94 research outputs found

    A SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF IDIOMS:SOME ANTHROPOLINGUISTIC SKETCHES

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    An idiom is acknowledged to be a sequence of words functioning as a single unit whose meaning cannot be inferred from the meaning of the parts. In the repertoire of any language, idiomatic expressions constitute a special category of lexical items presenting a fixed structure and a specific behaviour in language use. Proverbs, frozen similes, aphorisms, binomials, sayings, etc., are spontaneous manifestations of colloquial language whose use needs to be mastered in much the same way as individual lexical items. Idioms though, display greater rigidity and structural complexity than individual words, which makes them uncomfortable elements in any theory of language. The fact that they are ready-made structures with small range, if any, for variability, accounts no doubt for their subsidiary role in second language learning. Yet they deserve much closer attention as they constitute categories that permeate languages at a much deeper leve1 than what is usually taken for granted. In this paper, we question the exocentric character of some types of idioms (proverbs and sayings in particular) and discuss several examples of Spanish and English idioms within an anthropolinguistic framework in an attempt to foreground some aspects that are to be taken into account not just in a learning context but also in translation practice.Es bien sabido que el modismo es una secuencia de palabras que funciona autónomamente y cuyo significado no es inferible de sus partes constituyentes. En el repertorio de toda lengua las expresiones idiomáticas forman una categoría autónoma que presenta una estructura fija y un comportamiento específico. Proverbios, aforismos, refranes, dichos, etc., son manifestaciones espontáneas del lenguaje coloquial que requieren un aprendizaje similar al de cualquier lexema. Las expresiones idiomáticas se caracterizan, sin embargo, por una rigidez y una complejidad estructural mayores que las palabras individuales, lo que les hace ser elementos incómodos en cualquier teoría del lenguaje. Por otra parte, el hecho de que se trate de estructuras cuasi-rígidas, dado el escaso margen de variación que presentan, hace que sean consideradas como elementos secundarios en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. Sin embargo, entendemos que merecen una mayor atención puesto que constituyen categorías que impregnan los sistemas lingüísticos a niveles más profundos de lo que normalmente se piensa. Partiendo de. un deslinde conceptual entre modismo y dicho, lo que nos da pie para cuestionar su naturaleza exclusivamente exocéntrica, abordamos desde una perspectiva antropolingüística diversos ejemplos tanto en inglés como en español con el fin de poner de relieve distintos aspectos interculturales que han de ser tenidos en cuenta tanto desde una perspectiva didáctica como en el plano de la traducción

    The universal accesibility in the Spanish constitucional framework

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    El trabajo aborda la delimitación conceptual y el alcance de la idea de accesibilidad universal en el ámbito normativo español, tomando como referencia una comprensión de la discapacidad desde lo que ha sido denominado como modelo social (lo que implica situar la reflexión en el discurso de los derechos humanos). De esta forma, se analizan y exponen las distintas configuraciones jurídicas posibles de la accesibilidad desde el marco constitucional español. Finalmente se exponen algunos referentes desde los que solucionar conflictos en materia de accesibilidad

    Aerostack2: A Software Framework for Developing Multi-robot Aerial Systems

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    In recent years, the robotics community has witnessed the development of several software stacks for ground and articulated robots, such as Navigation2 and MoveIt. However, the same level of collaboration and standardization is yet to be achieved in the field of aerial robotics, where each research group has developed their own frameworks. This work presents Aerostack2, a framework for the development of autonomous aerial robotics systems that aims to address the lack of standardization and fragmentation of efforts in the field. Built on ROS 2 middleware and featuring an efficient modular software architecture and multi-robot orientation, Aerostack2 is a versatile and platform-independent environment that covers a wide range of robot capabilities for autonomous operation. Its major contributions include providing a logical level for specifying missions, reusing components and sub-systems for aerial robotics, and enabling the development of complete control architectures. All major contributions have been tested in simulation and real flights with multiple heterogeneous swarms. Aerostack2 is open source and community oriented, democratizing the access to its technology by autonomous drone systems developers

    Vehiculización de compuestos efectivos frente al Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC)

