El discurso pedag?gico en el marco de la pedagog?a por proyectos y su incidencia en la producci?n de la escritura

142 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste informe muestra la investigaci?n que se desarroll? en la Instituci?n Educativa Colegio Militar Almirante Padilla, (Ubicado en San Mateo, Soacha - Cundinamarca). Parti? de la pregunta ?C?mo incide el discurso pedag?gico en la ense?anza de la escritura en los ni?os de grado tercero del Colegio Militar Almirante Padilla en el marco de la pedagog?a por proyectos? En un principio, se indagaron antecedentes respecto al problema. Despu?s se establecieron los fundamentos conceptuales para el desarrollo de la ense?anza de la producci?n escrita, luego se determin? el discurso del docente de Lengua Castellana y su incidencia en los procesos de los estudiantes durante la investigaci?n. Posteriormente se dise?? y aplic? la propuesta de un proyecto de aula enfocada en diez misiones. Esto permiti? favorecer en los estudiantes procesos de innovaci?n, investigaci?n, pensamiento cr?tico, trabajo colaborativo, interacci?n y creaciones a partir de la pr?ctica con base en sus intereses, estimulando el trabajo cooperativo, como tambi?n la formaci?n integral a partir de las fortalezas individuales de los estudiantes. Finalmente se evalu? el impacto que tuvo la intervenci?n de la propuesta metodol?gica a trav?s del an?lisis de rubricas con un doble prop?sito: Evidenciar los aciertos y dificultades de los estudiantes en la producci?n textual y analizar el discurso del profesor en relaci?n con los procesos de escritura que propone a los ni?os y ni?as. Como conclusi?n, se implement? el proyecto de aula con base en el discurso instruccional. Lo que permiti? observar el avance en los procesos de escritura de los estudiantes.This research Project shows the work developed in Instituci?n Educativa Colegio Militar Almirante Padilla. (The school is located in San Mateo, Soacha-Cundinamarca). It started with the question: How does the teacher ?talk influence the third grade students writing process at the Militar Almirante Padilla School, according to Pedagogy for Projects? framework? At the beginning, background about the research problem was inquired into. Afterwards, a conceptual framework about writing teaching was stablished. Then, the Spanish teacher-talk and its influence in the students? processes were determined. Later, a proposal about ten missions was designed and applied. This allowed students to promote processes of innovation, research, critical thinking, collaborative work, interaction and creation, based on their interests, stimulating cooperative work, as well as integral training, based on the individual strengths of the students. Finally, the impact of the intervention of the methodological proposal was evaluated through the analysis of rubrics with a double purpose: to evidence the successes and difficulties of the students in the textual production and to analyze the teacher-talk in relation to the writing processes that develops with children. As a conclusion, the classroom project was implemented based on instructional discourse. What allowed observing the advance in the writing processes of the students. Key words: teacher-talk, significant learning, knowledge, written production, pedagogy for projects

Polaritonic Tamm states induced by cavity photons

This is the final version. Available on open access from De Gruyter via the DOI in this record. We consider a periodic chain of oscillating dipoles, interacting via long-range dipole–dipole interactions, embedded inside a cuboid cavity waveguide. We show that the mixing between the dipolar excitations and cavity photons into polaritons can lead to the appearance of new states localized at the ends of the dipolar chain, which are reminiscent of Tamm surface states found in electronic systems. A crucial requirement for the formation of polaritonic Tamm states is that the cavity cross section is above a critical size. Above this threshold, the degree of localization of the Tamm states is highly dependent on the cavity size since their participation ratio scales linearly with the cavity cross-sectional area. Our findings may be important for quantum confinement effects in one-dimensional systems with strong light–matter coupling.Juan de la Cierva program (MINECO, Spain

Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area in Brazil

Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology are common but often neglected in older adults. / Objective: This study aimed to assess rates of depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology, and the characteristics associated, among older adults living in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil. / Methods: This study is part of the PROACTIVE cluster randomised controlled trial. 3356 adults aged 60+ years and registered in 20 primary health clinics were screened for depressive symptomatology with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depressive status was classified according to the total PHQ-9 score and the presence of core depressive symptoms (depressed mood and anhedonia) as follows: no depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9 score 0–4, or 5–9 but with no core depressive symptom); subthreshold depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9 score 5–9 and at least one core depressive symptom); and depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10). Sociodemographic information and self-reported chronic conditions were collected. Relative risk ratios and 95% CIs were obtained using a multinomial regression model. / Results: Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology were present in 30% and 14% of the screened sample. Depressive symptomatology was associated with female gender, low socioeconomic conditions and presence of chronic conditions, whereas subthreshold depressive symptomatology was only associated with female gender and having hypertension. / Conclusions: Depressive and subthreshold depressive symptomatology is highly prevalent in this population registered with primary care clinics. Strategies managed by primary care non-mental health specialists can be a first step for improving this alarming and neglected situation among older adults

Soft tissues, areal bone mineral density and hip geometry estimates in active young boys: The PRO-BONE study

This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record.Purpose: Soft tissues, such as fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM), play an important role in bone development but this is poorly understood in highly active youths. The objective of this study was to determine whether FM or LM is a stronger predictor of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and hip geometry estimates in a group of physically active boys after adjusting for height, chronological age, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), FM, and LM. Methods: Participants included 121 boys (13.1±1.0 years) from the PRO-BONE study. Bone mineral content (BMC) and aBMD measured at total body, femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and hip structural analysis was used to estimate bone geometry at the femoral neck. Body composition was assessed using DXA. The relationships of FM and LM with bone outcomes were analysed using simple and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients showed that total body (less head) aBMD was significantly correlated with LM but not FM. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that FM, after accounting for height, age, MVPA and LM had no significant relationship with aBMD or hip geometry estimates, except for arms aBMD. By contrast, there were positive associations between LM and most aBMD and hip geometry estimates, after accounting height, age, MVPA and FM. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that LM, and not FM, is the stronger predictor of aBMD and hip geometry estimates in physically active boys.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007–2013] under grant agreement no. PCIG13-GA-2013-618496

Pathogen burden, inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis in human in-stent restenosis - Tissue characteristics compared to primary atherosclerosis

Pathogenic events leading to in-stent restenosis (ISR) are still incompletely understood. Among others, inflammation, immune reactions, deregulated cell death and growth have been suggested. Therefore, atherectomy probes from 21 patients with symptomatic ISR were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for pathogen burden and compared to primary target lesions from 20 stable angina patients. While cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori were not found in ISR, acute and/or persistent chlamydial infection were present in 6/21 of these lesions (29%). Expression of human heat shock protein 60 was found in 8/21 of probes (38%). Indicated by distinct signals of CD68, CD40 and CRP, inflammation was present in 5/21 (24%), 3/21 (14%) and 2/21 (10%) of ISR cases. Cell density of ISR was significantly higher than that of primary lesions ( 977 +/- 315 vs. 431 +/- 148 cells/mm(2); p < 0.001). There was no replicating cell as shown by Ki67 or PCNA. TUNEL+ cells indicating apoptosis were seen in 6/21 of ISR specimens (29%). Quantitative analysis revealed lower expression levels for each intimal determinant in ISR compared to primary atheroma (all p < 0.05). In summary, human ISR at the time of clinical presentation is characterized by low frequency of pathogen burden and inflammation, but pronounced hypercellularity, low apoptosis and absence of proliferation. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Computational Biology in Costa Rica: The Role of a Small Country in the Global Context of Bioinformatics

Introduction: The successful development of high throughput methods for DNA sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and other –omics, has contributed to the emergence of novel possibilities for the examination of complex biological systems through computational analysis. These fields have witnessed unprecedented advances in high income countries. Nevertheless, the role of other nations needs to be examined in order to delineate their contribution within the global context of bioinformatics. Previous articles have focused on the expansion of Computational Biology in Brazil and Mexico [1],[2], two of the largest Latin American countries, and which have shown political commitment to foster their scientific development. Costa Rica is a small Central American country with a population of 4 million, with its territory 164 and 38 times smaller than Brazil and Mexico, respectively. Thus, it is interesting to visualize the possibilities and challenges of this low-income country in the context of the global bioinformatics endeavor.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

Determinants of bone outcomes in adolescent athletes at baseline: the PRO-BONE study

