Suplementación con Calliandra calothyrsus y su efecto en ganancia de peso y eficacia en el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en cabritos recién destetados.

Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is a shrub legume with high concentration of crude protein (CP), ±22%, and condensed tannin (CT), 19 to 30%. These characteristics make it an alternative for supplementing low-quality grass diets and for reducing levels of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infestation. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding Calliandra on live weight (LW) gain and its efficacy against GIN in weanling goats. Eight Boer goats (11.3 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatments: supplementation with guineagrass hay (GH), or with freshly cut Calliandra (FC) leaves and fine stems. Fortnightly the animals were weighed, feces samples were collected to determine fecal egg counts (FEC), and FAMACHA© index scores were assigned. Blood samples were taken every 21 days to determine packed cell volume (PCV). Data were analyzed by using repeated measure analysis. Supplementation with FC had no significant effect on total live weight gain during 105 days (2.16 vs. 1.59 kg), FAMACHA© index (3.4 common value), nor PCV (25.8% vs. 26.6%) for FC and GH, respectively. However, FEC was significantly lower (p = 0.0014) in the group supplemented with Calliandra than in the group given GH; the respective adjusted means were 638 and 982 eggs per gram.The decrease in fecal excretion of GIN eggs could have the beneficial effect of reducing pasture contamination.Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) es una leguminosa arbustiva con altos niveles de proteína bruta (PB), ±22%, y taninos condensados (TC), 19 a 30%. Estas características la convierten en una alternativa para la suplementación de dietas basadas en forrajes gramináceos de baja calidad y para contribuir a la reducción en la incidencia de nematodos gastrointestinales (NGI). El objetivo del experimento fue determinar el efecto de la suplementación con Calliandra sobre el desempeño productivo y la incidencia de NGI en cabros destetados. Ocho cabros de la raza Boer (11.3 kg) se asignaron aleatoriamente a uno de dos tratamientos: suplementación con heno de hierba guinea (HG) y suplementación con hojas y tallos finos de Calliandra fresca (CF). Cada dos semanas se pesaron los animales, se tomaron muestras de las heces fecales para el recuento de huevos de NGI y se registró el índice FAMACHA©. Se tomaron muestras de sangre cada 21 días para determinar el nivel de hematocrito. Los datos se analizaron usando un diseño de medidas repetidas. La suplementación con CF no tuvo efecto significativo sobre la ganancia total en peso vivo durante 105 días (2.16 vs. 1.59 kg), el índice FAMACHA© (3.4 en común), ni el hematocrito (25.8% vs. 26.6%) para CF y HG, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el recuento fecal de huevos de NGI fue significativamente menor (p = 0.0014) en el grupo suplementado con CF que en el que recibió HG, siendo las medias ajustadas 638 y 982 huevos por gramo. La reducción en la excreción fecal de nuevos de NGI puede tener un efecto benéfico en la disminución de la contaminación de las pasturas

Subgingival microbiota in health compared to periodon tis and the influence of smoking

PI11/01383 from Carlos III Institute of Health (General Division of Evaluation and Research Promotion, Madrid, Spain), which is integrated in National Plan of Research, Development and Innovation (PN I+D+I 2008–2011). This project was co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF 2007–2013)

Crescimento inicial de um eucalipto clonado sob diferentes adubações em Porto Velho, Rondônia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de um clone de eucalipto sob combinações de doses de P2O5 e K2O no plantio e adubação de cobertura em Porto Velho, RO

Ação concertada das renováveis participação portuguesa

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMO: A Ação Concertada das Renováveis (CA-RES) é uma iniciativa conjunta de 27 Estados-Membros da EU, da Noruega, da Islândia e da Comissão Europeia (DG ENER, EASME), coordenada pela Agência Austríaca de Energia com vista a apoiar a implementação da Diretiva Europeia de Energias Renováveis. O projeto foi cofinanciado pelo Programa Horizonte 2020 da União Europeia e corresponde ao item B.2.2. “Coordination of Renewable Energy policies development and implementation through concerted actions with Member States” of the HORIZON 2020 WORK PROGRAMME 2014–2015 10. Secure, clean and efficient energy. A terceira fase da Ação Concertada (CA-RES 3) apoia a transposição da Diretiva das Energias Renováveis 2009/28/CE e a sua reformulação na nova Diretiva 2018/2001/UE (RED II). Os objetivos da Concerted Action estando diretamente relacionados com a transposição e implementação da Diretiva RES permitem também fomentar sinergias e criar novas oportunidades para explorar abordagens comuns em áreas específicas das energias Renováveis.ABSTRACT: The Concerted Action for Renewables (CA-RES) is a joint initiative of 27 Member States from the EU, Norway, Iceland and the European Commission (DG ENER, EASME), coordinated by the Austrian Energy Agency to support implementation European Renewable Energy Directive. The project was co-financed by the Horizon 2020 Program of the European Union and corresponds to item B.2.2. “Coordination of Renewable Energy policies development and implementation through concerted actions with Member States” of the HORIZON 2020 WORK PROGRAMME 2014–2015 10. Secure, clean and efficient energy. The third phase of Concerted Action (CA-RES 3) supports the transposition of the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28 / EC and its reformulation in the new Directive 2018/2001 / EU (RED II). Concerted Action's objectives, being directly related to the transposition and implementation of the RES Directive, also allow to foster synergies and create new opportunities to explore common approaches in specific areas of Renewable Energies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Methodological Approaches to Evaluate Teratogenic Risk Using Birth Defect Registries: Advantages and Disadvantages

