Salivary gland-sparing other than parotid-sparing in definitive head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiotherapy does not seem to jeopardize local control.

International audienceBACKGROUND: The objective was to analyze locoregional (LR) failure patterns in patients with head-and-neck cancer (HNC) treated using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with whole salivary gland-sparing: parotid (PG), submandibular (SMG), and accessory salivary glands represented by the oral cavity (OC). METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients with Stage I-II (23%) or III/IV (77%) HNC treated by definitive IMRT were included. For all LR failure patients, the FDG-PET and CT scans documenting recurrence were rigidly registered to the initial treatment planning CT. Failure volumes (Vf) were delineated based on clinical, radiological, and histological data. The percentage of Vf covered by 95% of the prescription isodose (Vf-V95) was analyzed. Failures were classified as "in-field" if Vf--V95 >= 95%, "marginal" if 20% < Vf-V95 < 95%, and "out-of-field" if Vf-V95 <=20%. Correlation between Vf-V95 and mean doses (Dmean) in the PG, SMG, and OC was assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation test. The salivary gland dose impact on the LR recurrence risk was assessed by Cox analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 20 months (6--35). Contralateral and ipsilateral PGs were spared in 98% and 54% of patients, respectively, and contralateral and ipsilateral SMG in 26% and 7%, respectively. The OC was spared to a dose <=40 Gy in 26 patients (37%). The 2-year LR control rate was 76.5%. One recurrence was "marginal", and 12 were "in-field". No recurrence was observed in vicinity of spared structures. Vf-V95 was not significantly correlated with Dmean in PG, SMG, and OC. The LR recurrence risk was not increased by lower Dmean in the salivary glands, but by T (p = 0.04) and N stages (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Over 92% of LR failures occurred "in-field" within the high dose region when using IMRT with a whole salivary gland-sparing strategy. Sparing SMG and OC in addition to PG thus appears a safe strategy

Opening The Door to Oral Health. Stage VI

Introducción: En este proyecto se desarrollaron actividades educativas individuales, grupales y familiares, así como también, a través de acciones preventivas orientadas a la disminución de los factores de riesgo, que contribuyen a la aparición de enfermedades bucales, revertir la problemática de lesiones cariosas en molares de niños de 3 a 11 años, considerando las edades de los destinatarios, como por ejemplo la relevancia del flúor como protección de la caries dental y la aplicación de selladores de fosas y fisuras, debido a la alta prevalencia. Objetivos: conocer índices epidemiológicos iniciales en pos de identificar problemáticas específicas para posible resolución, generar un cambio de actitud con respecto a los hábitos de higiene bucal, enseñar técnica de cepillado y el uso de complementos de higiene bucal, concientizar y capacitar a los padres para realizar acciones de autocuidado y la consulta periódica al odontólogo.Introduction In this project, individual, group and family educational activities were developed, as well as, through preventive actions aimed at reducing risk factors that contribute to the appearance of oral diseases, reversing the problem of carious lesions in molars of children from 3 to 11 years old, considering the ages of the recipients, such as the relevance of fluoride as protection against dental caries and the application of pit and fissure sealants, due to the high prevalence Objectives: to know initial epidemiological indices in order to identify specific problems for possible resolution, generate a change of attitude regarding oral hygiene habits, teach brushing technique and the use of oral hygiene supplements, raise awareness and train parents to perform self-care actions and regular consultation with the dentist.Facultad de Odontologí

Preventive Behaviors Against Dental Trauma. Stage 4. Extension Project

Introducción: Los traumatismos alveolodentales son lesiones causadas por fuerzas que actúan sobre el órgano dentario y los tejidos de sostén siendo diagnosticados a simple vista o radiográficamente. Estas afecciones se dan fundamentalmente en los niños y adolescentes, e influyen en la pérdida de piezas dentarias temporales y permanentes. Provocan además una disfunción que altera, de manera conjunta, la psicología del niño, la fonética, la masticación y la estética. Son considerados como una urgencia dentro de la asistencia odontológica y deben ser diagnosticados y tratados de forma certera e inmediata por el odontólogo.Introduction: Alveolodental traumatisms are injuries caused by forces acting on the dental organ and supporting tissues, being diagnosed with the naked eye or radiographically. These conditions occur mainly in children and adolescents, and influence the loss of temporary and permanent teeth. They also cause a dysfunction that alters, together, the child's psychology, phonetics, chewing and aesthetics. They are considered an emergency within dental care and must be diagnosed and treated accurately and immediately by the dentist.Facultad de Odontologí

