45,X/46,XY qh–karyotype and aspermia. Case report

A 41-years old male with short stature, abnormal male sex differentiation, aspermia and schizoid character disorder is described. The patient was studied from clinical, endocrinological and genetic perspectives. Cytogenetical analysis revealed a chromosomic mosaicism formed by two normal lines 45X and 46,XY qh–. Molecular studies on AZF region evidenced that it was conserved. The correlation of the symptoms with the cytogenetic finding is discussed.Пациент 41 года, с задержкой роста, аномальным развитием мужских половых признаков, аспермией и шизоидным типом темперамента был изучен в отношении клинических, эндокринологических и генетических параметров. Цитогенетический анализ показал хромосомный мозаицизм, полученный от двух нормальных линий 45X и 46,XY qh–. Молекулярный анализ локуса AZF показал, что он был сохранен. Обсуждается корреляция симптомов с цитогенетическими данными.Пацієнт 41 року, із затримкою росту, аномальним розвитком чоловічих статевих ознак, аспермією і шизоїдним типом темпераменту був досліджений відносно клінічних, ендокринологічних і генетичних параметрів. Цитогенетичний аналіз показав хромосомний мозаїцизм, отриманий від двох нормальних ліній 45X і 46,XY qh–. Молекулярний аналіз локуса AZF показав, що він був збережений. Обговорюється кореляція симптомів з цитогенетичними даними

Impact of endostatin gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells from a metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Aim: To evaluate the role of endostatin (ES) gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in a metastatic model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: Balb/C mice bearing orthotopic Renca tumors were treated with NIH/3T3LendSN or, as a control, with NIH/3T3-LXSN cells. At the end of in vivo experiment, plasma and tissue lung samples were collected. Plasma ES and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were measured by ELISA and Milliplex, respectively. Quantification of CD11b⁺Gr⁻1⁺ cells and their subsets was performed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in CD11b⁺Gr⁻1⁺ MDSC using the DCFDA marker by flow cytometry. Results: Metastatic RCC (mRCC) induced expansions of CD11b⁺Gr⁻1⁺ MDSC and promoted accumulation of these cells and their subtypes in lymphoid organ and metastases. ES treatment promoted low G-CSF plasmatic levels which were produced by the tumor microenvironment, reflecting the reduced metastatic accumulation of CD11b⁺Gr⁻1⁺ MDSC in the lungs. However, the therapy was selective for granulocytic cells, thus reducing the production of ROS. Conclusion: These findings confirm the expansion of MDSC during metastatic progression of RCC and indicate the important role of ES in reducing MDSC and possible use of ES therapy in combined anticancer treatment

KUALITAS KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK SOSIS DARAH TRADISIONAL (TA’BU) KAMBINGYANG DIBERI TAMBAHANPASTA ASAM TAMARIN(Tamarindus indica L.) (Chemical and organoleptik quality of traditional bloodsausages (ta'bu) added tamarind acid paste (Tamarindus indica L.)

This study aimed to determine the chemical and organoleptic quality of traditional blood sausage (Ta'bu) that added tamarind acid paste(Tamarindus indica L.) with different level. The materials used were goat blood, mutton, goat abdominal fat, goat liver, grated coconut, black rice flour, tamarind paste, salt, and herbs. Completely randomized design (CRD) 4x3 was used in this experiment.  The four treatments consisted of P0; without tamarind paste, P1; tamarind paste 2%, P2; tamarind paste 4% and P3; tamarind paste 6%. The variables measured were content of water, fat, protein, crude fiber, cholesterol, and color, aroma, taste, and texture. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the addition of tamarind paste caused the water and fiber content to increase, while the fat and cholesterol content decreased (P<0.01), the texture was moderate to fine and the color varied from light brown to red-brown (P<0.05). The lowest fat and cholesterol content were 13.70% and 83.28% respectively at P3 (6%), and dark brown in colour with texture medium – smooth, or the same as the control. The results of this study concluded that the best addition of tamarind paste was at the 6% level

