582 research outputs found
Towards Field Theory Amplitudes From the Cohomology of Pure Spinor Superspace
A simple BRST-closed expression for the color-ordered super-Yang-Mills
5-point amplitude at tree-level is proposed in pure spinor superspace and shown
to be BRST-equivalent to the field theory limit of the open superstring 5-pt
amplitude. It is manifestly cyclic invariant and each one of its five terms can
be associated to the five Feynman diagrams which use only cubic vertices. Its
form also suggests an empirical method to find superspace expressions in the
cohomology of the pure spinor BRST operator for higher-point amplitudes based
on their kinematic pole structure. Using this method, Ansaetze for the 6- and
7-point 10D super-Yang-Mills amplitudes which map to their 14 and 42
color-ordered diagrams are conjectured and their 6- and 7-gluon expansions are
explicitly computed.Comment: 14 pages, harvmac, v4: trivial edits in the text to comply with JHEP
refere
Explicit BCJ Numerators from Pure Spinors
We derive local kinematic numerators for gauge theory tree amplitudes which
manifestly satisfy Jacobi identities analogous to color factors. They naturally
emerge from the low energy limit of superstring amplitudes computed with the
pure spinor formalism. The manifestation of the color--kinematics duality is a
consequence of the superstring computation involving no more than (n-2)!
kinematic factors for the full color dressed n-point amplitude. The bosonic
part of these results describe gluon scattering independent on the number of
supersymmetries and captures any N^kMHV helicity configuration after
dimensional reduction to D=4 dimensions.Comment: 32 pages, harvma
Workplace Barriers to Return-to-Work Processes
This study identified workplace barriers to return-to-work (RTW) processes through a multiple case study consisting of 38 cases. Sixty-four interviews with employees with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 45 interviews with their managers were conducted in 2017â2020 at T1 (1â3 months after the employees returned to work) and T2 (12â16 months after T1). Workplace barriers were associated with the organizational and psychosocial work environments, TBI knowledge, and char- acteristics of the employee. The role of management was a key aspect across all barriers. Workplace barriers often co-occurred and became increasingly important at T2. At T2, most employees increased their workload, but some still experienced unsupportive management, workplace conflicts, and a low degree of job control. The psychosocial work environment is a main area for workplace barriers. The managersâ knowledge of RTW processes and TBI-related challenges potentially reduce barriers and thereby contribute to balance the needs of the organization and the individual
A New Proposal for the Picture Changing Operators in the Minimal Pure Spinor Formalism
Using a new proposal for the "picture lowering" operators, we compute the
tree level scattering amplitude in the minimal pure spinor formalism by
performing the integration over the pure spinor space as a multidimensional
Cauchy-type integral. The amplitude will be written in terms of the projective
pure spinor variables, which turns out to be useful to relate rigorously the
minimal and non-minimal versions of the pure spinor formalism. The natural
language for relating these formalisms is the Cech-Dolbeault isomorphism.
Moreover, the Dolbeault cocycle corresponding to the tree-level scattering
amplitude must be evaluated in SO(10)/SU(5) instead of the whole pure spinor
space, which means that the origin is removed from this space. Also, the
Cech-Dolbeault language plays a key role for proving the invariance of the
scattering amplitude under BRST, Lorentz and supersymmetry transformations, as
well as the decoupling of unphysical states. We also relate the Green's
function for the massless scalar field in ten dimensions to the tree-level
scattering amplitude and comment about the scattering amplitude at higher
orders. In contrast with the traditional picture lowering operators, with our
new proposal the tree level scattering amplitude is independent of the constant
spinors introduced to define them and the BRST exact terms decouple without
integrating over these constant spinors.Comment: 56 pages, typos correcte
The Overall Coefficient of the Two-loop Superstring Amplitude Using Pure Spinors
Using the results recently obtained for computing integrals over
(non-minimal) pure spinor superspace, we compute the coefficient of the
massless two-loop four-point amplitude from first principles. Contrasting with
the mathematical difficulties in the RNS formalism where unknown normalizations
of chiral determinant formulae force the two-loop coefficient to be determined
only indirectly through factorization, the computation in the pure spinor
formalism can be smoothly carried out.Comment: 29 pages, harvmac TeX. v2: add reference
Lessons learnt from comprehensive evaluation of community-based education in Uganda: a proposal for an ideal model community-based education for health professional training institutions
