1,138 research outputs found
ERCC1 and XRCC1 as biomarkers for lung and head and neck cancer
Advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are both treated with DNA damaging agents including platinum-based compounds and radiation therapy. However, at least one quarter of all tumors are resistant or refractory to these genotoxic agents. Yet the agents are extremely toxic, leading to undesirable side effects with potentially no benefit. Alternative therapies exist, but currently there are no tools to predict whether the first-line genotoxic agents will work in any given patient. To maximize therapeutic success and limit unnecessary toxicity, emerging clinical trials aim to inform personalized treatments tailored to the biology of individual tumors. Worldwide, significant resources have been invested in identifying biomarkers for guiding the treatment of lung and head and neck cancer. DNA repair proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (ERCC1) and of the base excision repair pathway (XRCC1), which are instrumental in clearing DNA damage caused by platinum drugs and radiation, have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers of clinical outcomes in lung and head and neck cancers. The results are complex and contradictory. Here we summarize the current status of single nucleotide polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein expression of ERCC1 and XRCC1 in relation to cancer risk and patient outcomes. © 2011 Vaezi et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd
A Rigorous Proof of Fermi Liquid Behavior for Jellium Two-Dimensional Interacting Fermions
Using the method of continuous constructive renormalization group around the
Fermi surface, it is proved that a jellium two-dimensional interacting system
of Fermions at low temperature remains analytic in the coupling constant
for where is some numerical constant
and is the temperature. Furthermore in that range of parameters, the first
and second derivatives of the self-energy remain bounded, a behavior which is
that of Fermi liquids and in particular excludes Luttinger liquid behavior. Our
results prove also that in dimension two any transition temperature must be
non-perturbative in the coupling constant, a result expected on physical
grounds. The proof exploits the specific momentum conservation rules in two
dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Incorporating sprouted chickpea flour in pasta increases brachial artery flow-mediated dilation
Purpose Consumption of alternative flours, such as sprouted chickpea flour, has shown increased popularity in recent years. Foods rich in antioxidants have been shown to influence brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a non-invasive test of a crucial layer of the artery called the endothelium. Partially replacing the semolina flour in pasta with sprouted chickpea flour (SCF) may acutely affect endothelial function post-digestion. We sought to determine if FMD was higher, lower, or the same post-digestion of pasta made with 60% semolina flour and 40% SCF (SCF40) vs. post-digestion of pasta made with 100% semolina flour (SEM100, i.e., control). Methods Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analysis was performed on the same flour samples. Healthy participants underwent a screening visit and two randomized controlled meal data collection visits (SCF40 and SEM100). At each data collection visit, participants consumed 255 g of pasta with butter. FMD was assessed 2–3 h after pasta consumption. Results TEAC results showed that SCF40 (2.031 ± 0.096 mmol trolox/100 g sample) had significantly greater antioxidant capacity than SEM100 (1.736 ± 0.046 mmol trolox/100 g sample; p = 0.02). Twenty-two healthy participants (5 men and 17 women; 26 ± 2 years, 66.6 ± 2.3 kg, BMI = 24 ± 1 kg/m2, SBP = 114 ± 3 mmHg, DBP = 75 ± 2 mmHg, HR = 74 ± 3 BPM) were studied. FMD in the SCF40 condition (10.3% ± 1.2%) was greater than the SEM100 condition (7.9% ± 0.8%, p = 0.02). Conclusion These data suggest that partial substitution with sprouted chickpea flour in place of semolina flour in pasta acutely improves post-digestion FMD, which may be beneficial for cardiovascular health (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03801486)
Truncation of a 2-dimensional Fermi surface due to quasiparticle gap formation at the saddle points
We study a two-dimensional Fermi liquid with a Fermi surface containing the
saddle points and . Including Cooper and Peierls channel
contributions leads to a one-loop renormalization group flow to strong coupling
for short range repulsive interactions. In a certain parameter range the
characteristics of the fixed point, opening of a spin and charge gap and
dominant pairing correlations are similar to those of a 2-leg ladder at