Ladder type operators and recurrence relations for the radial wave functions of the N-th dimensional oscillators and hydrogenlike atoms

Using the method described in [11], we present some new ladder type operators and recurrence relations for the radial wave functions of the N-th dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillators and the hydrogenlike atoms

Long time behaviour and self-similarity in an addition model with slow Input of monomers

We consider a coagulation equation with constant coefficients and a time dependent power law input of monomers. We discuss the asymptotic behaviour of solutions as $t \to \infty$, and we prove solutions converge to a similarity profile along the non-characteristic direction

High Prevalence Of α-thalassemia Among Individuals With Microcytosis And Hypochromia Without Anemia

In order to determine the contribution of α-thalassemia to microcytosis and hypochromia, 339 adult outpatients seen at Unicamp University Hospital (with the exception of the Clinical Hematology outpatient clinics), who showed normal hemoglobin (Hb) levels and reduced mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, were analyzed. Ninety-eight were Blacks (28.9%) and 241 were Caucasians (71.1%). In all cases, Hb A2 and F levels were either normal or low. The most common deletional and nondeletional forms of α-thalassemia [-α3.7, -α4.2, -MED, -(α)20.5, αHphIα, αNcolα, ααNcoI and αTSAUDI] were investigated by PCR and restriction enzyme analyses. A total of 169 individuals (49.9%) presented α-thalassemia: 145 (42.8%) were heterozygous for the -α3.7 deletion (-α3.7/αα) and 18 (5.3%) homozygous (-α3.7/-α3.7), 5 (1.5%) were heterozygous for the nondeletional form αHPhlα/αα, and 1 (0.3%) was a -MED carrier (-MED/αα). Among the Blacks, 56 (57.1%) showed the -α3.7/ αα genotype, whereas 12 (12.2%) were -α3.7/-α3.7 and I (1.0%) was an αHPhlα carrier; among the Caucasians, 89 (36.9%) were -α3.7/αα, 6 (2.5%) had the -α3.7/-α3.7 genotype, 4 (1.7%) presented the nondeletional form (αHPhlα/αα), and 1 (0.4%) was a -MED carrier. These results demonstrate that α-thalassemia, mainly through the -α3.7 deletion, is an important cause of microcytosis and hypochromia in individuals without anemia. These data are of clinical relevance since these hematological alterations are often interpreted as indicators of iron deficiency.346759762Weatherall, D.J., Clegg, J.G., (1981) The Thalassaemia Syndromes. 