Conformal cooling analysis for a complex piece in Moldflow

openIl raffreddamento conforme (Conformal cooling, CC) ha il potenziale per definire il futuro dello stampaggio a iniezione e della produzione di stampi. Creando canali CC che seguono la geometria del pezzo, gli ingegneri possono ottimizzare molto più facilmente le linee di raffreddamento. I risultati sono costi ridotti e maggiori profitti. Il seguente lavoro fa parte di un progetto più ampio (S4PLAST- "Sustainable Plastics Advanced solutions") dove, in collaborazione con l'azienda Erofio, si stanno studiando soluzioni alla necessità di simulazioni più accurate dello stampaggio ad iniezione di parti con sistemi CC complessi. Essendo CC una tecnologia relativamente nuova, i software di simulazione sono ancora in fase di sviluppo. Questo progetto di tesi è pensato per aiutare Erofio a simulare le fasi iniziali dello sviluppo di nuovi pezzi con geometria complessa. L'intento principale è quello di studiare le possibili modalità di importazione in Moldflow di geometrie e dati già esistenti, cercare di eseguire ed eventualmente correggere errori nell'analisi e, infine, ottenere risultati che possano essere utilizzati per lo sviluppo delle condizioni di produzione ottimali. Questo progetto ha quindi lo scopo di comprendere i limiti dell'analisi in Moldflow di sistemi che richiedono CC. Questa tesi approfondisce lo studio di fattibilità dell'analisi Moldflow su sistemi che richiedono CC, al fine tentare di simulare questi canali in modo più vicino possibile alla realtà. Questo progetto definisce che è possibile simulare il processo di stampaggio a iniezione per pezzi complessi che richiedono circuiti CC in Moldflow. Tuttavia, il software sembra essere ancora in fase di sviluppo per la simulazione di sistemi CC, con grossi problemi soprattutto nella procedura di importazione. Per quanto riguarda il pezzo fornito dall'azienda, i risultati dell'analisi Moldflow suggeriscono che non è possibile produrre il pezzo con le geometrie e l'insieme di parametri forniti.CC will define the future of injection molding and mold manufacturing. By creating CC channels that follow the unique geometry of an injection molded part, engineers can better optimize their cooling lines. The results are reduced costs and increased profits. The following work is part of a bigger project (S4PLAST- "Sustainable Plastics Advanced solutions) where, in collaboration with the Erofio company, the need for more accurate injection molding simulation of parts with complex CC systems is being assessed. Being CC a relatively new technology, software programs are still under development. This thesis project is intended to simulate the initial steps of the development of new complex pieces. The main goal is to study the possible ways to import already existing geometries and data into Moldflow, try to run and eventually correct errors and problems in the analysis, and in the end, obtain results that can be used for the development of the optimal production conditions. This project is intended to understand the limits of Moldflow analysis on systems that require CC. This thesis goes in-depth on the feasibility study of Moldflow analysis on systems that require CC in order to be able to simulate numerically the cooling system as close to reality as possible. This project determined that it is possible to simulate the injection molding process for complex pieces that require CC circuits in Moldflow. However, Moldflow seems to be in its infancy for the simulation of CC systems with major problems, especially when importing complex geometries. Regarding the company-provided piece, Moldflow analysis results suggest that it is not possible to produce the piece with the geometries and set of parameters given by the company

LIBS experiments for quantitative detection of retained fuel

Abstract Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) provides chemical information from atomic and ionic plasma emissions generated by laser vaporization of a sample. At the ENEA research center, in collaboration with IPPLM, an equipment has been set up to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the chemical composition of impurities deposited on Plasma Facing Components (PFC). The strength of the LIBS, for its capability of light elements detection, is fully exploited to determine the deuterium content since this element can be considered as the best choice proxy for tritium; the latter being is of great importance in assessing safe conditions to assure the continuous operation in nuclear fusion tokamak. Here we present the results of the Double Pulse LIBS (DP-LIBS) probing of deuterated samples with the simultaneous optical detection by medium-resolution and high-resolution spectrometer. Deuterium emission at 656.1 nm has been detected then the elemental composition has been quantified by applying the Calibration Free (CF) approach. The obtained results demonstrate that the DP-LIBS technique combined with CF analysis is suitable for the quantitative determination of tritium content inside the PFCs of next fusion devices like ITER

Detection by LIBS of the deuterium retained in the FTU toroidal limiter

In this paper the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) measurement of the deuterium (used as a proxy for tritium) retained in and the surface elemental composition of the FTU Mo (TZM) toroidal limiter tiles, carried out from remote (∼2.5 m) during short breaks of the operations or during machine maintenance, are reported. Single pulse technique has been used with the FTU vessel under high vacuum or in Nitrogen or Argon atmosphere. In vacuum experiments Dα and Hα lines have been detected with good resolution, while in Ar atmosphere (5 × 104 Pa) the two lines were partially overlapped due to Stark broadening. First results of measurements in N2 atmosphere (105 Pa) showed no presence of Dα and Hα lines. These measurements were also carried out for supporting the foreseen use of a robotic arm for an extended LIBS analysis of retained deuterium in the FTU vessel components. Keywords: LIBS, FTU tokamak, Toroidal limiter, Deuterium retentio

Statin-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy with concurrent myasthenia gravis

Statin treatment has been associated with necrotizing autoimmune myopathy and has been linked to myasthenia gravis. We present an unprecedented clinical challenge with both disorders occurring in a patient treated with statins few months earlier

