La evolución en el aprendizaje del alumnado a través de la contrapráctica en la asignatura de Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado

[ES] Ante la creciente necesidad de reforzar el proceso de aprendizaje del alumnado, la contrapráctica se proyecta como una herramienta educativa innovadora capaz de conseguir la evolución en dicho aprendizaje. A través de esta actividad, que ya se ha puesto en práctica en la asignatura de Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado por parte del profesorado de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, se otorga al alumno la posibilidad de estudiar a fondo un tema de gran actualidad para realizar una reflexión jurídica. Su trabajo autónomo previo se verá complementado y perfeccionado con una exposición jurídico-práctica rigurosamente actualizada por parte del docente tras la que este planteará al estudiantado una práctica experimental con el objetivo de contrastarla con la realidad jurídica. La evolución en el aprendizaje tendrá lugar cuando el alumnado sea capaz de llevar a cabo un análisis de fundamentación fáctico y jurídico, pero enriquecido con el contraste empírico basado en experiencias personales o de terceros que pueda conducir a un debate de gran calado en relación a posibles desajustes entre el derecho y la realidad social.[EN] In view of the growing need to reinforce the students’ learning process, the counterpractice is projected as an innovative educational tool capable of achieving a learning evolution. Through this activity, which has already been implemented in the subject of Ecclesiastical Law of the State at the Jaume I University of Castellón, the student is granted the possibility of studying in depth a highly topical issue to prepare a legal reflection. Their previous autonomous work will be complemented and perfected with a rigorously updated legal-practical exposition by the teacher after which she will propose to the student an experimental practice with the aim of contrasting it with the legal reality. The learning evolution will take place when students are able to carry out an analysis of factual and legal basis, but enriched with the empirical contrast based on personal or third-party experiences that can lead to a major debate in relation to possible mismatches between law and social reality.Reguart Segarra, N.; Camarero Suárez, V. (2021). La evolución en el aprendizaje del alumnado a través de la contrapráctica en la asignatura de Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 61-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.11946OCS617

A Photoswitchable Antimetabolite for Targeted Photoactivated Chemotherapy

The efficacy and tolerability of systemically administered anticancer agents are limited by their off-target effects. Precise spatiotemporal control over their cytotoxic activity would allow improving chemotherapy treatments, and light-regulated drugs are well suited to this purpose. We have developed phototrexate, the first photoswitchable inhibitor of the human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as a photochromic analogue of methotrexate, a widely prescribed chemotherapeutic drug to treat cancer and psoriasis. Quantification of the light-regulated DHFR enzymatic activity, cell proliferation, and in vivo effects in zebrafish show that phototrexate behaves as a potent antifolate in its photoactivated cis configuration and that it is nearly inactive in its dark-relaxed trans form. Thus, phototrexate constitutes a proof-of-concept to design light-regulated cytotoxic small molecules and a step forward to develop targeted anticancer photochemotherapies with localized efficacy and reduced adverse effect

Ratiometric Nanothermometer Based on a Radical Excimer for In Vivo Sensing

Ratiometric fluorescent nanothermometers with near-infrared emission play an important role in in vivo sensing since they can be used as intracellular thermal sensing probes with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity, to investigate cellular functions of interest in diagnosis and therapy, where current approaches are not effective. Herein, the temperature-dependent fluorescence of organic nanoparticles is designed, synthesized, and studied based on the dual emission, generated by monomer and excimer species, of the tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) doping organic nanoparticles (TTMd-ONPs), made of optically neutral tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methane (TTM-αH), acting as a matrix. The excimer emission intensity of TTMd-ONPs decreases with increasing temperatures whereas the monomer emission is almost independent and can be used as an internal reference. TTMd-ONPs show a great temperature sensitivity (3.4% K-1 at 328 K) and a wide temperature response at ambient conditions with excellent reversibility and high colloidal stability. In addition, TTMd-ONPs are not cytotoxic and their ratiometric outputs are unaffected by changes in the environment. Individual TTMd-ONPs are able to sense temperature changes at the nano-microscale. In vivo thermometry experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms show that TTMd-ONPs can locally monitor internal body temperature changes with spatio-temporal resolution and high sensitivity, offering multiple applications in the biological nanothermometry field.© 2023 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Rationally designed azobenzene photoswitches for efficient two-photon neuronal excitation

Manipulation of neuronal activity using two-photon excitation of azobenzene photoswitches with near-infrared light has been recently demonstrated, but their practical use in neuronal tissue to photostimulate individual neurons with three-dimensional precision has been hampered by firstly, the low efficacy and reliability of NIR-induced azobenzene photoisomerization compared to one-photon excitation, and secondly, the short cis state lifetime of the two-photon responsive azo switches. Here we report the rational design based on theoretical calculations and the synthesis of azobenzene photoswitches endowed with both high two-photon absorption cross section and slow thermal back-isomerization. These compounds provide optimized and sustained two-photon neuronal stimulation both in light-scattering brain tissue and in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, displaying photoresponse intensities that are comparable to those achieved under one-photon excitation. This finding opens the way to use both genetically targeted and pharmacologically selective azobenzene photoswitches to dissect intact neuronal circuits in three dimensions

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

Presentació

Pueblos indígenas y migraciones climáticas: ¿hacia la erradicación de su identidad religiosa?

