Preassociative aggregation functions

The classical property of associativity is very often considered in aggregation function theory and fuzzy logic. In this paper we provide axiomatizations of various classes of preassociative functions, where preassociativity is a generalization of associativity recently introduced by the authors. These axiomatizations are based on existing characterizations of some noteworthy classes of associative operations, such as the class of Acz\'elian semigroups and the class of t-norms.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1309.730

Influence of aluminum doping on the properties of LiCoO2 and LiNi0.5Co0.5O2 oxides

We have prepared LiCo1−yAlyO2 and LiNi0.5−yAlyCo0.5O2 (0≤y≤0.3) powder samples by a low temperature sol–gel method using succinic acid as chelating agent. We have studied the details of their crystallographic and local structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively; we have analyzed their chemical composition by ICP and obtained information about the morphology of the polycrystalline particles by SEM. Also, we have studied the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared materials in the LiLiNi0.5−yAlyCo0.5O2 cells cycled in the potential range 2.5–4.2 V finding that the overall capacity of the oxides has been reduced due to the metal substitution. For example, at 4.2 V cut-off, the charge capacity of the LiLiNi0.35Al0.15Co0.5O2 cell is ca. 115 mA h/g. However, more stable charge–discharge cycling performances have been obtained as compared to those displayed by the native oxides. Finally, we have characterized the kinetics of Li-diffusion by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and, according to our results, Al substitution provides an increase in the chemical diffusion coefficients of Li ions in the LiNi0.5−yAlyCo0.5O2 matrix.Spanish and French Foreing Office; PAI Picasso 00717TCSpanish and French Foreing Office; HF 1999-010

The effect of artificial side wind on the serve ofcompetitive tennis players

In tennis, the serve is the shot ofgreatest importance.The servedependsmainly on the player’stechnique, however,environmental factorscan influencethe accuracy of the serve. This study highlights the effect of side wind on the serve of 12 experienced tennis players. The players were asked to hit the intersection point betweenthe centralandthe service line at maximum speed while awind effect was artificially generated by a ventilator setup with various speed of Induced Aerodynamic Flow (IAF).Each player’s serve was then analyzed using error ellipsesas a statistical measure. Thismethod allowed us toevaluate theeffect of "random wind"in comparison to“constant wind” on the accuracy of the serves.The truncated Fourier series analysis showedthat there was an adaptive pattern in the accuracy of the serve dependingon therandom wind. However in four players,the more unpredictablethe impact of the wind the more accurate they becamewith the serve. The fact that there was not a linear trend in the accuracy of serveswhen IAFincreased shows that each playeradapts differentlytothe windinfluence.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uso de antibióticos no controle da contaminação in vitro de segmentos caulinares de camu-camuzeiro.

Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes doses de antibióticos adicionados ao meio de cultura do controle da contaminação bacteriana in vitro de segmentos caulinares de camucamuzeiro

Avaliação do Impacte do Programa de Formação em Ensino Experimental das Ciências: Um estudo de âmbito nacional: Relatório Final

O Programa de Formação em Ensino Experimental das Ciências para Professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (PFEEC), desenvolveu-se ao longo de quatro anos letivos, entre 2006 e 2010, envolvendo um plano de formação contínua, de âmbito nacional, e a produção e disponibilização de recursos didáticos para Formadores de Professores e para Professores do 1.º ciclo. O programa alicerçou-se no reconhecimento de que o Ensino Experimental das Ciências, nos primeiros anos de escolaridade, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da literacia científica dos alunos e para o desenvolvimento de capacidades necessárias ao exercício de uma cidadania informada. Todos os materiais produzidos no âmbito deste Programa estão ao dispor de toda a comunidade educativa, na página da DGE, podendo ser utilizados na Formação de Professores bem como na prática letiva dos professores deste nível de ensino. O programa envolveu ainda a dotação financeira das escolas de 1.º ciclo participantes para o apetrechamento do equipamento laboratorial considerado imprescindível ao desenvolvimento do trabalho experimental neste nível de escolaridade. Participaram no Programa um total de 5141 professores formandos, 4245 escolas e 149 359 alunos. Tendo em conta o conhecimento científico-pedagógico proporcionado aos professores por este Programa, bem como o apetrechamento das escolas envolvidas e os recursos produzidos, considerou-se importante levar a efeito um estudo, que permitisse avaliar o seu impacte nas práticas docentes e nos resultados de aprendizagens dos alunos. O relatório final que agora se apresenta é o resultado desse estudo, o qual foi coordenado pela Professora Isabel Martins, a quem competiu constituir e dirigir a equipa de investigação. Nele se descreve o modo como o estudo de avaliação, conduzido a nível nacional, foi desenvolvido, bem como os resultados e conclusões alcançados

The variability of the serve toss in tennis under the influence of artificial crosswind

This study was made to analyze the variability and stability of the serve toss in tennis, on the x (side-to-side), y (back-to-front) and z (vertical) axes, with 12 experienced players under the influence of crosswind (induced aerodynamic flow) produced by an industrial ventilator. The players were analyzed individually after serving at maximum speed and accuracy to the intersection point of the centre line and service line ("T" point). The results allow us to conclude that the experienced players tend to stabilize the vertical dimension of the service (z axis). Additionally, this study confirms the invariability of the player height ratio: height of impact (1:1.5) in experienced players even when constrained by the "artificial crosswind." Given the above, the vertical dimension of the tennis serve is assumed as a constant feature, which is guaranteed in the remaining varying dimensions (y and x axes) of the ball toss. Thus, the variability should be seen as part of the solution and not as something to be avoided by players and coaches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clones with finitely many relative R-classes

For each clone C on a set A there is an associated equivalence relation analogous to Green's R-relation, which relates two operations on A iff each one is a substitution instance of the other using operations from C. We study the clones for which there are only finitely many relative R-classes.Comment: 41 pages; proofs improved, examples adde