A socio-ecological assessment of land-based contamination and pollution: The Magdalena delta, Colombia

River mouth systems, such as estuaries and deltas are important earth system transitional zones linking the land and coastal marine systems. They funnel anthropogenic contaminants and pollutants from the activities in the river catchment into the marine environment. The present study is focused on the Magdalena River-mouth at Bocas de Ceniza where land-based contamination and pollution are important issues. These were subsequently analysed using an expanded DPSIR framework (Drivers Pressures, State, Impacts Responses). Based on export coefficients and secondary information, the loads of BOD, TSS, Nutrients and solid waste from different sources were identified and compared to prioritize their management within the study area. Findings suggest that contaminants generated in the study area may be insignificant compared to the inputs from the Magdalena River, but they can have a significant impact on the state of local ecosystems. Of all the sources analysed, agriculture and livestock are theoretically the largest contributors of nitrogen (i.e., 14.84 t d(-1) and 48.99 t d(-1)) and phosphorus (i.e., 5.90 t d(-1) and 19.46 t d(-1)) in the basin 'Direct to the Caribbean' and 'Cienaga de Mallorquin' (that altogether are identified as DtC+) and the 'Western bank of the lower Magdalena' (DtM-LM), respectively. In the case of BOD, domestic and industrial wastewaters contribute about 5.10 t d(-1) and 98.43 t d(-1) in the same basins. Contributions of faecal coliforms were more than 4 orders of magnitude higher in untreated wastewater, being 4.86 x10(16) NMP d(-1) and 1.78 x10(16) NMP d(-1) in the lower Magdalena and Caribbean catchments, respectively. Inadequately managed waste and plastic represent a serious problem for the Caribbean Basin. Solid waste generated within the study area and coming from the Magdalena basin and the Caribbean Sea, reaches the coast and deteriorates its visual quality, affects mangrove ecosystems, and generates impacts on coastal populations. By basin, the DtM-LM is where the greatest pollutant loads are generated. However, in terms of impact on human well-being, it is the DtC+ that bears the brunt where pressures are translated in impacts such as increased maintenance and cleaning cost of beaches, reduction or loss of tourism revenue, adverse health effects to vulnerable groups, reduce protection against natural hazards, increased living costs and loss of cultural values.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of the Magdalena River delta socio-ecological system through the circles of coastal sustainability framework

River-mouth systems and deltas are hotspots where many of the coastal syndromes can be found. Moreover, these systems provide essential ecosystem services (e.g., recreation, food provisioning, protection against natural hazards). The present study focuses on the socio-ecological system at the delta of the Magdalena River in the central Caribbean Region in Colombia. This research seeks to assess the multidimensional sustainability of the Magdalena river-mouth system (MRm-SES) to improve the knowledge basis for its integrated management. To do so, an assessment tool named "Circles of Coastal Sustainability" (CCS) was used to evaluate the system splitting it into four domains (environmental, social, economic and governance) that were divided into 5 categories each. These domains were evaluated through a total of 52 indicators distributed like this: 16 for the Environmental domain, 16 for the Economic domain, 12 for the Social and Cultural domain and, 8 for the Governance domain. The results show that the overall sustainability of the MRm-SES is classified as "Satisfactory." None of the domains is in "Excellent" or "Bad" conditions. However, the evaluation of the categories shows that four (4) of them have "Poor" conditions (i.e., Social Benefits, Demographics, Economic Security, and Resources Management). Hence, it is recommended to put those categories at the centre of the discussion to define management strategies (e.g., Preserving and restoring habitats; tackling sources of pollution and excessive sediment; local reduction of net Greenhouse Gas and adaptation to climate change; participation of local communities in the management design and implementation), without disregarding the interrelation with the other categories and dimensions. Finally, it is argued that despite all the improvement opportunities, the CCS is a valuable tool to evaluate and communicate with different stakeholders (academic community, managers and decision-makers, local communities, etc.), to improve the sustainability of coastal systems in Colombia and the world.European Commission Joint Research Centre586596-EPP-1-2017-1-IT-EPPKA1-JMD-MOB, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) LA/P/0069/2020,info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identificação do Paracoccidioides brasiliensis nas amostras de glândulas adrenais de dois doentes com paracoccidioidomicose e insuficiência adrenal

The authors report two cases of adrenal insufficiency secondary to infiltration of the adrenal glands by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The first patient had been treated for a chronic multifocal form of paracoccidiodomycosis 11 years ago. The diagnosis of the mycosis was done simultaneous with that of the adrenal insufficiency in the second patient. In both patients the diagnosis was done by direct visualization of fungus in adrenal biopsies. They were treated with hormonal supplements and itraconazol by 12 and six months, without relapses during the follow-up period.Os autores apresentam dois casos de insuficiência supra-renal secundária à infiltração das adrenais pelo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. O primeiro paciente tinha sido tratado de paracoccidioidomicose crônica multifocal 11 anos atrás. No segundo paciente, o diagnóstico da micose foi feito de forma simultânea com o da insuficiência adrenal. Em ambos os pacientes, o diagnóstico foi feito pela visualização direta do fungo nas biopsias adrenais. Eles foram tratados com suplementos hormonais com itraconazol por seis a 12 meses, sem recaídas durante o período de acompanhamento

Metodología multicriterio para la programación eficiente del cultivo de papa en una zona del departamento de Boyacá.

