Integrated syphilis/HIV screening in China: a qualitative analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The last decade has seen enormous advances in HIV treatment and care, but how to implement scaled up HIV testing, prevention, and treatment in low-income areas still presents a formidable public health challenge. South China faces expanding syphilis and sexually transmitted HIV epidemics, but health systems characteristics important for scaling up syphilis and HIV testing have not been defined.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A purposive sample to ensure public, private, and public-private hybrid STI clinic inclusion was selected in a South China city. Eight key informant interviews were conducted with the STI clinic manager, followed by eight focus group discussions with physicians. Data collection relied on a semi-structured format that included questions in each of the following domains: 1) clinical facilities; 2) laboratory capacity with a focus on syphilis/HIV diagnosis; 3) clinic personnel; 4) physical space with a focus on locations to disclose confidential results; 5) financial support.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Public STI clinics had free syphilis testing/treatment and laboratory facilities to perform essential syphilis and HIV tests. However, despite serving a large number of STI patients, private STI clinics lacked nontreponemal syphilis testing, HIV testing, and had fewer connections to the public health infrastructure. Formally trained assistant physicians were 2.5 times as common as physicians at STI clinics. Only one of the 8 sites had onsite voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services available.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These STI case studies reveal the potential for expanding integrated syphilis/HIV services at public STI clinics in China. More health services research is needed to guide scale-up of syphilis/HIV testing in China.</p

1,3-Oxazinan-2-ones via carbonate chemistry: A facile, high yielding synthetic approach

A high yielding synthesis of 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones starting from 3-amino-1-propanols and ethylene carbonate (EC) in the presence of catalytic amount of triazabicyclodecene (TBD) is herein reported. The formation of six-membered cyclic carbonates was achieved by intermolecular cyclization reaction via double BAc2 mechanism. Cyclization reactions have been carried out in neat as EC acted both as solvent and reagent. Pure 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones were isolated in high yield by simple liquid-liquid extraction. Further purification can be achieved by recrystallization. The reaction resulted of general application on different substrates including an aryl bis(3-amino-proan-1-ol) compound.A high yielding synthesis of 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones starting from 3-amino-1-propanols and ethylene carbonate (EC) in the presence of catalytic amount of triazabicyclodecene (TBD) is herein reported. The formation of six-membered cyclic carbonates was achieved by intermolecular cyclization reaction via double BAc2 mechanism. Cyclization reactions have been carried out in neat as EC acted both as solvent and reagent. Pure 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones were isolated in high yield by simple liquid-liquid extraction. Further purification can be achieved by recrystallization. The reaction resulted of general application on different substrates including an aryl bis(3-amino-proan-1-ol) compound

Actuación de las Fuerzas Armadas en la crisis de la COVID-19

There are many of us who would have liked to have collaborated more actively in the direct fight against COVID-19, framed in one of the units of Operation Balmis. Unfortunately, this has not been possible because each one of us must be where he or she belongs, effectively carrying out the tasks of his or her post. For the extraction and proposal of contributions that may be useful, the crisis caused by the spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus (COVID-19 disease) has been structured in four phases. This structuring will allow us to present a series of activities and measures that should have been taken in each phase, to face the crisis in the best possible conditions. Finally, the proposals that could be of interest in the future are developed, which are the final objective of this document.Somos muchos a los que nos hubiera gustado colaborar de una manera más activa en la lucha directa contra la COVID-19, encuadrados en alguna de las unidades de la Operación Balmis. Desgraciadamente no ha sido posible porque cada uno tiene que estar donde le corresponde, cumpliendo eficazmente los cometidos de su puesto. Para la extracción y propuesta de aportaciones que puedan resultar útiles, se ha estructurado la crisis provocada por la expansión del virus SARS-COV-2 (enfermedad COVID-19) en cuatro fases. Esta división nos permitirá presentar una serie de actividades y medidas que debieran haber sido tomadas en cada fase, para poder enfrentarse a la crisis en las mejores condiciones posibles. Finalmente se desarrollan las propuestas que pudieran ser de interés en el futuro, y que son el objetivo final del presente documento