Spectral database of Renaissance fresco pigments by LIBS, LIF and colorimetry

A set of about 70 fresco samples made with pigments and binders typical of the Renaissance period in Rome has been characterized by LIBS, LIF and colorimetric measurements in order to build an as much as possible complete database. Aiming at providing the restorers and art historians with a useful tool for the study of ancient frescoes, the samples have been prepared in agreement with the Cennino Cennini recipes for both materials and procedures. Afterward, the obtained spectral data have been processed by means of multivariate analysis methods in order to find the most significant features that can help in fast characterization and recognition of real unknown specimens

Real-time diagnosis of Historical Artworks by Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a powerful remote analysis tool that has been successfully applied to the real-time diagnosis of historical artworks, allowing the observation of features invisible to the naked eye, as pigment composition, biological attack and restoration technique. This paper presents a LIF-based optical radar and reports on the results of its deployment during a field campaign conducted in February 2010 in Seville, Spain

A multi-spectroscopic study for the characterization and definition of production techniques of German ceramic sherds

The aim of this archaeometric study is to recover information regarding technological processes and raw materials used for the production of ceramic sherds coming from five central and Eastern German sites, between Lower Saxony and Saxony states. The ceramic fragments have been investigated by a multi-spectroscopic approach: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were employed to characterize both ceramic bodies and glazes. Moreover the innovative application of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) on ceramic findings has been proposed and evaluated. Chemical and mineralogical composition, as well as microstructure, of ceramic mixture and glaze are correlated to native material composition and firing temperature, which have become a fundamental features in archaeometric research and play a key role in understanding the provenance of the pottery and its production techniques.The multi-spectroscopic approach applied in this work has enabled the ability to characterize the ceramic sherds and to investigate through non-destructive techniques both ceramic glaze and matrix giving information regarding the raw materials and pigments/colourants used, and regarding firing temperature and technology. The present study carried on using complementary methods suggests different raw material sources and temperature kilns. These data are in agreement with the location of ceramic sites and with data in literature. Furthermore, the interesting results suggest that non-destructive techniques, such as LIF and Raman spectroscopy, are promising methods for ceramic and glaze characterization. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Report on LIF measurements in Seville. Part 2: Santa Ana church

A scientific cooperation between ENEA UTAPRAD (Frascati) and the Natural Sciences Department of the “Pablo de Olavide” University in Seville, has started aimed at developing and testing innovative diagnostic instrumentation for Cultural Heritage preservation. Here we report the results obtained in a joint campaign carried on in Seville during February 2010 in the Santa Ana church in Seville (SP). Several wood paintings have been thoroughly investigated by means of Laser Induced Fluorescence scan system along the lines of the Research Pro ject “Non Destructive Techniques” managed by IAPH (Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía).The field activities, developed as part of a conservation project carried out by IPAH, were devoted to the determination of retouches, traces of former restorations and detection of chemicals (wax, consolidants, etc.) on the surface under analysis not otherwise documented

Report on LIF measurements in Seville. Part 1: Virgen del Buen Aire chapel

Within the frame of a scientific cooperation between ENEA UTAPRAD (Frascati) and UPO Natural Sciences Dep. (Seville), aimed at developing and testing innovative diagnostic instrumentation for Cultural Heritage preservation, this report deals with results obtained in a joint campaign carried on in Seville during February 2010. Namely the data acquired by the ENEA LIF scanning system operated on fresco’s in Virgen del Buen Aire Chapel are presented here. The Virgen del Buen Aire Chapel has been studied according to the Research Project of “Non Destructive Techniques” managed by IAPH (Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía). The results have been also implemented as part of a conservation project carried out by IAPH. LIF images are discussed in term of evaluating former restoration actions, in particular retouches on pigments and consolidant additions on a painted wall and two vaults. Statistical approaches and projection operators have been utilized for elaborating the images in order to handle the large number of spectra collected in each scanned point by our hyper-spectral system

Plasma–wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium : progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification

The provision of a particle and power exhaust solution which is compatible with first-wall components and edge-plasma conditions is a key area of present-day fusion research and mandatory for a successful o peration of ITER and DEMO. The work package plasma-facing components (WP PFC) within the European fusion programme complements with laboratory experiments, i.e. in linear plasma devices, electron and ion beam loading f acilities, the studies performed in toroidally confined magnetic devices, such as JET, ASDEX Upgrade, WEST etc. The connection of both groups is done via common physics and engineering studies, including the qualificat ion and specification of plasma-facing components, and by modelling codes that simulate edge-plasma conditions and the plasma–material interaction as well as the study of fundamental processes. WP PFC addresses these c ritical points in order to ensure reliable and efficient use of conventional, solid PFCs in ITER (Be and W) and DEMO (W and steel) with respect to heat-load capabilities (transient and steady-state heat and particle lo ads), lifetime estimates (erosion, material mixing and surface morphology), and safety aspects (fuel retention, fuel removal, material migration and dust formation) particularly for quasi-steady-state conditions. Alter native scenarios and concepts (liquid Sn or Li as PFCs) for DEMO are developed and tested in the event that the conventional solution turns out to not be functional. Here, we present an overview of the activities with an emphasis on a few key results: (i) the observed synergistic effects in particle and heat loading of ITER-grade W with the available set of exposition devices on material properties such as roughness, ductility and m icrostructure; (ii) the progress in understanding of fuel retention, diffusion and outgassing in different W-based materials, including the impact of damage and impurities like N; and (iii), the preferential sputtering of Fe in EUROFER steel providing an in situ W surface and a potential first-wall solution for DEMO.Peer reviewe