3rd Edn., , Blackwell Scientific Publications, OxfordBunn, H.F., Forget, B.G., (1986) Hemoglobin: Molecular, Genetics and Clinical Aspects, , W.B. Saunders, PhiladelphiaHiggs, D.R., Vickers, M.A., Wilkie, A.O.M., Pretorius, I.M., Jarman, A.P., Weatherall, D.J., A review of the molecular genetics of the human α-globin gene cluster (1989) Blood, 73, pp. 1081-1104Kazazian H., Jr., The thalassemia syndromes: Molecular basis and prenatal diagnosis in 1990 (1990) Seminars in Hematology, 27, pp. 209-228Harteveld, K.L., Losekoot, M., Ajgam, H., Van Der Wielen, M., Giordano, P.C., Bernini, L.F., α-Thalassaemia in the Netherlands: A heterogeneous spectrum of both deletions and point mutations (1997) Human Genetics, 100, pp. 465-471Higgs, D.R., α-Thalassaemia (1993) Baillieres Clinical Haematology, 6, pp. 117-150Kattamis, A.C., Camaschella, C., Sivera, P., Surrey, S., Fortina, P., Human α-thalassemia syndromes: Detection of molecular defects (1996) American Journal of Hematology, 53, pp. 81-91Bianco, I., Cappabianca, M.P., Foglietta, E., Lerone, M., Deidda, G., Morlupi, L., Grisanti, P., Graziani, B., Silent thalassemias: Genotypes and phenotypes (1997) Haematologica, 82, pp. 269-280Galanello, R., Sollaino, C., Paglietti, E., Barella, S., Perra, C., Doneddu, I., Pirroni, M.G., Cao, A., α-Thalassemia carrier identification by DNA analysis in the screening for thalassemia (1998) American Journal of Hematology, 59, pp. 273-278Sonati, M.F., Costa, F.F., Hemoglobin Bart's in a Brazilian black population (1990) Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 23, pp. 395-396Sonati, M.F., Farah, S.B., Ramalho, A.S., Costa, F.F., High prevalence of α-thalassemia in a Black population of Brazil (1991) Hemoglobin, 15, pp. 309-311Zago, M.A., Costa, F.F., Bottura, C., Hemoglobin H disease in three Brazilian families (1984) Revista Brasileira de Genética, 7, pp. 137-147Wenning, M.R.S.C., Kimura, E.M., Costa, F.F., Saad, S.T.O., Gervásio, S.A., De Jorge, S.B., Borges, E., Sonati, M.F., α-Globin genes: Thalassemic and structural alterations in a Brazilian population (2000) Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 33, pp. 1041-1045Dodé, C., Krishnamoorthy, R., Lamb, J., Rochette, J., Rapid analysis of -α3.7 thalassaemia and αααanti 3.7 triplication by enzymatic amplification analysis (1993) British Journal of Haematology, 82, pp. 105-111Bowden, D.K., Vickers, M.A., Higgs, D.R., A PCR-based strategy to detect the common severe determinants of a thalassaemia (1992) British Journal of Haematology, 81, pp. 104-108Oron-Karni, V., Filon, D., Oppenheim, A., Rund, D., Rapid detection of the common Mediterranean α-globin deletions/rearrangements using PCR (1998) American Journal of Hematology, 58, pp. 306-310Hall, G.W., Thein, S.L., Newland, C.A., Chisholm, J.T.S., Kanavakis, E., Kattamis, C., Higgs, D.R., A base substitution (T→C) in codon 29 of the α2-globin gene causes α thalassemia (1993) British Journal of Haematology, 85, pp. 546-552Pearson, H.A., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Rinder, H.M., Hemosiderosis in a normal child secondary to oral iron medication (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 429-43