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    En este proyecto, “Vehiculización de compuestos efectivos frente al Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC)”, se ha pretendido por una parte estudiar el comportamiento de las nanopartículas de oro modificadas y no modificadas con galactosa en su superficie (AuNPGal y AuNPTris respectivamente). Los estudios realizados ofreciendo los dos tipos de AuNPs a tres tipos celulares diferentes, nos han permitido validar un método de detección de la cantidad de AuNPs que son incorporadas a las células tras realizar experimentos paralelos de citometría de flujo y microscopía. Así se ha determinado que la modificación con galactosa es necesaria para la correcta entrada de nanopartículas a la célula, ya que en caso contrario las nanopartículas quedan absorbidas en la superficie celular. Aunque parece que los datos indican que las AuNPGal entrarían a la célula utilizando los receptores de galactosa, no se ha podido concluir de forma clara el mecanismo de entrada y se están llevando a cabo estudios que lo determinen. Por otra parte se ha pretendido validar la estrategia de vehiculización de los compuestos antivirales previamente identificados en el grupo de investigación, (OAVx) utilizando ciclodextrinas. Aunque la formación de complejos OAVx-Ciclodextrinas no ha sido posible de cuantificar mediante absorbancia, utilizando calorimetría isotérmica de titulación de determinaron las constantes de unión y los parámetros termodinámicos de la formación d complejos. Mediante el uso de un algoritmo gratuito en la red, se ha obtenido una simulación que nos permite tanto visualizar los grupos funcionales a través de los cuales se produce la interacción como cuantificar la superficie del compuesto que interacciona. Una vez formados los complejos, se ha determinado la actividad antiviral de los mismos, utilizando líneas celulares que portan un sistema en el que se mimetiza el ciclo de replicación del virus de la hepatitis C. Ha sido posible rescatar compuestos que aunque habían sido seleccionados por su demostrada eficacia in vitro, no lo hacían a nivel celular. Este proyecto máster ha contribuido de forma importante al desarrollo del proyecto global en el que se enmarca. Los datos obtenidos con las AuNPs permiten seleccionar el tipo de nanopartícula al que se le unirá la CDx (tras su modificación química correspondiente) y posteriormente se formará el complejo con el compuesto OAV de interés

    LUT saving in embedded FPGAs for cache locking in real-time systems

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    [EN] In recent years, cache locking have appeared as a solution to ease the schedulability analysis of real-time systems using cache memories maintaining, at the same time, similar performance improvements than regular cache memories. New devices for the embedded market couple a processor and a programmable logic device designed to enhance system flexibility and increase the possibilities of customisation in the field. This arrangement may help to improve the use of cache locking in real-time systems. This work proposes the use of this embedded programmable logic device to implement a logic function that provides the cache controller the information it needs in order to determine if a referenced main memory block has to be loaded and locked into the cache; we have called this circuit a Locking State Generator. Experiments show the requirements in terms of number of hardware resources and a way to reduce them and the circuit complexity. This reduction ranges from 50% up to 80% of the number of hardware resources originally needed to build the Locking State Generator circuit.This work has been partially supported by PAID-06-11/2055 of Universitat Politecnica de València and TIN2011-28435- C03-01 of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion.Martí Campoy, A.; Rodríguez Ballester, F.; Ors Carot, R. (2013). LUT saving in embedded FPGAs for cache locking in real-time systems. International Journal On Advances in Systems and Measurements. 6(1-2):190-199. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/46758S19019961-

    Experiencias en innovación docente: aspectos positivos y negativos de un caso real

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    Este trabajo presenta los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas por los profesores de la asignatura Microprocesadores y Computadores tras cinco años de aplicar metodologías docentes que tratan de mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje de los alumnos. Durante este periodo se han aplicado metodologías poco habituales, tanto para la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades por parte de los alumnos, como en la evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje. Simultáneamente, se ha consultado a los alumnos sobre la idoneidad de la organización de la asignatura, y la satisfacción al cursar la misma. El resultado de esta consulta, basada en una serie de cuestionarios y en conversaciones directas con los alumnos, ha permitido identificar los aspectos positivos y negativos de la utilización de metodologías poco habituales. El éxito o fracaso de la experiencia depende de múltiples factores, y este trabajo pone de manifiesto que algunos de estos factores son externos a la asignatura. Además de los alumnos, el profesorado, y los contenidos y organización de la propia asignatura, existen otros agentes, como el departamento, el centro o los planes de estudio que condicionan y pueden determinar la aceptación, y por tanto, la utilidad de las innovaciones planteadas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que innovar en la docencia tiene sus riesgos, especialmente cuando no se realiza en un entorno favorable, en el que priman otros aspectos aparte de los meramente docentes

