Epidemiología de las fracturas de cadera osteoporóticas en el área sanitaria de Badajoz en el año 2004.

Las fracturas de cadera constituyen la principal complicación de la osteoporosis. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar prospectivamente las fracturas osteoporóticas de cadera en el área sanitaria de Badajoz durante un año. Ocurrieron 222 fracturas, 181 mujeres y 41 hombres, con una edad media de 81+- 9 años. El 51,8% de los pacientes residían en Badajoz capital. Fueron más frecuentes las fracturas extracapsulares (60,4%) que las intracapsulares (39,6%). El 75,2% de las fracturas ocurrieron en el domicilio. Octubre, noviembre y marzo fueron los meses que ocurrieron mayor número de fracturas. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaban una o más patologías (93,2%), el 30% tenían antecedentes de fractura osteoporótica. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico en el 91,4% de los casos. La estancia media fue de 15+-7 días; la mortalidad intrahospitalaria del 7,2 %. Las fracturas osteoporóticas de cadera suponen un importante problema de salud pública, con una importante morbimortalidad asociada.Hip fractures are the main osteoporosis complica- tion. The purpose of this paper was to study prospectively hip osteoporotic fractures in Badajoz, Spain from 1 st March 2004 to 28 th February 2005. Patients with osteoporotic hip fractures were selected (older than fifty years, low energy injury and no more causes producing another pathologic fractures). The total number of fractures was 222, 181 women and 41 men; mean age 81 ± 9 years. Half of them, lived in Badajoz city (51,8%), meanwhile 48,2% lived in villages. Fractures were more often extracapsular (60,4%) than intracapsular (39,6%). Most of patients (75,2%) fell at home. The incidence was hig- her in October, November and March. Most of patients have another concomitant diseases (91,4%). The mean hospital stay was 15 ± 7 days. The hospital mortality was 7,2%. Hip osteoporotic fractures are an important problem of Public Health, and have a big morbidity and mortality

On the structure pf genealogical trees in the presence of selection

We investigate through numerical simulations the effect of selection on two summary statistics for nucleotide variation in a sample of two genes from a population of N asexually reproducing haploid individuals. One is the mean time since two individuals had their most recent common ancestor ($\bar{T_s}$), and the other is the mean number of nucleotide differences between two genes in the sample ($\bar{d_s}$). In the case of diminishing epistasis, in which the deleterious effect of a new mutation is attenuated, we find that the scale of $\bar{d_s}$ with the population size depends on the mutation rate, leading then to the onset of a sharp threshold phenomenon as N becomes large.Comment: 6 page

Fracturas intraoperatorias en las artroplastias totales de rodilla.

Revisamos tipos, mecanismo de producción, tratamiento y resultados de las fracturas intraoperatorias durante la realización de artroplastia total de rodilla. Tuvimos 18 fracturas de 2520 artroplastias, por artrosis en varo en 16 y en valgo en 2. La tibia se fracturó en la parte medial en 8 casos e inmediatemente medial a la tuberosidad tibial anterior en 4. El mecanismo de producción de fractura femoral fue al impactar el componente femoral o reducir los componentes; en la tibia, al realizar el hueco para la quilla o impactar el componente. El tratamiento fue: fijación con cemento solamente, fijación con agujas de Kirschner o tornillos. Se evitó cargar durante las siguientes 6-8 semanas, pero la rehabilitación comenzó inmediatamente. A los dos años o más de seguimiento no había diferencia con las artroplastias sin fractura.The purpose of this study was to review types, pro- duction mechanisms, treatment and results of ours intraope- rative fractures during primary total knee arthroplasty. We had 18 fractures in 2520 primary knee arthroplasties, 16 with varus deformities and valgus in another 2. One patient had corticoids, 15 had overweight and 2 morbid obesity. All implants were posterior stabilised. Type of fracture: 4 were of the medial femoral condyle and 2 lateral; the medial tibial condyle in 8 and on the anterior cortex medial to tibial tubero- sity in 4. Mechanism of injury in the femur was while impac- ting the components or when the trial reduction was perfor- med; in the tibia during the making of the keel house or meanwhile impacting the implants. Treatment: Cement, Kirschner wire or screws. Partial weight bearing was advised for 6-8 weeks. All fractures united. At the last follow-up of two or more years no complaints were found

Fracturas de la tibia proximal como complicación de la osteotomía tibial proximal valguizante.

Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo de 12 osteotomías valguizantes de tibia proximal en las que ocurrió fractura del fragmento proximal, de un total de 409 osteotomías realizadas en nuestro hospital para el tratamiento de la gonartrosis del compartimento medial. La fractura tuvo lugar en la meseta interna en 9 de ellas, en la eminencia intercondílea en 2 y en ambas mesetas tibiales en el caso restante. El mecanismo de producción fue el cierre de la osteotomía en 8 casos, la extensión de la línea de la osteotomía hacia un defecto en el cóndilo afectado en 2 y un fragmento proximal demasiado fino en otros 2. Todas las fracturas consolidaron en 6 semanas. Los resultados de la revisión fueron buenos en 8 y malos en 4 de ellos.We performed a retrospective study of 12 upper closing wedge valgus tibial osteotomies complicated with fracture of the proximal fragment, out of 409, with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The fracture occured on the medial condyle only in 8 knees, on the medial and lateral condyles in 1 knee and intercondyloid eminence in 2 knees. The mechanism of production were closing of the osteotomy in 8, osteotomy line extended into a defect of the affected condyle in 2, and a thin proximal fragment in 2. All fractures consolidated in six weeks. The clinical results at follow-up were good in 8 and bad in 4

Comparison between an integral and algebraic formulation for the eddy diffusivity using the Copenhagen experimental dataset

In this work an algebraic formulation to evaluate the eddy diffusivities in the Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) is derived. The expression depends on the turbulence properties (z height dependence) and the distance from the source. It is based on the turbulent kinetic energy spectra and Taylor’s statistical diffusion theory. It has been tested and compared through an experimental dataset, with another complex integral formulation taken from the literature. The Agreement between the complex integral formulation and simple algebraic expression points out that this new parameterization is valid and can be used as a surrogate for eddy diffusivities in the inhomogeneous convective turbulence present in the CBL. The validation shows that the proposed algebraic vertical eddy diffusivity is suitable for application in advanced air quality regulatory models

Efeito de níveis crescentes de nitrogênio na rentabilidade e risco da produção comercial de três cultivares de batata

During 1980 and 1981 two field trials with five nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha) in three potato cultivars (Achat, Aracy and Bintje) were conducted on a Dark-Red Latosol at the CNPH-EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil. The experimental design was a 5 x 3 factorial in randomized complete blocks with four replications. The average marketable production was affected by nitrogen. Aracy cultivar yielded better than Achat and Bintje. Higher nitrogen levels increased the class-1 tubers of 'Achat' and 'Bintje' and decreased for 'Aracy'. As far as profit and risk are concerned, 120 kg/ha of nitrogen was the best level for all the potato cultivars.  Nos anos de 1980 e 1981, foram ensaiadas, nas condições de campo, cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg/ha) em três cultivares de batata (Achat, Aracy e Bintje), utilizando-se um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE), argiloso, no CNPH-EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos distribuídos em um fatorial 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. A produção média de tubérculos comerciais foi influenciada pelo nitrogénio; a da cultivar Aracy excedeu as da 'Achat' e 'Bintje'. Níveis mais altos de nitrogênio tenderam a aumentar a produção de tubérculos classe 1 nas cultivares Achat e Bintje e a reduzi-la na 'Aracy'. Para as três cultivares, nos dois anos, 120 kg/ha de nitrogênio revelou-se como a melhor dose do ponto de vista de rentabilidade e risco

Presencia e influencia de sintomatología sugestiva de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en adultos con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria

Fundamento. La coexistencia de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es frecuente. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la presencia de sintomatología TDAH en pacientes adultos con TCA y evaluar posibles correlaciones entre ambas sintomatologías. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal en pacientes con TCA. Se cumplimentaron los cuestionarios Eating Attitudes Test de 40 ítems (EAT-40), Eating Disorder Inventory 3ª edición (EDI-3) y la versión abreviada del Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1). Aquellos pacientes con ≥12 puntos en ASRS v1.1 completaron el cuestionario Attention Déficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale 4ª edición (ADHD-RS IV). Resultados. El 42,6% de los 108 pacientes incluidos puntuaron ≥12 en el ASRS v1.1. Estos sujetos puntuaron más en bulimia y en algunas escalas de desajuste psicológico del EDI-3, y aquellos con conductas de atracón y/o purga puntuaron más en Trastornos psicobiológicos del EAT-40 y en Insatisfacción corporal y Riesgo de TCA del EDI-3. No hubo diferencias en ADHD-RS IV según fueran cuadros restrictivos puros (n=13) o compulsivo-purgativos (n=33). La sintomatología TDAH correlacionó más con la clínica alimentaria y con el desajuste psicológico general en los casos compulsivo-purgativos. Conclusiones. En población clínica con TCA son frecuentes los síntomas sugestivos de TDAH, más en cuadros con clínica compulsivo-purgativa pero no necesariamente más intensos. La correlación entre TDAH y TCA es mayor en cuadros compulsivo-purgativos. Los síntomas de TDAH conllevan mayor desajuste psicológico y mayor gravedad a nivel alimentario en los cuadros con sintomatología compulsivo-purgativa.Background. The coexistence of eating disorders (ED) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common. The aim of the study was to quantify the presence of ADHD symptoms in adult patients with ED and evaluate any possible correlation between both symptomatologies. Methods. Cross-sectional study of patients with ED. The following questionnaires were completed: the Eating Attitudes Test - 40 items (EAT-40), the Eating Disorder Inventory 3rd edition (EDI-3) and the abbreviated version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1). The patients who scored ≥12 points in ASRS v1.1 completed the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (4th edition, ADHD-RS IV). Results. 42.6% of the 108 patients scored ≥12 in the ASRS v1.1. These subjects scored higher in bulimia and in some scales of psychological maladjustment of the EDI-3, and those with binging and/or purging behaviours scored higher in Psychobiological disorders of the EAT-40 and in Body dissatisfaction and Eating disorder risk composite scales of the EDI-3. There were no differences in ADHD-RS IV between pure restrictive syndromes (n=13) and those with binging and/or purging behaviours (n=33). We found that, in cases with binge/purge symptoms, ADHD symptoms correlated higher with ED symptoms and with general psychological maladjustment. Conclusion. ADHD symptoms are common in the clinical population with ED, and more in groups with binge/purge symptoms although they are not necessarily more intense. The correlation between ADHD symptoms and ED is higher in cases with binging and/ or purging behaviours. ADHD symptoms involve more psychological maladjustment and more serious ED symptomatology in cases with binge/purge symptoms