An islet of social ability in Asperger Syndrome: Judging social attributes from faces

We asked adults with Asperger Syndrome to judge pictorial stimuli in terms of certain social stereotypes to evaluate to what extent they have access to this type of social knowledge. Sixteen adults with Asperger Syndrome and 24 controls, matched for age and intelligence, were presented with sets of faces, bodies and objects, which had to be rated on a 7-point scale in terms of trustworthiness, attractiveness, social status, and age, or, in the case of objects, price. Despite impaired performance on two important aspects of social cognition (second-order mentalizing and face recognition) the social judgements of the individuals with Asperger Syndrome were just as competent and consistent as those of their matched controls, with only one exception: there was a trend for them to be less able to judge the attractiveness of faces if they were the same sex. We explain this difference in terms of a weakness in mentalizing, specifically the ability to take a different point of view: While all other stereotypic attributions could be made from an egocentric point of view, judging the attractiveness of faces of one's own sex requires taking the perspective of someone of the opposite sex, a challenge for people with mentalizing problems. We conclude that individuals with Asperger Syndrome show preserved aspects of social knowledge, as revealed in the attribution of stereotypes to pictures of people. These findings suggest that there are dissociable subcomponents to social cognition and that not all of these are compromised in Asperger Syndrome

Autism Spectrum Traits in the Typical Population Predict Structure and Function in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are typically characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, narrow interests, and repetitive behaviors. The heterogeneity in the severity of these characteristics across individuals with ASD has led some researchers to suggest that these disorders form a continuum which extends into the general, or “typical,” population, and there is growing evidence that the extent to which typical adults display autistic traits, as measured using the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), predicts performance on behavioral tasks that are impaired in ASD. Here, we show that variation in autism spectrum traits is related to cortical structure and function within the typical population. Voxel-based morphometry showed that increased AQ scores were associated with decreased white matter volume in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a region important in processing socially relevant stimuli and associated with structural and functional impairments in ASD. In addition, AQ was correlated with the extent of cortical deactivation of an adjacent area of pSTS during a Stroop task relative to rest, reflecting variation in resting state function. The results provide evidence that autism spectrum characteristics are reflected in neural structure and function across the typical (non-ASD) population

Os mártires e a cristianização do território na América portuguesa, séculos XVI e XVII

O artigo investiga um grupo de atores sociais bastante relevante para viabilizar a cristianização na América portuguesa: os mártires cristãos, indivíduos muito especiais, dispostos a regar a terra com seu próprio sangue, de forma a tornar definitiva e irreversível a ocupação cristã do território. Os mártires - e principalmente a narrativa em torno deles - parecem ter sido bastante acionados para integrar a América portuguesa e seus habitantes nativos à temporalidade e territorialidade cristã. Os mártires dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente missionários, reeditavam os martírios do início da cristandade, que espalharam o cristianismo rumo a diversas partes do mundo na antiguidade. Dessa forma, viabilizaram a cristianização das novas fronteiras, consagrando o solo com seu sangue divino e viabilizando posteriores processos de urbanização. Além da função estratégica dos mártires para os cristãos, o texto mostra que eles também tiveram significado peculiar na interlocução com as culturas ameríndias, que tinha como um de seus principais personagens o grande guerreiro, disposto a perder seu sangue em prol de seu grupo.This paper looks into a group of social agents who played a significant role in the Christianization of Portuguese America, namely, the Christian martyrs - very special individuals who were ready to wet the land with their own blood in order to make possible a definitive and irreversible occupation of the territory by Christian settlers. The martyrs, and above all the stories told about them, seem to have been called upon to integrate Portuguese America and its native inhabitants into the temporalities and territory of Christendom. Mostly made up of missionaries, this group of 16th and 17th-century martyrs reedited the martyrdom of early Christians, who spread their creed across numerous parts of the Ancient World. They enabled the Christianization of new frontiers by consecrating the soil with their divine blood and paving the way for subsequent processes of urban development. In addition to their strategic significance for Christianity, the text also shows that their martyrdom played a specific role in the Christian settlers' interaction with Amerindian culture, whose main cults included the figure of the great warrior, ever ready to shed his own blood for his group

