Three-Dimensional Seismic Velocity Structure of the Aegean Region of Turkey from Local Earthquake Tomography

This study brings new insights to elucidate the 3-D seismic velocity structure of the Aegean region of Turkey by using Local Earthquake Tomography (LET). The study area has remarkable potential for geothermal resources. To provide the subsurface geological structure of seismogenic layers and geothermal areas, we develop new high-resolution depth-cross sections through Buyuk Menderes, Kucuk Menderes and Gediz grabens. Travel times of almost 265.000 readings (14.963 P-phase and 11.969 S-phase picks) from 2.085 well-located events recorded between 2007 and 2016 by a permanent seismic network of 75 broad-band seismometers were used to precisely interpret the 3-D Vp (lithological) and Vp/Vs (petrological) models of the study area. We detected four main layers down to 35-40 km depths with different Vp velocities ranging from 3.5 to 8.5 km/s. Mid-crustal interface (Conrad discontinuity) is discovered at 15 km depth in nearly all depth-cross-sections. Our results suggest an average of 25 km Moho depth in the Aegean region of Turkey. The depths range from around 18 km beneath SE of Aydin to 29 km beneath Aliaga, and approximate values of 19, 25 and 31 km beneath the Doganbey, Kutahya and Selendi-Demirci regions, respectively. The geothermal areas of the studied region are imaged by Vp and Vp/Vs anomalies. We propose the Aliaga, Denizli, Doganbey and Kosk areas as low Vp, low Vp/Vs anomalies which are an indicator of steam, CO2 or a mixture of both. Low Vp, high Vp/Vs models, suggesting geothermal fluids, are clearly visible near the Buharkent, Gumuskol, Guzelhisar, Kosk, Kuyucak, Saraykoy and Suzbeyli regions. We also report that the Bademler, Candarli, Kalekoy, Karahalli, Merdivenli, Ortakoy, Saruhanli, Yelki and Yuntdagikoseler regions might be good candidates for new potential geothermal resources

Aktivna deformacija Zemljine površine utvrđena preciznim nivelmanskim premjerom u Afyon-Akşehir grabenu u Zapadnoj Anadoliji u Turskoj

In the actively deforming region of western Anatolia, crustal deformation is accommodated by destructive earthquakes and a variety of aseismic events. In this study, we investigated the 2016–2017 aseismic sequence located in the Bolvadin Fault, one of the segments of the Akşehir-Simav Fault System of western Anatolia by analysing surface deformation derived from detailed geological mapping. Our findings suggest that surface deformation in the Bolvadin Fault is accommodated by aseismic episodes. During the field studies in the Bolvadin area, progressive surface deformations, such as surface faults and earth fissures with a length of 800 meters to 3 kilometres and strike of N15°E to N70°E were mapped on a 1/5000 scale. Furthermore, a levelling network was established to calculate the vertical displacements and deformation rate along the surface deformations. Precision level measurements were undertaken in 2016 and 2017. On the routes to the NW of the Bolvadin settlement, a vertical deformation rate of 30 mm/yr was detected in the period of 2016–2017, and a large deformation rate of 40 mm/yr was detected in the same period.Aktivna deformacija Zemljine kore se u regiji Zapadne Anadolije kompenzira razornim potresima i drugim seizmičkim događajima. U ovom smo radu na temelju detaljnog geološkog kartiranja analizirali deformaciju površine kako bismo proučili niza seizmičkih događaja u razdoblju 2016.–2017. na lokaciji rasjeda Bolvadin, jednoga od segmenata rasjednoga sustava Akşehir-Simav u Zapadnoj Anadoliji. Naši rezultati ukazuju na to da se površinska deformacije kompenzira tijekom aseizmičkih epizoda. Tijekom terenskih istraživanja u području Bolvadin, progresivne su površinske deformacije, poput površinskih rasjeda ili pukotina duljina od 800 m do 3 km, pružanja N15°E do N70°E, kartirane u mjerilu 1:5 000. Nadalje, uspostavljena je nivelmanska mreža kako bi se izmjerila brzina pomaka i deformacija. Precizna nivelmanska mjerenja izvedena su 2016. i 2017. godine. Na pravcima usmjerenima SZ od naselja Bolvadin, ustanovljena je brzina vertikalne deformacije od 30 mm/god., a u istom je razdoblju izmjerena i velika brzina deformacije od 40 mm/god

Genetic and phenotypic variation of the malaria vector Anopheles atroparvus in southern Europe