Diversity and abundance of planktonic communities in the deep waters off the galician coast (NW Spain)

Comunicación oralPlanktonic communities play pivotal roles within marine ecosystems, affecting their structure, functioning and services. Although they have been extensively studied in the epipelagic ocean, the knowledge about these communities in the dark ocean is rather short. In this study, we explored patterns of abundance and biomass of a wide variety of taxonomic groups from the prokaryotes to mesozooplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic waters off the Galician coast. As expected, ciliate and zooplankton abundances are depleted in the bathypelagic waters relative to abundances of prokaryotes and nanoflagellates. The rate of decrease of zooplankton biomass with depth is twice as that of prokaryotes and nanoflagellates, indicating that relative contribution of mesozooplancton to the total plankton biomass decreases with depth. Overall, the diversity of prokaryotes in the dark ocean is almost as high as in the epipelagic layer, although the phylotypes are different. The major fraction of epipelagic ciliates belongs to alloricate genera, whereas tintinnids dominate the deep ciliate populations. Small copepods were dominant in the epi- and meso-pelagic zone. By contrast, foraminiferans, big copepods and myctophic fishes were more abundant in the deep ocean

Structure and Mechanism of Dimer-Monomer Transition of a Plant Poly(A)-Binding Protein upon RNA Interaction: Insights into Its Poly(A) Tail Assembly

Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) play crucial roles in mRNA biogenesis, stability, transport and translational control in most eukaryotic cells. Although animal PABPs are well-studied proteins, the biological role, three-dimensional structure and RNA-binding mode of plant PABPs remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we report the structural features and RNA-binding mode of a Citrus sinensis PABP (CsPABPN1). CsPABPN1 has a domain architecture of nuclear PABPs (PABPNs) with a single RNA recognition motif (RRM) flanked by an acidic N-terminus and a GRPF-rich C-terminus. The RRM domain of CsPABPN1 displays virtually the same three-dimensional structure and poly(A)-binding mode of animal PABPNs. However, while the CsPABPN1 RRM domain specifically binds poly(A), the full-length protein also binds poly(U). CsPABPN1 localizes to the nucleus of plant cells and undergoes a dimer–monomer transition upon poly(A) interaction. We show that poly(A) binding by CsPABPN1 begins with the recognition of the RNA-binding sites RNP1 and RNP2, followed by interactions with residues of the β2 strands, which stabilize the dimer, thus leading to dimer dissociation. Like human PABPN1, CsPABPN1 also seems to form filaments in the presence of poly(A). Based on these data, we propose a structural model in which contiguous CsPABPN1 RRM monomers wrap around the RNA molecule creating a superhelical structure that could not only shield the poly(A) tail but also serve as a scaffold for the assembly of additional mRNA processing factors

Description of diffusive and propagative behavior on fractals

The known properties of diffusion on fractals are reviewed in order to give a general outlook of these dynamic processes. After that, we propose a description developed in the context of the intrinsic metric of fractals, which leads us to a differential equation able to describe diffusion in real fractals in the asymptotic regime. We show that our approach has a stronger physical justification than previous works on this field. The most important result we present is the introduction of a dependence on time and space for the conductivity in fractals, which is deduced by scaling arguments and supported by computer simulations. Finally, the diffusion equation is used to introduce the possibility of reaction-diffusion processes on fractals and analyze their properties. Specifically, an analytic expression for the speed of the corresponding travelling fronts, which can be of great interest for application purposes, is derived