half-filling. An increase of the electron density we argue leads to a
truncation of the Fermi surface with only 4 disconnected arcs remaining.Comment: Reference added. RevTeX 4 pages incl. 4 ps file
The Carbon-Rich Gas in the Beta Pictoris Circumstellar Disk
The edge-on disk surrounding the nearby young star Beta Pictoris is the
archetype of the "debris disks", which are composed of dust and gas produced by
collisions and evaporation of planetesimals, analogues of Solar System comets
and asteroids. These disks provide a window on the formation and early
evolution of terrestrial planets. Previous observations of Beta Pic concluded
that the disk gas has roughly solar abundances of elements [1], but this poses
a problem because such gas should be rapidly blown away from the star, contrary
to observations of a stable gas disk in Keplerian rotation [1, 2]. Here we
report the detection of singly and doubly ionized carbon (CII, CIII) and
neutral atomic oxygen (OI) gas in the Beta Pic disk; measurement of these
abundant volatile species permits a much more complete gas inventory. Carbon is
extremely overabundant relative to every other measured element. This appears
to solve the problem of the stable gas disk, since the carbon overabundance
should keep the gas disk in Keplerian rotation [3]. New questions arise,
however, since the overabundance may indicate the gas is produced from material
more carbon-rich than the expected Solar System analogues.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nature. PDF document, 12 pages.
Supplementary information may be found at
http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/akir/Documents/roberge_supp.pdf *** Version 2 :
Removed extraneous publication information, per instructions from the Nature
editor. No other changes mad
Gentle Perturbations of the Free Bose Gas I
It is demonstrated that the thermal structure of the noncritical free Bose
Gas is completely described by certain periodic generalized Gaussian stochastic
process or equivalently by certain periodic generalized Gaussian random field.
Elementary properties of this Gaussian stochastic thermal structure have been
established. Gentle perturbations of several types of the free thermal
stochastic structure are studied. In particular new models of non-Gaussian
thermal structures have been constructed and a new functional integral
representation of the corresponding euclidean-time Green functions have been
obtained rigorously.Comment: 51 pages, LaTeX fil
Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data, zenith distributions, and three-flavor oscillations
We present a detailed analysis of the zenith angle distributions of
atmospheric neutrino events observed in the Super-Kamiokande (SK) underground
experiment, assuming two-flavor and three-flavor oscillations (with one
dominant mass scale) among active neutrinos. In particular, we calculate the
five angular distributions associated to sub-GeV and multi-GeV \mu-like and
e-like events and to upward through-going muons, for a total of 30 accurately
computed observables (zenith bins). First we study how such observables vary
with the oscillation parameters, and then we perform a fit to the experimental
data as measured in SK for an exposure of 33 kTy (535 days). In the two-flavor
mixing case, we confirm the results of the SK Collaboration analysis, namely,
that \nu_\mu\nu_\tau oscillations are preferred over \nu_\mu\nu_e,
and that the no oscillation case is excluded with high confidence. In the
three-flavor mixing case, we perform our analysis with and without the
additional constraints imposed by the CHOOZ reactor experiment. In both cases,
the analysis favors a dominance of the \nu_\mu\nu_\tau channel. Without
the CHOOZ constraints, the amplitudes of the subdominant \nu_\munu_e and
\nu_e\nu_\tau transitions can also be relatively large, indicating that,
at present, current SK data do not exclude sizable \nu_e mixing by themselves.
After combining the CHOOZ and SK data, the amplitudes of the subdominant
transitions are constrained to be smaller, but they can still play a
nonnegligible role both in atmospheric and other neutrino oscillation searches.
In particular, we find that the \nu_e appearance probability expected in long
baseline experiments can reach the testable level of ~15%.Comment: 35 pages (RevTeX), including 20 ps figures (with epsfig.sty
Clinicians' caseload management behaviours as explanatory factors in patients' length of time on caseloads : a predictive multilevel study in paediatric community occupational therapy
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Fungal iron availability during deep seated candidiasis is defined by a complex interplay involving systemic and local events
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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