Background: Different approaches have been used in case-control studies to estimate maternal exposure to medications and the risk of birth defects. However, the performance of these approaches and how they affect the odds ratio (OR) estimates have not been evaluated using birth-defect surveillance programmes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scope and limitations of three case-control approaches to assess the teratogenic risk of birth defects in mothers exposed to antiepileptic medications, insulin, or acetaminophen. Methodology/Principal Findings: We studied 110,814 non-malformed newborns and 58,514 live newborns with birth defects registered by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Anomalies (ECLAMC) between 1967 and 2008. Four controls were randomly selected for each case in the same hospital and period, and three different control groups were used: non-malformed newborns (HEALTHY), malformed newborns (SICK), and a subgroup of SICK, only-exposed cases (OECA). Associations were evaluated using OR and Pearson's chi-square (P<0.01). There were no concordance correlations between the HEALTHY and OECA designs, and the average OR differences ranged from 3.0 to 11.5 for the three evaluated medicines. The overestimations observed for HEALTHY design were increased as higher OR values were given, with a high and statistically significant correlation between the difference and the mean. On the contrary, the concordance correlations obtained between the SICK and OECA designs were quite good, with no significant differences in the average risks. Conclusions: The HEALTHY design estimates the true population OR, but shows a high rate of false-positive results presumably caused by differential misclassification bias. This bias decreases with the increase of the proportion of exposed controls. SICK and OECA odds ratios cannot be considered a direct estimate of the true population OR except under certain conditions. However, the SICK and OECA designs could provide practical information to generate hypotheses about potential teratogens.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Effect of Treatment with DL-carnitine after Acute Alcoholization in Rats

Acute ethanol consumption leads to the formation of free radicals. Among other functions, carnitine has  an important antioxidant role and chronic ethanol use leads to carnitine deficiency. The objective of the  present study was to determine the variation in the carnitine pool (free cernitine plus its acylated derivates)  and the hepatic oxidative stress occurring in the presence of acute ethanol administration followed by  treatment with carnitine in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing approximately 60 g were divided at random  into four groups of 7 animals each, i.e., group receiving carnitine, group receiving carnitine plus ethanol,  group receiving ethanol alone, and untreated control. Acute administration of ethanol and/or carnitine did  not change the total amount of carnitine and its derivates in plasma but did alter their profile with the free  carnitine increasing to over 75%, while the mean percentage of free carnitine in the control group was 33.2%.  There was marked carnitine excretion in the groups treated with DL-carnitine. Higher lipid peroxidation  was detected in the groups receiving carnitine, with the maintenance of vitamin E. We conclude that the  administration of DL-carnitine after an episode of alcohol intoxication has no beneficial effect in terms of  hepatic oxidative stress.

Prenatal sonographic detection of birth defects in 18 hospitals from South America

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal sonographic diagnosis of birth defects and the gestational age at detection according to the health insurance schemes of mothers in 450 malformed neonates from 18 South American hospitals on the basis of prenatal sonographic records. Methods. Between July 2000 and December 2003, 18 hospitals included in the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (13 from Argentina [8 public and 5 nonpublic], 3 from Brazil [2 public and 1 nonpublic], 1 from Chile [nonpublic], and 1 from Venezuela [public]) voluntarily participated in this prospective observational study, recording fetuses with sonographically detected malformations. Prenatal sonographic descriptions of anomalies were compared with those recorded at birth. Results. Of 812 anomalies detected at birth, 457 had been prenatally detected (detection rate, 56.3%; 95% confidence interval, 52.8%-59.8%). Before 24 gestational weeks, anencephaly had the highest detection rate. Cleft lip and clubfoot were more easily detected when associated with other anomalies. The detection rates for central nervous system and renourinary malformations were greater than 80%. Detection rates between both health insurance schemes (public and nonpublic) did not show significant differences, but anencephaly, spina bifida, renourinary defects, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate were detected earlier in patients from nonpublic rather than in public hospitals. Conclusions. For specific anomalies, South America shows similar levels of prenatal sonographic detection as developed countries. Detection rates during pregnancy were similar for public and nonpublic hospitals, whereas cases were diagnosed earlier in patients from nonpublic hospitals.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celula

