Measuring the complete transverse spatial mode spectrum of a wave field

We put forward a method that allows the experimental determination of the entire spatial mode spectrum of any arbitrary monochromatic wave field in a plane normal to its propagation direction. For coherent optical fields, our spatial spectrum analyzer can be implemented with a small number of benchmark refractive elements embedded in a single Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We detail an efficient setup for measuring in the Hermite-Gaussian mode basis. Our scheme should also be feasible in the context of atom optics for analyzing the spatial profiles of macroscopic matter waves

Infidelidad y personalidad. El papel diferencial del género en su relación.

Introducción: La investigación ha relacionado ampliamente la infidelidad con ciertos perfiles de personalidad. Pese a ello, son insuficientes los estudios que abordan el papel que juega el género dentro de esa relación. Método: En el presente estudio se administró la Encuesta sobre el Sida (Ballester, Gil y Giménez, 2007) y el neo-pi-r (Costa y McCrae, 1992) a 100 estudiantes universitarios (50 % mujeres) con el objetivo de analizar la existencia de diferencias de personalidad entre las personas que han cometido una infidelidad con respecto a las que no, desde una perspectiva de género. Resultados: Los resultados indican que si bien existen diferencias de personalidad entre los que sí afirmaron haber cometido una infidelidad y los que no, aparecen perfiles diferenciales en función del género. Por una parte, los hombres infieles alcanzan puntuaciones estadísticamente significativamente mayores en la dimensión de extraversión y más concretamente en la faceta de cordialidad relacionándolo con una mayor tendencia a establecer vínculos íntimos. Por otra parte, en el caso de las mujeres infieles son las bajas puntuaciones en responsabilidad, específicamente en la faceta de competencia las que logran la significación relacionándolo con una peor percepción de las propias capacidades. Discusión: Con todo ello, el género aparece como un factor importante implicado en las diferencias de personalidad existentes entre personas que han cometido infidelidades y las que no, debido a la existencia de un doble estándar consecuencia del proceso de sociabilización diferencial que se da entre hombres y mujeres.Introduction: Even though past research has studied the link between infidelity and personality, there are few studies about how gender differences may play a role in this relationship. Method: The study aimed to assess, from a gender view, the personality differences between people who have taken part in an infidelity and those who have never been involved in an infidelity. A total of 100 university students (50 % women) completed the aids Questionnaire (Ballester, Gil & Giménez, 2007) and the neo-pi-r Inventory (Costa & Mc- Crae, 1992). Results: Results indicated that there are personality differences between participants who reported an infidelity and people who did not have a history of infidelity and, moreover, gender has an influence in these differences. On the one hand, unfaithful or cheating men achieved greatest statistically significant scores at extraversion, specifically on warmth, so they tend to create affective bonds easily. On the other hand, unfaithful women achieved lowest scores at conscientiousness, in particular at competence; therefore they maintain a worse assessment of their own abilities. Discussion: These findings suggest that gender is an influential factor involved in personality differences between faithful people and unfaithful people owing to the existence of a gender double-standard as a result of the differential socialization process given to women and men

Cultivable fungal endophytes in roots, rhizomes and leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile along the Coast of Sicily, Italy

The presence of endophytic fungi in the roots, rhizomes, and leaves of Posidonia oceanica was evaluated in different localities of the Sicilian coast. Samples of roots, rhizomes, and leaves were submitted to isolation techniques, and the obtained fungal colonies were identified by morphological and molecular (rRNA sequencing) analysis. Fungal endophytes occurred mainly in roots and occasionally in rhizomes and leaves. Lulwoana sp. was the most frequent of the isolated taxa, suggesting a strong interaction with the host. In addition, eight other fungal taxa were isolated. In particular, fungi of the genus Ochroconis and family Xylariaceae were identified as endophytes in healthy plants at all sampling stations, whereas Penicillium glabrum was isolated at only one sampling station. Thus, several organs, especially roots of Posidonia oceanica, harbor endophytic fungi, potentially involved in supporting the living host as ascertained for terrestrial plants

