LNCaP Atlas: Gene expression associated with in vivo progression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is no cure for castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) and the mechanisms underlying this stage of the disease are unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed the transcriptome of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells as they progress to CRPC <it>in vivo </it>using replicate LongSAGE libraries. We refer to these libraries as the LNCaP atlas and compared these gene expression profiles with current suggested models of CRPC.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three million tags were sequenced using <it>in vivo </it>samples at various stages of hormonal progression to reveal 96 novel genes differentially expressed in CRPC. Thirty-one genes encode proteins that are either secreted or are located at the plasma membrane, 21 genes changed levels of expression in response to androgen, and 8 genes have enriched expression in the prostate. Expression of 26, 6, 12, and 15 genes have previously been linked to prostate cancer, Gleason grade, progression, and metastasis, respectively. Expression profiles of genes in CRPC support a role for the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (<it>CCNH, CUEDC2, FLNA, PSMA7</it>), steroid synthesis and metabolism (<it>DHCR24, DHRS7</it>, <it>ELOVL5, HSD17B4</it>, <it>OPRK1</it>), neuroendocrine (<it>ENO2, MAOA, OPRK1, S100A10, TRPM8</it>), and proliferation (<it>GAS5</it>, <it>GNB2L1</it>, <it>MT-ND3</it>, <it>NKX3-1</it>, <it>PCGEM1</it>, <it>PTGFR</it>, <it>STEAP1</it>, <it>TMEM30A</it>), but neither supported nor discounted a role for cell survival genes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The <it>in vivo </it>gene expression atlas for LNCaP was sequenced and support a role for the androgen receptor in CRPC.</p

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

dentification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,717 T2D subjects, 3,345 with DKD. Promising association signals were evaluated in up to 26,827 subjects with T2D (12,710 with DKD). A combined T1D+T2D GWAS was performed using complementary data available for subjects with T1D, which, with replication samples, involved up to 40,340 subjects with diabetes (18,582 with DKD). Analysis of specific DKD phenotypes identified a novel signal near GABRR1 (rs9942471, P = 4.5 x 10(-8)) associated with microalbuminuria in European T2D case subjects. However, no replication of this signal was observed in Asian subjects with T2D or in the equivalent T1D analysis. There was only limited support, in this substantially enlarged analysis, for association at previously reported DKD signals, except for those at UMOD and PRKAG2, both associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that, despite challenges in addressing phenotypic heterogeneity, access to increased sample sizes will continue to provide more robust inference regarding risk variant discovery for DKD.Peer reviewe

O ensino de enfermagem sobre HIV/ Aids sob a ótica da cidadania

O objetivo foi verificar a percepção de docentes de Enfermagem sobre sua responsabilidade na prática pedagógica em HIV/Aids e se valorizam a construção do conhecimento sobre a temática do HIV/Aids centrado nos parâmetros voltados à cidadania. Estudo qualitativo, cujo referencial teórico foi o Pensamento Complexo de Morin. Participaram sete docentes de cinco instituições de ensino superior de São Paulo, no perído de janeiro a julho de 2010. Os dados foram coletados através do Grupo Focal e trabalhados por meio de Análise de Conteúdo. As categorias resultantes foram: A importância da reflexão e da criticidade do professor no ensino do HIV/Aids; O exercício da cidadania por meio do ensino de HIV/Aids e A compreensão do humano no ensino a partir da vivência com o indivíduo com HIV/Aids. O estudo mostra que o papel do professor no ensino do HIV/Aids é essencial para um posicionamento ético e cidadão do futuro enfermeiro

Sensibility in the Relations and Interactions of Teaching and Learning to Be and Do Nursing La sensibilidad en las relaciones e interacciones entre el enseñar y aprender a ser y el hacer enfermería Sensibilidade nas relações e interações entre ensinar e aprender a ser e fazer enfermagem

This qualitative study focused on proxemic feelings and feelings of detachment and ambiguity among professors-nurses concerning their experiences. This study aimed to reveal the meanings of sensibility held by being-professor-nurse in teaching and learning to be and do nursing. The theoretical-philosophical support is based on Merleau-Ponty's existential phenomenological approach and the hermeneutics phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur was used. Nineteen professors-nurses from a Higher Education institution in the South of Brazil were interviewed between November and December 2006. Sensibility was revealed as the capacity to observe details in order to intervene in a situation the best way possible, and also as a way to break with exclusive models of the cognitive-instrumental rationality of science and technique, since sensibility is the basis for developing other ways of teaching and learning to be and do Nursing.<br>Esta es una investigación cualitativa, enfocando los sentimientos de proxemia, de distanciamiento y de ambigüedad de los docentes enfermeros/as a partir de lo vivido. El objetivo es revelar los significados de la sensibilidad para el ser-docente-enfermero/a en el enseñar y aprender a ser y hacer Enfermería. El soporte teórico filosófico se fundamentó en el abordaje fenomenológico de Maurice Merleau-Ponty y, como recurso metodológico, se utilizó la hermenéutica fenomenológica de Paul Ricoeur. Fueron entrevistados diecinueve docentes enfermeros/as de una institución de enseñanza superior pública del sur del país, en los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2006. La sensibilidad se reveló como la capacidad de observar los detalles para intervenir en una situación, de la mejor forma posible, también como manera de crear rupturas con modelos exclusivos de racionalidad cognitiva instrumental de la ciencia y de la técnica, porque es la base para desarrollar otras maneras de enseñar y aprender a ser y hacer Enfermería.<br>Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, focando os sentimentos de proxemia, de distanciamento e de ambiguidade dos docentes-enfermeiros/as a partir do vivido. O objetivo é revelar os significados da sensibilidade para o ser-docente-enfermeiro/a no ensinar e aprender a ser e fazer Enfermagem. O suporte teórico-filosófico fundamentou-se na abordagem fenomenológica de Maurice Merleau-Ponty e, como recurso metodológico, utilizou-se a hermenêutica-fenomenológica de Paul Ricoeur. Foram entrevistados dezenove docentes-enfermeiros/as de uma instituição de ensino superior público do Sul do país, nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2006. A sensibilidade revelou-se como capacidade de observar os detalhes para intervir numa situação, da melhor forma possível, também como maneira de criar rupturas com modelos exclusivos da racionalidade cognitivo-instrumental da ciência e da técnica, porque é a base para desenvolver outras maneiras de ensinar e aprender a ser e fazer Enfermagem

Household vulnerability and child labor: the effect of shocks, credit rationing, and insurance

Child labor, Education, Credit rationing, Shocks, D1, O1,