Efecto de la poda a dos y cuatro ramas sobre la producción de pimiento en invernáculo no calefaccionado

p.5-11El cultivo protegido de pimiento en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires se realiza bajo distintos sistemas de conducción, pero se carece de información sobre el efecto que ésta tiene en la producción. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la incidencia de dos tipos de poda de formación sobre el rendimiento, peso y número de frutos, la precocidad en la producción y la floración. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en un invernáculo no calefaccionado por un período de diez meses. Los tratamientos fueron poda a dos y cuatros ramas, con una densidad de 3,5 plantas-m2. Los resultados obtenidos señalaron que con la poda a cuatro ramas se obtuvo mayor rendimiento, número de frutos y número de flores caídas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos con respecto al peso de los frutos. La poda a cuatro ramas incrementó significativamente los rendimientos pero la mayor precocidad y estabilidad en la producción se obtuvo en la conducción a dos ramas

Enzymes and secondary metabolites profiles of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi are affected by chestnut medium

Chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill) is a crop with high economic and social importance in Trás-os-Montes Region. The pre and post-harvest quality of its nuts can be affected by many factors, being the lasses dueto fungi very large. During the last decade a new endophyte fungus, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, causing brown rot, has been isolated from both rotten and healthy fruits, and its growth seems to be related with the increase of air temperatura and rainfall during spring. The present study aims to understand the influence of chestnut substrate on G. smithogilvyi biochemistry, in arder to develop strategies to reduce its incidence in the fruit and improve the contrai of brown rot. lnitially, the presence of the enzymes involved in the decomposition of chestnuts, such as amylase, proteases, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), ~-glucosidase, xylanase, among others, was investigated. Further, some hydrolase activities were evaluated in two isolates of G. smithogilvyi incubated in potato (PDB) and chestnut media (CM) along an incubation period (3, 7 and 14 days), in arder to study the effects "isolate", "medium" and "incubation period" on enzymes production. Also, the synthesis of secondary metabolites in fungai dry biomass was assessed by Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ali isolates produced the enzymes screened and, in general, the enzyme production varied between the isolates (P< 0.0000), the media (P< 0.0000) and along the incubation period (P< 0.0000). Amylase activity was positively correlated with xylanase (P< 0.0001), CMCase (P< 0.0001), and Avicelase {P< 0.01), xylanase with CMCase (P< 0.01) and ~-glucosidase with Avicelase (P< 0.0001 ). By contrast, ~-glucosidase was negatively correlated with CMCase {P< 0.01 ). Twenty secondary metabolites were detected along the incubation: eight in both isolates and media, tive and three only in isolates grew in PD o r CM, respectively. Some of these metabolites had been associated with other fungi and have known biological activities.This work was suported by "ValorCast- Valorização da castanha e otimização da sua comercialização" (PDR2020-1.0.1- FEADER-032034}, funded by Fundo Europeu Agrfcola de Desenvolvimento Rural (FEADER} and the Portuguesa Government (Ação 1.1 Grupos Operacionais, Medida 1. Inovação, PDR 2020- Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural do Continente). AS, IF, JGL, AAD, are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CITAB (UIDB/04033/2020) and PR to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Is allergic rhinitis a trivial disease?

BACKGROUND: Asthma and rhinitis often coexist, which potentially increases the disease severity and can negatively impact a patients' quality of life. However, there are few reports based on data obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood examining asthma severity in combination with rhinitisrelated symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate whether current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis are associated with the development of asthma or its increasing severity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: The prevalence of current asthma was correlated with the prevalence of current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents (13 to 14 year olds) from 16 Brazilian centers (based on Spearman's rank correlation index). The influence of current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis on asthma presentation was also evaluated using the chi-squared test and was expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of current asthma and current rhinitis (rs = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.60-0.93, p< 0.0001) and between the prevalence of current asthma and current rhinoconjunctivitis (rs = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.47-0.89, p < 0.0001). Current rhinitis was associated with a significantly increased risk of current asthma and of more severe asthma. Similar results were observed for current rhinoconjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: In this epidemiologic study of Brazilian adolescents, the presence of current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis was associated with a high risk of developing asthma and increased asthma severity. The mutual evaluation of rhinitis and asthma is necessary to establish an adequate treatment plan