Aplicación de normas de bioseguridad mediante la utilización de pictogramas para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Introducción: La bioseguridad es la aplicación de conocimientos, técnicas y equipamientos para prevenir a personas, laboratorios, áreas hospitalarias y medio ambiente de la exposición a agentes potencialmente infecciosos o considerados de riesgo biológico El proyecto tiene como propósito disminuir el riesgo de contaminación cruzada tanto en los trabajadores de la salud de diferentes centros de Atención Primaria, como así también en los individuos de la comunidad, mediante la concientización permanente de aplicación de medidas preventivas y/o curativas. Mediante los pictogramas pretendemos aportar información, real y cercana, para el empleo a nivel individual, su entorno familiar y en la comunidad.Facultad de Odontologí

Abriendo la puerta a la salud bucal : Etapa VI

La finalidad del proyecto es educar a niños de 3 a 11 años en Salud bucodental, a través de talleres, reflexiones y maniobras preventivas a fin de disminuir la exposición a riesgos y enfermedades bucales prevalentes y enraizadas en nuestra sociedad, como caries y gingivitis, entre tantas, las cuales requieren posteriores tratamientos traumáticos. Nuestras acciones extensionistas se desarrollan en 8 escuelas de los niveles inicial y primario de la ciudad de La Plata. El ámbito escolar se presenta como un espacio privilegiado para la práctica preventiva. Allí, educadores, alumnos de la facultad y profesionales de la salud, la comunicación social y las ciencias de la educación trabajan conjuntamente con los niños y su entorno socio-familiar para lograr mayor impacto desde temprana edad.Facultad de Odontologí

Conductas preventivas frente a traumatismos bucodentales : 4ta parte

Introducción: Los traumatismos alveolodentales son lesiones causadas por fuerzas que actúan sobre el órgano dentario y tejidos de sostén siendo diagnosticados a simple vista o radiográficamente. Estas afecciones se dan fundamentalmente en los niños y adolescentes, e incluyen la pérdida de piezas dentarias temporales y permanentes. Provocan además una disfunción que altera, de manera conjunta, la psicología del niño, la fonética, la masticación y la estética. Es considerada la segunda causa de atención odontológica que afecta a nuestra población infantil y juvenil, motivo por el cual se debe intervenir con el fin de evitar o disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia de los traumatismos dentales. Objetivos: Fomentar la educación para la salud bucal y la prevención de los traumatismos orales frecuentes en niños y adolescentes en escuelas de La Plata.Facultad de Odontologí

Mutations in the Polycomb Group Gene polyhomeotic Lead to Epithelial Instability in both the Ovary and Wing Imaginal Disc in Drosophila

Most human cancers originate from epithelial tissues and cell polarity and adhesion defects can lead to metastasis. The Polycomb-Group of chromatin factors were first characterized in Drosophila as repressors of homeotic genes during development, while studies in mammals indicate a conserved role in body plan organization, as well as an implication in other processes such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. We have analyzed the function of the Drosophila Polycomb-Group gene polyhomeotic in epithelial cells of two different organs, the ovary and the wing imaginal disc.Clonal analysis of loss and gain of function of polyhomeotic resulted in segregation between mutant and wild-type cells in both the follicular and wing imaginal disc epithelia, without excessive cell proliferation. Both basal and apical expulsion of mutant cells was observed, the former characterized by specific reorganization of cell adhesion and polarity proteins, the latter by complete cytoplasmic diffusion of these proteins. Among several candidate target genes tested, only the homeotic gene Abdominal-B was a target of PH in both ovarian and wing disc cells. Although overexpression of Abdominal-B was sufficient to cause cell segregation in the wing disc, epistatic analysis indicated that the presence of Abdominal-B is not necessary for expulsion of polyhomeotic mutant epithelial cells suggesting that additional polyhomeotic targets are implicated in this phenomenon.Our results indicate that polyhomeotic mutations have a direct effect on epithelial integrity that can be uncoupled from overproliferation. We show that cells in an epithelium expressing different levels of polyhomeotic sort out indicating differential adhesive properties between the cell populations. Interestingly, we found distinct modalities between apical and basal expulsion of ph mutant cells and further studies of this phenomenon should allow parallels to be made with the modified adhesive and polarity properties of different types of epithelial tumors