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Community-based education (CBE) can provide contextual learning that addresses manpower scarcity by enabling trainees acquire requisite experiences, competence, confidence and values. In Uganda, many health professional training institutions conduct some form of community-based education (CBE). However, there is scanty information on the nature of the training: whether a curriculum exists (objectives, intended outcomes, content, implementation strategy), administration and constraints faced. The objective was to make a comprehensive assessment of CBE as implemented by Ugandan health professional training institutions to document the nature of CBE conducted and propose an ideal model with minimum requirements for health professional training institutions in Uganda.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We employed several methods: documentary review of curricula of 22 institutions, so as to assess the nature, purpose, outcomes, and methods of instruction and assessment; s<it>ite visits </it>to these institutions and their CBE sites, to assess the learning environment (infrastructure and resources); in-depth interviews with key people involved in running CBE at the institutions and community, to evaluate CBE implementation, challenges experienced and perceived solutions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CBE was perceived differently ranging from a subject, a course, a program or a project. Despite having similar curricula, institutions differ in the administration, implementation and assessment of CBE. Objectives of CBE, the curricula content and implementation strategies differ in similar institutions. On collaborative and social learning, most trainees do not reside in the community, though they work on group projects and write group reports. Lectures and skills demonstrations were the main instruction methods. Assessment involved mainly continuous assessment, oral or written reports and summative examination.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This assessment identified deficiencies in the design and implementation of CBE at several health professional training institutions, with major flaws identified in curriculum content, supervision of trainees, inappropriate assessment, trainee welfare, and underutilization of opportunities for contextual and collaborative learning. Since CBE showed potential to benefit the trainees, community and institutions, we propose a model that delivers a minimum package of CBE and overcomes the wide variation in the concept, conduct and implementation of CBE.</p
Criminal and Noncriminal Psychopathy: The Devil is in the Detail
Brooks, NS ORCiD: 0000-0003-1784-099XPsychopathy is prevalent and problematic in criminal populations, but is also found to be present in noncriminal populations. In 1992, Robert Hare declared that psychopaths may also âbe found in the boardroomâ, which has since been followed by an interest in the issue of noncriminal, or even successful, psychopathy. In this chapter, the paradox of criminal and noncriminal psychopathy is discussed with specific attention given to the similarities and differences that account for psychopathic personality across contexts. That psychopathy is a condition typified by a constellation of traits and behaviours requires wider research across diverse populations, and thus the streams of research related to criminal and noncriminal psychopathy are presented and the implications of these contrasting streams are explored
Holocentric Chromosomes of Luzula elegans Are Characterized by a Longitudinal Centromere Groove, Chromosome Bending, and a Terminal Nucleolus Organizer Region
The structure of holocentric chromosomes was analyzed in mitotic cells of Luzula elegans. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations provided evidence for the existence of a longitudinal groove along each sister chromatid. The centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENH3, colocalized with this groove and with microtubule attachment sites. The terminal chromosomal regions were CENH3-negative. During metaphase to anaphase transition, L. elegans chromosomes typically curved to a sickle-like shape, a process that is likely to be influenced by the pulling forces of microtubules along the holocentric axis towards the corresponding microtubule organizing regions. A single pair of 45S rDNA sites, situated distal to Arabidopsis-telomere repeats, was observed at the terminal region of one chromosome pair. We suggest that the 45S rDNA position in distal centromere-free regions could be required to ensure chromosome stability. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base
Contact Manifolds, Contact Instantons, and Twistor Geometry
Recently, Kallen and Zabzine computed the partition function of a twisted
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on the five-dimensional sphere using
localisation techniques. Key to their construction is a five-dimensional
generalisation of the instanton equation to which they refer as the contact
instanton equation. Subject of this article is the twistor construction of this
equation when formulated on K-contact manifolds and the discussion of its
integrability properties. We also present certain extensions to higher
dimensions and supersymmetric generalisations.Comment: v3: 28 pages, clarifications and references added, version to appear
in JHE
COX inhibitors and breast cancer
There is considerable evidence to suggest that prostaglandins play an important role in the development and growth of cancer. The enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX) catalyses the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. In recent years, there has been interest in a possible role for COX inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of malignancy. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in several epithelial tumours, including breast cancer. Preclinical evidence favours an antitumour role for COX inhibitors in breast cancer. However, the epidemiological evidence for an association is conflicting. Trials are being conducted to study the use of COX inhibitors alone and in combination with other agents in the chemoprevention of breast cancer, and in the neo-adjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic treatment settings. In evaluating the potential use of these agents particularly in cancer chemoprophylaxis, the safety profile is as important as their efficacy. Concern over the cardiovascular safety of both selective and nonselective COX-inhibitors has recently been highlighted
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