En Colombia el departamento de Boyacá es uno de los principales productores de tubérculos como la papa, siendo este el segundo departamento con mayor producción a nivel nacional de este producto. En Boyacá aún predomina una economía campesina de bajo impacto en la competitividad de la región y contribuye parcialmente a reducir los altos índices de pobreza presentes en la cotidianidad del departamento. Las explotaciones agropecuarias que actualmente vienen desarrollando los pequeños productores carecen de tecnología, asistencia técnica, planificación de siembras y controles fitosanitarios adecuados que inciden en los altos costos de producción, Adicionalmente, la falta de recursos económicos y una precaria presencia del Estado en muchas zonas se ve reflejado en una insuficiente infraestructura de riego y drenaje, como también en la falta de implementación de paquetes tecnológicos que mejoren los rendimientos, la rentabilidad y competitividad de este departamento. Este documento busca identificar los elementos que permitirán a los agricultores una mejor programación en el futuro, con el fin de generar un beneficio en cuanto a la calidad de la papa, el cuidado del suelo y la productividad del cultivo. Para ello se propone una metodología multicriterio basada en los elementos claves de su ciclo de producción y su entorno, evaluando el desempeño de la herramienta en un caso hipotético inspirado en el contexto de Boyacá. El modelo se distribuye en tres fases, en la fase inicial del modelo se hace una revisión de la literatura con el fin de determinar y caracterizar la zona del departamento seleccionada, se definen los criterios relevantes al caso y se determinan las alternativas a evaluar. Posteriormente se desarrolla la segunda fase, esta comprende la ejecución del modelo con su respectivo proceso de priorización tanto de los criterios como de las alternativas de acuerdo a la metodología Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) y por último, la tercera fase consiste en la presentación de los resultados arrojados por el modelo y las conclusiones aplicables al caso.PregradoINGENIERO(A) EN INDUSTRIA

Підвищення інвестиційної привабливості підприємств житлово-комунального господарства України на основі використання закордонного досвіду

Мета роботи - підвищення інвестиційної привабливості підприємств житлово-комунального господарства на основі можливостей використання закордонного досвіду реформування

Síntesis y caracterización de biovidrios de fosfato por el método pirólisis de aerosol en llama

Using the novel flame aerosol pyrolysis method (FSP), a calcium phosphate bioglass was synthesized for the first time in the P2O5-CaO-Na2O. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), the latter serving to follow in-vitro biomineralization kinetics for 15 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). Using XRD, the amorphous nature of the bioglass was validated by exhibiting the whitlockite phase.The DRIFTS analysis revealed the characteristic bands of the phosphate groups in a range of about 500 to 1400 cm-1. Respectively, the evolution of the phosphate bands in the samples submerged in SBF indicate the formation of apatite, a process that followed a pseudo-first-order Lagergren kinetics.Empleando el novedoso método pirólisis de aerosol en llama (FSP) se sintetizó por primera vez un biovidrio de fosfato de calcio en el sistema P2O5-CaO-Na2O. Las muestras obtenidas se caracterizaron mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) y espectroscopía infrarroja de reflectancia difusa  (DRIFTS), sirviendo esta última para seguir la cinética de biomineralización in-vitro durante 15 días en fluido corporal simulado (SBF). Mediante DRX se validó la naturaleza amorfa del biovidrio exhibiendo la fase whitlockita. El análisis DRIFTS reveló las bandas características de los grupos fosfatos en un rango de alrededor de los 500 a 1400 cm-1. Respectivamente, la evolución de las bandas de fosfatos en las muestras sumergidas en SBF indican la formación de apatita, proceso que siguió una cinética de pseudo- primer-orden de Lagergren. Using the novel flame aerosol pyrolysis method (FSP), a calcium phosphate bioglass was synthesized for the first time in the P2O5-CaO-Na2O. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), the latter serving to follow in-vitro biomineralization kinetics for 15 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). Using XRD, the amorphous nature of the bioglass was validated by exhibiting the whitlockite phase.The DRIFTS analysis revealed the characteristic bands of the phosphate groups in a range of about 500 to 1400 cm-1. Respectively, the evolution of the phosphate bands in the samples submerged in SBF indicate the formation of apatite, a process that followed a pseudo-first-order Lagergren kinetics

Propuesta en Supply Chain Management y Logística en la empresa CELSIA

El presente trabajo hace referencia a los temas abordados a lo largo del diplomado en cuanto al tema de supply chain management y logística aplicado a la empresa CELSIA.This paper makes reference to the topics addressed throughout the diploma in terms of supply chain management and logistics applied to the CELSIA company