    Molecular Context-Dependent Effects Induced by Rett Syndrome-Associated Mutations in MeCP2

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    Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a transcriptional regulator and a chromatin-binding protein involved in neuronal development and maturation. Loss-of-function mutations in MeCP2 result in Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder that is the main cause of mental retardation in females. MeCP2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) constituted by six domains. Two domains are the main responsible elements for DNA binding (methyl-CpG binding domain, MBD) and recruitment of gene transcription/silencing machinery (transcription repressor domain, TRD). These two domains concentrate most of the RTT-associated mutations. R106W and R133C are associated with severe and mild RTT phenotype, respectively. We have performed a comprehensive characterization of the structural and functional impact of these substitutions at molecular level. Because we have previously shown that the MBD-flanking disordered domains (N-terminal domain, NTD, and intervening domain, ID) exert a considerable influence on the structural and functional features of the MBD (Claveria-Gimeno, R. et al. Sci Rep. 2017, 7, 41635), here we report the biophysical study of the influence of the protein scaffold on the structural and functional effect induced by these two RTT-associated mutations. These results represent an example of how a given mutation may show different effects (sometimes opposing effects) depending on the molecular context

    Influence of the disordered domain structure of MeCP2 on its structural stability and dsDNA interaction

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    Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a transcriptional regulator and a chromatin-associated structural protein. MeCP2 deregulation results in two neurodevelopmental disorders: MeCP2 dysfunction is associated with Rett syndrome, while excess of activity is associated with MeCP2 duplication syndrome. MeCP2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) constituted by six structural domains with variable, small percentage of well-defined secondary structure. Two domains, methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) and transcription repressor domain (TRD), are the elements responsible for dsDNA binding ability and recruitment of the gene transcription/silencing machinery, respectively. Previously we studied the influence of the completely disordered, MBD-flanking domains (N-terminal domain, NTD, and intervening domain, ID) on the structural and functional features of the MBD (Claveria-Gimeno, R. et al. Sci Rep. 2017, 7, 41,635). Here we report the biophysical study of the influence of the remaining domains (transcriptional repressor domain, TRD, and C-terminal domains, CTDα and CTDβ) on the structural stability of MBD and the dsDNA binding capabilities of MBD and ID. The influence of distant disordered domains on MBD properties makes it necessary to consider the NTD-MBD-ID variant as the minimal protein construct for studying dsDNA/chromatin binding properties, while the full-length protein should be considered for transcriptional regulation studies

    The intervening domain from MeCP2 enhances the DNA affinity of the methyl binding domain and provides an independent DNA interaction site

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    Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) preferentially interacts with methylated DNA and it is involved in epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodelling. Mutations in MeCP2 are linked to Rett syndrome, the leading cause of intellectual retardation in girls and causing mental, motor and growth impairment. Unstructured regions in MeCP2 provide the plasticity for establishing interactions with multiple binding partners. We present a biophysical characterization of the methyl binding domain (MBD) from MeCP2 reporting the contribution of flanking domains to its structural stability and dsDNA interaction. The flanking disordered intervening domain (ID) increased the structural stability of MBD, modified its dsDNA binding profile from an entropically-driven moderate-affinity binding to an overwhelmingly enthalpically-driven high-affinity binding. Additionally, ID provided an additional site for simultaneously and autonomously binding an independent dsDNA molecule, which is a key feature linked to the chromatin remodelling and looping activity of MeCP2, as well as its ability to interact with nucleosomes replacing histone H1. The dsDNA interaction is characterized by an unusually large heat capacity linked to a cluster of water molecules trapped within the binding interface. The dynamics of disordered regions together with extrinsic factors are key determinants of MeCP2 global structural properties and functional capabilities

    Giant Optical Polarization Rotation Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling in Polarons

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    We have uncovered a giant gyrotropic magneto-optical response for doped ferromagnetic manganite La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 around the near room-temperature paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition. At odds with current wisdom, where this response is usually assumed to be fundamentally fixed by the electronic band structure, we point to the presence of small polarons as the driving force for this unexpected phenomenon. We explain the observed properties by the intricate interplay of mobility, Jahn-Teller effect and spin-orbit coupling of small polarons. As magnetic polarons are ubiquitously inherent to many strongly correlated systems, our results provide an original, general pathway towards the generation of gigantic gyrotropic responses that can be harnessed for nonreciprocal devices that exploit the polarization of light
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