La crisis ambiental en que nos hallamos inmersos está planteando cada día nuevos retos a los que la humanidad debe hacer frente. Entre ellos, destaca la alteración de los patrones migratorios que ha provocado la aparición de una nueva tipología: las migraciones climáticas. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la especial incidencia de este fenómeno global en los pueblos indígenas como grupos de población especialmente vulnerables y las consecuencias que estos desplazamientos podrían tener en su identidad religiosa, entendida al amparo de la profunda conexión espiritual que mantienen con sus territorios ancestrales, los cuales suelen ubicarse en zonas geográficas propensas a sentir los impactos del cambio climático con mayor fuerza. De seguir avanzando en este sentido, estos pueblos podrían verse obligados a abandonar sus territorios de forma permanente, lo que conduciría, irremediablemente, a la erradicación de su identidad religiosa.The environmental crisis we find ourselves immersed in is each day posing new challenges humanity must face. Among them, the alteration of migratory patterns stands out, which has caused the emergence of a new typology: climatic migrations. This research aims at analyzing the special impact of this global phenomenon on indigenous peoples as especially vulnerable population groups and the consequences such displacements could have on their religious identity, understood under the umbrella of the deep spiritual connection they maintain with their ancestral territories, which are usually located in geographical areas prone to feel the impacts of climate change more strongly. If progress continues in this direction, these peoples could be forced to abandon their territories permanently, which would irretrievably lead to the eradication of their religious identity

A Photoswitchable Antimetabolite for Targeted Photoactivated Chemotherapy

The efficacy and tolerability of systemically administered anticancer agents are limited by their off-target effects. Precise spatiotemporal control over their cytotoxic activity would allow improving chemotherapy treatments, and light-regulated drugs are well suited to this purpose. We have developed phototrexate, the first photoswitchable inhibitor of the human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as a photochromic analogue of methotrexate, a widely prescribed chemotherapeutic drug to treat cancer and psoriasis. Quantification of the light-regulated DHFR enzymatic activity, cell proliferation, and in vivo effects in zebrafish show that phototrexate behaves as a potent antifolate in its photoactivated cis configuration and that it is nearly inactive in its dark-relaxed trans form. Thus, phototrexate constitutes a proof-of-concept to design light-regulated cytotoxic small molecules and a step forward to develop targeted anticancer photochemotherapies with localized efficacy and reduced adverse effect

A Photoswitchable Antimetabolite for Targeted Photoactivated Chemotherapy

The efficacy and tolerability of systemically administered anticancer agents are limited by their off-target effects. Precise spatiotemporal control over their cytotoxic activity would allow improving chemotherapy treatments, and light-regulated drugs are well suited to this purpose. We have developed phototrexate, the first photoswitchable inhibitor of the human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as a photochromic analogue of methotrexate, a widely prescribed chemotherapeutic drug to treat cancer and psoriasis. Quantification of the light-regulated DHFR enzymatic activity, cell proliferation, and in vivo effects in zebrafish show that phototrexate behaves as a potent antifolate in its photoactivated cis configuration and that it is nearly inactive in its dark-relaxed trans form. Thus, phototrexate constitutes a proof-of-concept to design light-regulated cytotoxic small molecules and a step forward to develop targeted anticancer photochemotherapies with localized efficacy and reduced adverse effect

Subalpine forest dynamics reconstructed throughout the last 700 years in the Central Pyrenees by means of tree rings and pollen

Understanding how climate has modulated forest growth and composition in the past is necessary to predict the influence of the ongoing climate warming on the dynamics of mountain forests. We studied the past dynamics of subalpine Pyrenean forests during the last 700 years by assessing the relationships between sedimentary pollen and tree-ring records, and their link with climatic drivers. We compared the pollen record and the montane pollen ratio, an integrative index obtained from sedimentary pollen that allows inferring past altitudinal variations in the montane–subalpine ecotone, with tree-ring width from mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) subalpine forests located in Central Pyrenees. To assess climate–growth associations, we related the dendrochronological data with instrumental meteorological records (1901–2010) and temperature reconstructions from the Pyrenees and Northern Hemisphere. Few robust associations were found between arboreal pollen taxa and tree-ring width series of the surrounding forests. However, significant correlations were found between the montane pollen ratio and tree-ring width series from nearby forests (located less than 10 km apart). This relationship could be potentially useful to infer long-term forest growth changes at decadal to centennial scales using the montane pollen ratio. On the contrary, our results show that tree radial growth has mainly been constrained by low temperatures although the growth sensitivity to climate has considerably varied over the last 700 years. Similar results were obtained for the last century as growth variability of these high-elevation forests is still driven by low temperatures, but a relaxation of this constrain in recent decades has been detected. © The Author(s) 2018.This article was funded by the PIRIMOD project granted to Valentí Rull by the ‘Institute for Catalan Studies’ (IEC) and the project RECREO granted to J J Camarero by the Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (Ref. 387/2011).Peer reviewe