Sexualidad y abuso sexual en hombres y mujeres con discapacidad intelectual

Tradicionalmente las personas con discapacidad intelectual han sido consideradas como personas no aptas para la expresión libre su sexualidad. La educación afectivo-sexual implementada en este colectivo únicamente ha intentado controlar sus impulsos sexuales sin aportar información que les permita identificar situaciones y escenarios que puedan concluir en abuso sexual. El objetivo de este estudio es describir algunos aspectos de la sexualidad y el abuso sexual, indagando en la posible existencia de diferencias de género en adultos con DI. La muestra está compuesta por 100 hombres de entre 21 y 53 años (M = 36.81; DT = 10.26) y 100 mujeres de entre 19 y 55 años (M = 34.11; DT = 11.48). A todos los participantes se les administró una entrevista estructurada sobre sexualidad y abusos sexuales desarrollada ad hoc. Los resultados indican que el 82% de la muestra ha mantenido relaciones sexuales en alguna ocasión, siendo este porcentaje significativamente mayor entre las mujeres (89%) que entre los hombres (75%) (X2 = 6.640; p = .008). En el momento de la evaluación, el 78% de los hombres y el 88% de las mujeres mantenían relaciones con una pareja estable. Por lo que se refiere al deseo de hablar sobre sexualidad, el 90.5% de los participantes manifiesta querer hablar de sexualidad con mayor frecuencia, siendo este deseo más frecuente entre los hombres (94%) que entre las mujeres (87%) (X2 = 2.850; p = .073). Respecto a la experiencia de abuso sexual, existen diferencias significativas por género (X2 = 7.354; p = .006) siendo mayor el porcentaje de mujeres (17%) que refieren haber sufrido abusos que el de varones (5%). Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar programas de educación afectivo-sexual con contenidos diferenciados en función del género que permitan identificar situaciones y escenarios que puedan concluir en abuso sexual.Traditionally, people with intellectual disabilities have been considered unsuitable for their sexuality free expression. Affective-sexual education implemented in this group only has tried to control their sexual impulses without providing information to identify situations that may end in sexual abuse. The aim of this study is to describe some aspects of sexuality and sexual abuse, exploring the gender differences in adults with ID. The sample involve 100 men aged between 21 and 53 (M = 36.81 and SD = 10.26) and 100 women aged between 19 and 55 years (M = 34.11 and SD = 11.48). All participants answered an ad hoc structured interview about sexuality and sexual abuse. The results indicate that 82% of participants have had sex, being this percentage significantly greater for women (89%) than for males (75%) (X2 = 6.640; p = .008). At the evaluation time, 88% of women and 78% of men had relations with a partner. With regard to the desire of speaking about sexuality, 90.5% of participants report wanting to talk about sexuality more frequently, being this desire more common for men (94%) than for women (87%) (X2 = 2.850; p = .073). Concerning the sexual abuse experience, there are significant differences by gender (X2 = 7.354; p = .006), women who have suffered abuse show a higher percentage (17%) than men (5%). These findings underscore the need to develop affective-sexual education programs with adjusted content by gender to identify situations that may finish with sexual abuse

Exposición involuntaria: impacto en usuarios y no usuarios de cibersexo

La diseminación de contenidos sexuales a través de distintos portales de Internet facilita que muchos adolescentes sean expuestos involuntariamente mientras navegan, con el impacto negativo que a veces esto podría suponer. Por eso es importante explorar qué aspectos pueden amortiguar los efectos negativos de esta exposición, como por ejemplo la pre-exposición voluntaria a pornografía. Este es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo. Tomando una muestra de 152 chicos adolescentes de entre 14 y 16 años, se constata que efectivamente los pre-expuestos voluntariamente no sólo experimentan menos síntomas a consecuencia de la exposición involuntaria, sino que además parecen extraer aspectos positivos de ésta.The spread of sexual contents through various portals makes many adolescents could be involuntarily exposed while surfing and this can have a negative impact. Therefore it is important to explore aspects that can buffer the negative effects of this exposure, such as voluntary pre-exposure to pornography. In fact, this is the aim of this work. Taking a sample of 152 male students between 14 and 16 years old, we have found that voluntary pre-exposed experience fewer symptoms as a result of unwanted exposure and also extract positive aspects of exposure.Trabajo realizado gracias a una ayuda económica de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (P1•1B2012-49)peerReviewe

Sensory Perception and Willingness to Pay for a Local Ancient Pear Variety: Evidence from In-Store Experiments in Italy

Product optimisation is one of the most crucial phases in the new product development or launch process. This work proposes applying penalty analysis to investigate the impact of not just-about-right (JAR) sensorial aspects on willingness to pay (WTP) and an overall liking for a local Italian ancient pear variety and to verify the mediating role of pleasantness in the relationship between not-JAR sensory attributes and consumers' WTP using structural equation model (SEM). One hundred and twelve non-expert participants recruited during an in-store experiment evaluated overall liking and JAR attributes and were involved in an in-field experimental auction based on the non-hypothetical Becker–DeGroot–Marshak (BDM) mechanism. The participants' average WTP for the sample was EUR 3.18 per kilogramme. Only juiciness and sourness significantly impact consumers' overall liking but not on consumers' WTP. Moreover, pleasantness did not mediate the relationship between non-balanced sensorial aspects and WTP. In conclusion, the penalty analysis for attributes not being JAR in monetary and hedonic terms is a beneficial research approach for a deep-inside evaluation of the potentiality of the product in the marketplace, providing helpful directions for product optimisation. Results show market potential for the local ancient pear variety ‘Angelica'