Immunoparasitological Diagnosis Of Strongyloides Stercoralis In Garbage Collectors In Uberlândia, Mg, Brazil

The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis in urban garbage collectors through the use of immunological and parasitological methods. A total of 92 individuals were evaluated from August, 1997, to June, 1998. For the parasitological diagnosis Baermann and Lutz' methods were applied. The immunological diagnosis involved the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect specific IgG antibodies. Of the 92 workers examined, six (6.5%) were infected with larvae of S. stercoralis. The IFAT detected 19 (16.3%) and the ELISA 17 (18.5%) positive serum samples. The differences between the results of parasitological and immunological methods were statistically significant (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that there is a need to improve the health conditions of this category of city employees.6203/04/15180182CONCHA, R., HARRINGTON, J.R.W., ROGERS, A.L., Intestinal strongyloidiasis: Recognition, management and determinants of outcome (2005) J Clin Gastroenterol, 39, pp. 203-211SIDDIQUI, A.A., BERK, S.L., Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection (2001) Clin Infect Dis, 33, pp. 1040-1047FERREIRA, M., Strongyloidiasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2003) Enf Emerg, 5, pp. 18-26VADLAMUDI, R.S., CHI, D.S., KRISHANASWAMY, G., Intestinal strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome (2006) Clin Mol Allergy, 4, pp. 1-13BAERMANN G. Eine Einfache methode zur auffindung von Ankylostomum (Nematoden) larven in Erdproben. Mededeel mit h. Geneesk Lab Weltvreden Feestbundel, Batavia, 1917, p. 41-7LUTZ, A.V., Schistosoma mansoni e a schistosomose, Segundo observações feitas no Brasil. (1919) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 11, pp. 121-125COSTA-CRUZ, J.M., BULLAMAH, C.B., GONÇALVEZ-PIRES, M.R.F., Cryo-microtome sections of coproculture larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides ratti as antigen sources for the immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis (1997) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 39, pp. 313-317MACHADO, E.R., UETA, M.T., GONÇALVES-PIRES, M.R.F., Strongyloides venezuelensis alkaline extract for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2003) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 98, pp. 849-853MACHADO, E.R., COSTA-CRUZ, J.M., Strongyloides stercoralis and other enteroparasites in children at Uberlândia City, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (1998) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 93, pp. 161-164PAULA, F.M., CASTRO, E., GONÇALVES-PIRES, M.R.F., Parasitological and immunological diagnoses of strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised children at Uberlândia City, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (2000) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 42, pp. 51-55OLIVEIRA, L.C.M., RIBEIRO, C.T., MENDES, D.M., Frequency of Strongyloides stercoralis in alcoholics (2002) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 97, pp. 119-121LINDO, J.F., CONWAY, D.J., ATKINS, N.S., Prospective evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot methods for the diagnosis of endemic Strongyloides stercoralis infection (1994) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 51, pp. 175-179CLARK, C.S., LINNEMANN Jr, C.C., CLARK, J.G., Enteric parasites in workers occupationally exposed to sewage (1984) J Occup Med, 26, pp. 273-275SCHLOSSER, O., RALL, D., LAURECEAU, M.-N., Intestinal parasite carriage in workers exposed to sewage (1999) Eur J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 261-265GOMES, T.C., ALMEIDA, M.F., MUIRA, L.A., Helmintoses intestinais em população de rua da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. (2002) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 35, pp. 531-53

Ammonia levels on in vitro degradation of fibrous carbohydrates from buffel grass

This study was carried out to examine the degradation dynamics of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and the profile of volatile fatty acids that originate from the fermentation of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris, L.) with various levels of ammonia in the growth medium. The treatments consisted of six levels of ammonia in the growth medium (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/dL), which were obtained by adding urea. These in vitro incubation times were evaluated in three replicates per time for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Rumen concentrations of acetate and propionate responded quadratically to the ammonia levels. The treatment with 15 mg/dL of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid provided mean acetate and propionate contents of 57.6 mM and 23.1 mM, respectively. Urea addition elevated the degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction of NDF (pdNDF) from 2.5% to 20.1% in comparison with the treatment without urea and to a reduction in estimated discrete lag time from 0.34 to 2.31 hours. Urea supplementation increased the specific microorganism growth rate from 2.6% to 20.1%. At the end of the incubation trial, NDF degradation showed a quadratic response, with maximum value obtained at 17.76 mg/dL of ammonia in the rumen fluid. Urea improves the degradation dynamics of NDF from deferred buffel grass and increases the concentrations of acetate and propionate.Keywords: Cenchrus ciliaris, degradation kinetics, non-protein nitrogen, ure

A folding ADC based on switched capacitor circuits in 350 nm CMOS

Peer Reviewe

Sistemas de patentes e princípio da suficiência descritiva: uma abordagem a partir do Direito Brasileiro e do Direito Internacional

Os sistemas de patentes pretendem incentivar o desenvolvimento tecnológico de duas maneiras: em primeiro lugar, criando um monopólio temporário a favor do inventor, permitindo-lhe colher os benefícios patrimoniais da sua criatividade e, se for o caso, recuperar os custos do investimento que por ele ou por outros investidores haja sido realizado na atividade de pesquisa e desenvolvimento que possibilitou a invenção. Em segundo lugar, promovendo a divulgação e partilha do conhecimento inovador e inventivo, possibilitando a comercialização dos inventos e o progresso científico. Estas são as principais virtualidades do sistema de patentes