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) via the DOI in this record.Purpose: The determinants of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and hip geometry 26 estimates in adolescent athletes are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the 27 determinants of aBMD and hip geometry estimates in adolescent male athletes. Methods: 28 One hundred twenty one males (13.1±0.1 years) were measured: 41 swimmers, 37 29 footballers, 29 cyclists and 14 controls. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured 30 aBMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck (FN) and total body. Hip structural analysis evaluated 31 hip geometry estimates at the FN. Multiple linear regression examined the contribution of the 32 sports practised, stature, lean and fat mass, serum calcium and vitamin D, moderate to 33 vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vertical jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with 34 aBMD and hip geometry estimates. Results: Region specific lean mass was the strongest 35 positive predictor of aBMD (β = 0.614 - 0.931) and football participation was the next 36 strongest predictor (β = 0.304 - 0.579). Stature (β = 0.235 - 0.380), fat mass (β = 0.189), 37 serum calcium (β = 0.103), serum vitamin D (β = 0.104 - 0.139) and vertical jump (β = 0.146 38 - 0.203) were associated with aBMD across various specific sites. All hip geometry estimates 39 were associated with lean mass (β = 0.370 - 0.568) and stature (β = 0.338 - 0.430). Football 40 participation was associated with hip cross-sectional area (β = 0.322) and MVPA (β = 0.140 - 41 0.142). CRF (β = 0.183 - 0.207) was associated with section modulus and cross-sectional 42 moment of inertia. Conclusions: Region specific lean mass is the strongest determinant of 43 aBMD and hip geometry estimates in adolescent male athletes. Football participation and 44 stature were important determinants for aBMD and hip geometry estimates while the 45 contribution of the other predictors was site specific.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement n°. PCIG13-GA-2013-61849

Psychometric properties of 4-item questionnaire for sleep habits and time in a South American paediatric population

Objectives: To assess the psychometric properties of 4-item questionnaire about sleep habits and time in South American children (3-10 years) and adolescents (11-18 years). Material and Methods: We evaluated 459 participants from seven South American cities. Two items from week and weekend days wake up time and bedtime were asked twice, with a 2-week interval. We calculated time spent in bed (subtracting wake up time from bedtime). Participants also answered the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) sleep time questionnaire. Results: The questionnaire showed acceptable temporal stability in children and adolescents on total days (rho >= 0.30; p<0.05). For total days, the questionnaire presented acceptable convergent validity only in children (rho from 0.48 to 0.62; p <= 0.01) compared with the HELENA questionnaire. Conclusion: The 4-item questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for children; however, its validity is not consistent in adolescents for sleep habits and time

Urban road surface discrimination by tire-road noise analysis and data clustering

The surface condition of roadways has direct consequences on a wide range of processes related to the transportation technology, quality of road facilities, road safety, and traffic noise emissions. Methods developed for detection of road surface condition are crucial for maintenance and rehabilitation plans, also relevant for driving environment detection for autonomous transportation systems and e-mobility solutions. In this paper, the clustering of the tire-road noise emission features is proposed to detect the condition of the wheel tracks regions during naturalistic driving events. This acoustic-based methodology was applied in urban areas under nonstop real-life traffic conditions. Using the proposed method, it was possible to identify at least two groups of surface status on the inspected routes over the wheel-path interaction zone. The detection rate on urban zone reaches 75% for renewed lanes and 72% for distressed lanes

Understanding disease control: influence of epidemiological and economic factors

We present a local spread model of disease transmission on a regular network and compare different control options ranging from treating the whole population to local control in a well-defined neighborhood of an infectious individual. Comparison is based on a total cost of epidemic, including cost of palliative treatment of ill individuals and preventive cost aimed at vaccination or culling of susceptible individuals. Disease is characterized by pre- symptomatic phase which makes detection and control difficult. Three general strategies emerge, global preventive treatment, local treatment within a neighborhood of certain size and only palliative treatment with no prevention. The choice between the strategies depends on relative costs of palliative and preventive treatment. The details of the local strategy and in particular the size of the optimal treatment neighborhood weakly depends on disease infectivity but strongly depends on other epidemiological factors. The required extend of prevention is proportional to the size of the infection neighborhood, but this relationship depends on time till detection and time till treatment in a non-nonlinear (power) law. In addition, we show that the optimal size of control neighborhood is highly sensitive to the relative cost, particularly for inefficient detection and control application. These results have important consequences for design of prevention strategies aiming at emerging diseases for which parameters are not known in advance