Formative Study Of The Implementation Of The Practical Approach To Care Kit In Brazil (PACK Brazil) / Estudo Formativo da Implementação do Practical Approach to Care Kit no Brasil (PACK Brasil)

Introduction: The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) is a comprehensive clinical practice guideline created to qualify health professionals at primary care level. The objective of this research is to present the formative study of the initial implementation of the PACK in Brazil. Methodological Path: Qualitative study that used in-depth interviews, questionnaires and focus groups with the trainers responsible for introducing the PACK in the local health clinics. To analyse the data, a thematic matrix technique was used. Results: Four in-depth interviews were conducted; 22 trainers answered the questionnaires and 15 trainers participated in two focus groups. Four themes were identified: 1. Expectations / Feelings regarding the PACK and its training; 2. Use of the PACK; 3. After the PACK; 4. Suggestions. Final Considerations: Participants were very enthusiastic about the implementation of the PACK. Some effects of the training on health professionals were noted in relation to the use of the protocol, such as: it appears to have been more widely used by doctors and nurses, who are not only accustomed to the routine of teaching and research, but who often have a close professional relationship. In addition, the results of this study highlighted important issues that need to be explored in order to understand the implementation of the PACK, such as factors related to behaviour change in individual clinical practice and care sharing

Measuring the Complete Transverse Spatial Mode Spectrum of a Wave Field

We put forward a method that allows the experimental determination of the entire spatial mode spectrum of any arbitrary monochromatic wave field in a plane normal to its propagation direction. For coherent optical fields, our spatial spectrum analyzer can be implemented with a small number of benchmark refractive elements embedded in a single Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We detail an efficient setup for measuring in the Hermite-Gaussian mode basis. Our scheme should also be feasible in the context of atom optics for analyzing the spatial profiles of macroscopic matter waves

Exposición involuntaria: impacto en usuarios y no usuarios de cibersexo

The spread of sexual contents through various portals makes many adolescents could be involuntarily exposed while surfing and this can have a negative impact. Therefore it is important to explore aspects that can buffer the negative effects of this exposure, such as voluntary pre-exposure to pornography. In fact, this is the aim of this work. Taking a sample of 152 male students between 14 and 16 years old, we have found that voluntary pre-exposed experience fewer symptoms as a result of unwanted exposure and also extract positive aspects of exposure.La diseminación de contenidos sexuales a través de distintos portales de Internet facilita que muchos adolescentes sean expuestos involuntariamente mientras navegan, con el impacto negativo que a veces esto podría suponer. Por eso es importante explorar qué aspectos pueden amortiguar los efectos negativos de esta exposición, como por ejemplo la pre-exposición voluntaria a pornografía. Este es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo. Tomando una muestra de 152 chicos adolescentes de entre 14 y 16 años, se constata que efectivamente los pre-expuestos voluntariamente  no sólo experimentan menos síntomas a consecuencia de la exposición involuntaria, sino que además parecen extraer aspectos positivos de ésta

Exposición involuntaria: impacto en usuarios y no usuarios de cibersexo

La diseminación de contenidos sexuales a través de distintos portales de Internet facilita que muchos adolescentes sean expuestos involuntariamente mientras navegan, con el impacto negativo que a veces esto podría suponer. Por eso es importante explorar qué aspectos pueden amortiguar los efectos negativos de esta exposición, como por ejemplo la pre-exposición voluntaria a pornografía. Este es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo. Tomando una muestra de 152 chicos adolescentes de entre 14 y 16 años, se constata que efectivamente los pre-expuestos voluntariamente no sólo experimentan menos síntomas a consecuencia de la exposición involuntaria, sino que además parecen extraer aspectos positivos de ésta.The spread of sexual contents through various portals makes many adolescents could be involuntarily exposed while surfing and this can have a negative impact. Therefore it is important to explore aspects that can buffer the negative effects of this exposure, such as voluntary pre-exposure to pornography. In fact, this is the aim of this work. Taking a sample of 152 male students between 14 and 16 years old, we have found that voluntary pre-exposed experience fewer symptoms as a result of unwanted exposure and also extract positive aspects of exposure.Trabajo realizado gracias a una ayuda económica de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (P1•1B2012-49)peerReviewe