Free Radical Chemistry of Phosphasilenes

Understanding the characteristics of radicals formed from silicon-containing heavy analogues of alkenes is of great importance for their application in radical polymerization. Bulky and electronic substituent effects in such compounds as phosphasilenes not only stabilize the Si=P double bond, but also influence the structure and species of the formed radicals. Herein we report our first investigations of radicals derived from phosphasilenes with Mes (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), Tip (2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl), Dur (2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl) and NMe2 (dimethylamino) substituents on the P atom, using muon spin spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Adding muonium (a light isotope of hydrogen) to phosphasilenes reveals that: a) the electron-donor NMe2 and the bulkiest Tip-substituted phosphasilenes form several muoniated radicals with different rotamer conformations; b) bulky Dur-substituted phosphasilene forms two radicals (Si- and P-centred); and c) Mes-substituted phosphasilene mainly forms one species of radical, at the P centre. These significant differences result from intramolecular substituent effects

Vektor Malaria Baru di Kabupaten Kotabaru, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia

Nyamuk Anopheles merupakan vektor dari Malaria. Dari sekitar 400 spesies nyamuk Anopheles telah ditemukan 67 spesies dapat menularkan malaria dan 24 diantaranya ditemukan di Indonesia. Kabupaten Kotabaru merupakan kabupaten endemis malaria di Kalimantan Selatan. Data mengenai spesies vektor malaria spesifik pada suatu daerah sangat berperan penting sebagai salah satu bahan rekomendasi bagi tindak lanjut kebijakan pengendalian malaria. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui data vektor malaria di Kabupaten Kotabaru melalui uji PCR. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan di Desa Siayuh Trans dan Magalau Hulu, tambang emas Kura-Kura dan Desa Muara Uri dengan metode penangkapan UOL, UOD, dinding dan kandang. Uji PCR dilaksanakan di laboratorium biomolekuler BBPPVRP Salatiga pada bulan Februari-April 2015. Hasil penangkapan nyamuk didapatkan 345 ekor nyamuk Anopheles yang terdiri dari 9 spesies: An. barbirostris, An. tesselatus, An. balabacensis, An. vagus, An. hyrcanus group, An. peditaeniatus, An. kochi, An. flavirostris, An. umbrosus. Seluruh nyamuk Anopheles yang didapatkan dibuat 56 pool sampel Anopheles sp untuk diuji PCR yang telah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan spesies, tanggal dan metode penangkapan. Hasil PCR terindentifikasi 3 spesies vektor malaria di Desa Siayuh Trans yaitu An. vagus, An. peditaeniatus dan An. tesselatus yang merupakan vektor malaria baru di Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan

Endurance exercise accelerates myocardial tissue oxygenation recovery and reduces ischemia reperfusion injury in mice

Exercise training offers cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, few essential signals have been identified to underscore the protection from injury. In the present study, we hypothesized that exercise-induced acceleration of myocardial tissue oxygenation recovery contributes to this protection. C57BL/6 mice (4 weeks old) were trained on treadmills for 45 min/day at a treading rate of 15 m/min for 8 weeks. At the end of 8-week exercise training, mice underwent 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 60-min or 24-h reperfusion. Electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry was performed to measure myocardial tissue oxygenation. Western immunoblotting analyses, gene transfection, and myography were examined. The oximetry study demonstrated that exercise markedly shortened myocardial tissue oxygenation recovery time following reperfusion. Exercise training up-regulated Kir6.1 protein expression (a subunit of ATP-sensitive K(+)channel on vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMC sarc-K(ATP)) and protected the heart from I/R injury. In vivo gene transfer of dominant negative Kir6.1AAA prolonged the recovery time and enlarged infarct size. In addition, transfection of Kir6.1AAA increased the stiffness and reduced the relaxation capacity in the vasculature. Together, our study demonstrated that exercise training up-regulated Kir6.1, improved tissue oxygenation recovery, and protected the heart against I/R injury. This exercise-induced cardioprotective mechanism may provide a potential therapeutic intervention targeting VSMC sarc-K(ATP) channels and reperfusion recovery

Chemie freier Radikale von Phosphasilenen

Das Verständnis der Eigenschaften von Radikalen, die ausgehend von Si-haltigen, schweren Analoga von Alkenen gebildet werden, ist wichtig für ihre Anwendung in der radikalischen Polymerisation. Sterische und elektronische Substituenteneffekte in Phosphasilenen stabilisieren nicht nur die Si=P-Doppelbindung, sondern beeinflussen auch die Struktur und Natur der gebildeten Radikale. Wir berichten hier über Untersuchungen an Phosphasilen-abgeleiteten Radikalen mit Mes-, Tip-, Dur- und NMe2-Substituenten am P-Atom mithilfe von Myonenspinspektroskopie und DFT-Rechnungen. Die Addition von Myonium (einem leichten Isotop von Wasserstoff) an Phosphasilene zeigt, dass a) das Elektronendonor-NMe2- und das sperrigste Tip-substituierte Phosphasilen mehrere myonierte Radikale mit unterschiedlichen Rotamer-Konformationen bilden; b) das sperrige Dur-substituierte Phosphasilen zwei Radikale (Si- und P-zentriert) bildet; und c) Mes-substituiertes Phosphasilen hauptsächlich eine Radikalspezies am P-Zentrum bildet. Diese signifikanten Unterschiede rühren von einem intramolekularen Substituenteneffekt her

Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal

International Comparison of Marine Fisheries Governance Capability: Based on OECD Database

Since the 1980s, the international community has paid more attention to sustainable fisheries and the marine ecological environment. Many global and regional fishery organizations have been established, relevant conventions and agreements have been formulated and signed, and the management of marine fishing operations has been strengthened. China has made great progress in the field of marine fishery. The paper innovatively used OECD data to compare the international marine fishery governance capabilities. With the help of cluster analysis method, the marine fishery governance capacity of each country was classified, and it was found that the situation of China was relatively close to that of Brazil, India, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries, but it was quite different from that of the United States, South Korea and other countries. With the help of factor analysis, the marine fishery governance capabilities of countries were ranked, and it was concluded that China ranked 32rd among these 49 countries, which was in the middle of the middle. Finally, based on the research results of international comparison, the countermeasures were proposed, hoping to improve China's marine fishery supervision ability

Time-resolved spectroscopy studies to understand aggregation induced emission properties and phenomena

The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon was firstly reported by the Tang group in 2001, which has revolutionized the scientific fields of biological and optoelectronic materials in the past two decades. Due to importance of AIE, thousands of work has been published on developing the new efficient AIE luminogens (AIEgens) and implement the practical applications. Though the conical intersection, E/Z isomerization, proton transfer, charge transfer, intra- and inter molecular restrictions has been considered as the main reasons for the phenomenon of AIE systems, few direct evidence have been found to support those hypotheses.Published versio

Crowd-Level Abnormal Behavior Detection via Multi-Scale Motion Consistency Learning

Detecting abnormal crowd motion emerging from complex interactions of individuals is paramount to ensure the safety of crowds. Crowd-level abnormal behaviors (CABs), e.g., counter flow and crowd turbulence, are proven to be the crucial causes of many crowd disasters. In the recent decade, video anomaly detection (VAD) techniques have achieved remarkable success in detecting individual-level abnormal behaviors (e.g., sudden running, fighting and stealing), but research on VAD for CABs is rather limited. Unlike individual-level anomaly, CABs usually do not exhibit salient difference from the normal behaviors when observed locally, and the scale of CABs could vary from one scenario to another. In this paper, we present a systematic study to tackle the important problem of VAD for CABs with a novel crowd motion learning framework, multi-scale motion consistency network (MSMC-Net). MSMC-Net first captures the spatial and temporal crowd motion consistency information in a graph representation. Then, it simultaneously trains multiple feature graphs constructed at different scales to capture rich crowd patterns. An attention network is used to adaptively fuse the multi-scale features for better CAB detection. For the empirical study, we consider three large-scale crowd event datasets, UMN, Hajj and Love Parade. Experimental results show that MSMC-Net could substantially improve the state-of-the-art performance on all the datasets

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Two Strongly Fluorescent Bis(diquinaldinatoalumino)-9-silafluorenes

Two novel highly fluorescent blue light emitting compounds were synthesized: 9,9-bis-(diquinaldinatoalumino)-1,3-diphenyl-9-silafluorene (4) and 9,9-bis(diquinaldinatoalumino)-9-silafluorene (7). Combining silafluorene and quinaldinate aluminum moieties resulted in molecules with high quantum yield efficiency both in solution (3134%) and in the solid state (7992%). 4 showed intense electroluminescence, 4090 cd/m2 at 15 V, and the mechanochromism of 7 was revealed

A NbO type microporous metal-organic framework constructed from a naphthalene derived ligand for CH4 and C2H2 storage at room temperature

A novel NbO type microporous metal-organic framework [Cu-2(C26H12O8)(H2O)(2)]center dot(DMF)(2)center dot(MeCN)(3)center dot(H2O)(4), (ZJU-7, ZJU = Zhejiang University; H4L - 5,5'-(naphthalene-1,4-diyl)diisophthalic acid; DMF = N, N-dimethylformamide; MeCN = acetonitrile) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. With open metal sites, suitable pore spaces and moderately high permanent porosity, the activated ZJU-7a exhibits moderately high CH4 storage of 160 cm(3)(STP) per cm(3) at 35 bar and 298 K. Meanwhile, ZJU-7a also displays moderate C2H2 gravimetric storage of 180 cm(3) g(-1) at 1 atm and 298 K