Universality class of S=1/2 quantum spin ladder system with the four spin exchange

We study s=1/2 Heisenberg spin ladder with the four spin exchange. Combining numerical results with the conformal field theory(CFT), we find a phase transition with central charge c=3/2. Since this system has an SU(2) symmetry, we can conclude that this critical theory is described by k=2 SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model with Z$_2$ symmetry breaking

Dimerization and Incommensurate Spiral Spin Correlations in the Zigzag Spin Chain: Analogies to the Kondo Lattice

Using the density matrix renormalization group and a bosonization approach, we study a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with near-neighbor coupling $J_1$ and frustrating second-neighbor coupling $J_2$, particularly in the limit $J_2 >> J_1$. This system exhibits both dimerization and incommensurate spiral spin correlations. We argue that this system is closely related to a doped, spin-gapped phase of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice.Comment: 18 pages, with 13 embedded encapsulated Postscript figures, uses epsf.sty. Corrects a misstatement about the pitch angle, and contains additional reference

Fractional S^z excitation and its bound state around the 1/3 plateau of the S=1/2 Ising-like zigzag XXZ chain

We present the microscopic view for the excitations around the 1/3 plateau state of the Ising-like zigzag XXZ chain. We analyze the low-energy excitations around the plateau with the degenerating perturbation theory from the Ising limit, combined with the Bethe-form wave function. We then find that the domain-wall particles carrying $S^z=\pm 1/3$ and its bound state of $S^z=\pm 2/3$ describe well the low-energy excitations around the 1/3 plateau state. The formation of the bound state of the domain-walls clearly provides the microscopic mechanism of the cusp singularities and the even-odd behavior in the magnetization curve.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figure

Polymorphism: an evaluation of the potential risk to the quality of drug products from the Farmácia Popular Rede Própria

Polymorphism in solids is a common phenomenon in drugs, which can lead to compromised quality due to changes in their physicochemical properties, particularly solubility, and, therefore, reduce bioavailability. Herein, a bibliographic survey was performed based on key issues and studies related to polymorphism in active pharmaceutical ingredient (APIs) present in medications from the Farmácia Popular Rede Própria. Polymorphism must be controlled to prevent possible ineffective therapy and/or improper dosage. Few mandatory tests for the identification and control of polymorphism in medications are currently available, which can result in serious public health concerns

The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 x 10(-8)), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap