.; Martin Sanchez, I.... (2016). 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University of LisbonStrzelczyk AB (2004) Observations on aesthetic and structural changes induced in polish historic objects by microorganisms. Int Biodeter Biodegr. 53:151–156López-Miras M, Piñar G, Romero-Noguera J, Bolivar-Galiano FC, Ettenauer J, Sterflinger K, Martín-Sánchez I (2013) Microbial communities adhering to the obverse and reverse sides of an oil painting on canvas: identification and evaluation of their biodegradative potential. Aerobiologia 29:301–314Koszewski A, Rymuza Z, Reuther F (2008) Evaluation of nanomechanical, nanotribological and adhesive properties of ultrathin polymer resist film by AFM. Micro Engn 85:1189–1192Schabereiter-Gurtner C, Piñar G, Lubitz W, Rölleke S (2001) An advanced molecular strategy to identify bacterial communities on art objects. J Microbiol Meth 45:77–87Florian MLE (1996) The role of the conidia of fungi in fox spots. 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Relación óptima de metionina+cistina/lisina digestibles en gallinas isa Brown de 34 a 42 semanas de edad.

Los trabajos previos en los que se han estudiado las recomendaciones de metionina+cistina para gallinas ponedoras son muy numerosos, pero los resultados obtenidos presentan una gran variabilidad y, en algunos casos, son contradictorios. Esta variabilidad se explica por las condiciones en las que se ha realizado el estudio, la edad de las gallinas, la genética y el parámetro a optimizar. En este sentido, Novak et al. (2004) observaron que las necesidades totales de metionina+cistina eran mayores para maximizar el peso del huevo que para optimizar la producción de huevos o la eficacia alimenticia. Estas diferencias fueron menos importantes entre las 20 y 43 semanas (8%), que de las 44 a las 63 semanas de edad (16%). Además, las recomendaciones para optimizar la producción y el peso del huevo fueron un 17% y 11% mayores, respectivamente, en el primer periodo con respecto al segundo. Por el contrario, Waldroup y Hellwig (1995) encontraron que las necesidades totales de metionina+cistina para optimizar la producción y masa de huevo fueron más elevadas (12 y 10%, respectivamente) de 51 a 71 semanas de edad que de 25 a 45. Cuando las recomendaciones se expresan en unidades digestibles, el rango de necesidades de metionina+cistina digestibles con respecto a lisina digestible varía desde un 81 a un 107% (81%: Coon and Zhang, 1999; 90%: FEDNA, 2008; 91%: Rostagno et al., 2005; 93%: CVB, 1996; 94%: Bregendahl et al., 2008; 99%: Brumano et al., 2010a; 100%: Cupertino et al., 2009; Brumano et al., 2010a; 101%: Brumano et al., 2010b; 107%: Schmidt et al., 2009). Como consecuencia de esta alta variabilidad, es necesario seguir investigando sobre cuál sería el ratio óptimo metionina+cistina/lisina digestible para optimizar los rendimientos de gallinas ponedoras. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las necesidades óptimas de metionina+cistina digestibles con respecto a lisina digestible de gallinas Isa Brown desde las 34 a las 42 semanas de eda

Los aminoácidos azufrados mejoran la eficacia de utilización del pienso.

Las recomendaciones de metronina+ostina obtenidas a partir de diferentes estudios presentan una gran variabilidad, por lo que es necesario investigar cuál es la relación óptima metronina+ostina /lisina digestible para optimizar los rendimientos de gallinas ponedoras

Along-strike segmentation in the northern Caribbean plate boundary zone (Hispaniola sector): Tectonic implications

Highlights • Along-strike variations of tectonic framework in northeastern Caribbean margin are studied. • Shallow plate boundary structure related to the slab geometry has been defined. • First-order fault systems and its associated features have been mapped along the margin. Abstract The North American (NOAM) plate converges with the Caribbean (CARIB) plate at a rate of 20.0 ± 0.4 mm/yr. towards 254 ± 1°. Plate convergence is highly oblique (20–10°), resulting in a complex crustal boundary with along-strike segmentation, strain partitioning and microplate tectonics. We study the oblique convergence of the NOAM and CARIB plates between southeastern Cuba to northern Puerto Rico using new swath multibeam bathymetry data and 2D multi-channel seismic profiles. The combined interpretation of marine geophysical data with the seismicity and geodetic data from public databases allow us to perform a regional scale analysis of the shallower structure, the seismotectonics and the slab geometry along the plate boundary. Due to differential rollback between the NOAM oceanic crust north of Puerto Rico and the relative thicker Bahamas Carbonate Province crust north of Hispaniola a slab tear is created at 68.5°W. The northern margin of Puerto Rico records the oblique high-dip subduction and rollback of the NOAM plate below the island arc. Those processes have resulted in a forearc transpressive tectonics (without strain partitioning), controlled by the Septentrional-Oriente Fault Zone (SOFZ) and the Bunce Fault Zone (BFZ). Meanwhile, in the northern margin of Hispaniola, the collision of the Bahamas Carbonate Province results in high plate coupling with strain partitioning: SOFZ and Northern Hispaniola Deformed Belt (NHDB). In the northern Haitian margin, compression is still relevant since seismicity is mostly associated with the deformation front, whereas strike slip earthquakes are hardly anecdotal. Although in Hispaniola intermediate-depth seismicity should disappear, diffuse intermediate-depth hypocenter remains evidencing the presence of remnant NOAM subducted slab below central and western Hispaniola. Results of this study improve our understanding of the active tectonics in the NE Caribbean that it is the base for future assessment studies on seismic and tsunamigenic hazard

What are the driving forces of bank competition across different income groups of countries?

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.This paper rigorously investigates the determinants of bank competition for 146 countries over the sample period 1999–2011. The results employing both the Lerner index and the Boone indicator, reveal the distinctive characteristics of the competition drivers across different income groups of countries. Amongst other things, a concentrated banking system jeopardises competitiveness in developing economies, however, such a causal nexus is absent for advanced and emerging economies. Contestability and institutional development seem to boost competition in less-developed banking systems, whereas inter-industry competition and financial freedom are beneficial to advanced banking systems. These findings survive robustness tests

Configuration Complexities of Hydrogenic Atoms

The Fisher-Shannon and Cramer-Rao information measures, and the LMC-like or shape complexity (i.e., the disequilibrium times the Shannon entropic power) of hydrogenic stationary states are investigated in both position and momentum spaces. First, it is shown that not only the Fisher information and the variance (then, the Cramer-Rao measure) but also the disequilibrium associated to the quantum-mechanical probability density can be explicitly expressed in terms of the three quantum numbers (n, l, m) of the corresponding state. Second, the three composite measures mentioned above are analytically, numerically and physically discussed for both ground and excited states. It is observed, in particular, that these configuration complexities do not depend on the nuclear charge Z. Moreover, the Fisher-Shannon measure is shown to quadratically depend on the principal quantum number n. Finally, sharp upper bounds to the Fisher-Shannon measure and the shape complexity of a general hydrogenic orbital are given in terms of the quantum numbers.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, accepted i