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is a growing concern that global climate change will affect the potential for pathogen transmission by insect species that are vectors of human diseases. One of these species is the former European malaria vector, <it>Anopheles atroparvus</it>. Levels of population differentiation of <it>An. atroparvus </it>from southern Europe were characterized as a first attempt to elucidate patterns of population structure of this former malaria vector. Results are discussed in light of a hypothetical situation of re-establishment of malaria transmission.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Genetic and phenotypic variation was analysed in nine mosquito samples collected from five European countries, using eight microsatellite loci and geometric morphometrics on 21 wing landmarks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Levels of genetic diversity were comparable to those reported for tropical malaria vectors. Low levels of genetic (0.004 <<it>F</it>_{<it>ST </it>}<0.086) and phenotypic differentiation were detected among <it>An. atroparvus </it>populations spanning over 3,000 km distance. Genetic differentiation (0.202 <<it>F</it>_{<it>ST </it>}<0.299) was higher between the sibling species <it>An. atroparvus </it>and <it>Anopheles maculipennis </it>s.s. Differentiation between sibling species was not so evident at the phenotype level.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Levels of population differentiation within <it>An. atroparvus </it>were low and not correlated with geographic distance or with putative physical barriers to gene flow (Alps and Pyrenées). While these results may suggest considerable levels of gene flow, other explanations such as the effect of historical population perturbations can also be hypothesized.</p

Current trends in initial management of hypopharyngeal cancer: The declining use of open surgery

Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx represents a distinct clinical entity. Most patients present with significant comorbidities and advanced‐stage disease. The overall survival is relatively poor because of high rates of regional and distant metastasis at presentation or early in the course of the disease. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in the overall management of these patients to achieve the best results and maintain or improve functional results. Traditionally, operable hypopharyngeal cancer has been treated by total (occasionally partial) laryngectomy and partial or circumferential pharyngectomy, followed by reconstruction and postoperative radiotherapy in most cases. Efforts to preserve speech and swallowing function in the surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal (and laryngeal) cancer have resulted in a declining use of total laryngopharyngectomy and improved reconstructive efforts, including microvascular free tissue transfer. There are many surgical, as well as nonsurgical, options available for organ and function preservation, which report equally effective tumor control and survival. The selection of appropriate treatment is of crucial importance in the achievement of optimal results for these patients. In this article, several aspects of surgical and nonsurgical approaches in the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer are discussed. Future studies must be carefully designed within clearly defined populations and use uniform terminology and standardized functional assessment and declare appropriate patient or disease endpoints. These studies should focus on improvement of resultsx, without increasing patient morbidity. In this respect, technical improvements in radiotherapy such as intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, advances in supportive care, and incorporation of newer systemic agents such as targeted therapy, are relevant developments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90087/1/21613_ftp.pd

B-Spline Solution and the Chaotic Dynamics of Troesch's Problem

A B-spline method is presented for solving the Troesch problem. The numerical approximations to the solution are calculated and then their behavior is studied and commenced. The chaotic dynamics exhibited by the solutions of Troesch's problem as they were derived by the decomposition method approximation are examined and an approximate critical value for the parameter λ is introduced also in this study. For the parameter value slightly less than λ ≈ 2.2, the solutions begin to show successive bifurcations, finally entering chaotic regimes at higher λ values. The effectiveness and accuracy of the B-spline method is verified for different values of the parameter, below its critical value, where the first bifurcation occurs

B-Spline Solution for a Convection-Diffusion Equation

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of the convection diffusion problems. A family of B-spline methods has been considered for the numerical solution of the problems. The results showed that the present method is an applicable technique and approximates the exact solution

The Numerical Solution of Fractional Diffusion Equation by Using Local Polynomial Regression

In this paper, we apply the local polynomial regression for the solution of the one-dimensional fractional diffusion equation. The Caputo fractional derivative is used for the formulation. A numerical example is given to show the application of the present method. The effect of the fractional order (α) of the equation is illustrated by changing α from 1.01 to 1.99

B-Spline Solution for a Convection-Diffusion Equation

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of the convection diffusion problems. A family of B-spline methods has been considered for the numerical solution of the problems. The results showed that the present method is an applicable technique and approximates the exact solution

A new catalyst material from electrospun PVDF-HFP nanofibers by using magnetron-sputter coating for the treatment of dye-polluted waters

In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)-based nanofibers were produced by electrospinning technique on aluminum substrate and coated with magnetron sputtering technique by using Cu2O photocatalyst target material. Resulting materials were characterized by SEM, EDX, and UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of the material was tested against methylene blue decolorization under 105 W tungsten light bulb. Methylene blue concentration was followed up by UV visible spectrophotometer at 664 nm. Kinetic modeling of the photocatalytic reaction was found suitable to the first-order kinetics. Reaction rate constants were 0.0037, 0.0044, and 0.0050 min(-1) respectively with corresponding half-life times of 187, 158, and 139 min. Thanks to the genuine design of the catalyst, it allowed easy removal of the material from the solution without any residue by simple tweezers which is a promising step for getting rid of heavy and low yield of filtration processes in the separation of particulate catalysts from the treated water