592 research outputs found
Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for the âgreenâextraction of vanillin from vanilla pods
Plant science
Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for the "green" extraction of vanillin from vanilla pods
Plant science
Collider and Dark Matter Phenomenology of Models with Mirage Unification
We examine supersymmetric models with mixed modulus-anomaly mediated SUSY
breaking (MM-AMSB) soft terms which get comparable contributions to SUSY
breaking from moduli-mediation and anomaly-mediation. The apparent (mirage)
unification of soft SUSY breaking terms at Q=mu_mir not associated with any
physical threshold is the hallmark of this scenario. The MM-AMSB structure of
soft terms arises in models of string compactification with fluxes, where the
addition of an anti-brane leads to an uplifting potential and a de Sitter
universe, as first constructed by Kachru {\it et al.}. The phenomenology mainly
depends on the relative strength of moduli- and anomaly-mediated SUSY breaking
contributions, and on the Higgs and matter field modular weights, which are
determined by the location of these fields in the extra dimensions. We
delineate the allowed parameter space for a low and high value of tan(beta),
for a wide range of modular weight choices. We calculate the neutralino relic
density and display the WMAP-allowed regions. We show the reach of the CERN LHC
and of the International Linear Collider. We discuss aspects of MM-AMSB models
for Tevatron, LHC and ILC searches, muon g-2 and b->s \gamma branching
fraction. We also calculate direct and indirect dark matter detection rates,
and show that almost all WMAP-allowed models should be accessible to a
ton-scale noble gas detector. Finally, we comment on the potential of colliders
to measure the mirage unification scale and modular weights in the difficult
case where mu_mir>>M_GUT.Comment: 34 pages plus 42 EPS figures; version with high resolution figures is
at http://www.hep.fsu.edu/~bae
Wedgebox analysis of four-lepton events from neutralino pair production at the LHC
`Wedgebox' plots constructed by plotting the di-electron invariant mass
versus the di-muon invariant mass from pp -> e^+e^- mu^+ mu^- + missing energy
signature LHC events. Data sets of such events are obtained across the MSSM
input parameter space in event-generator simulations, including cuts designed
to remove SM backgrounds. Their study reveals several general features:
(1)Regions in the MSSM input parameter space where a sufficient number of
events are expected so as to be able to construct a clear wedgebox plot are
delineated. (2)The presence of box shapes on a wedgebox plot either indicates
the presence of heavy Higgs bosons decays or restricts the location to a quite
small region of low \mu and M_2 values \lsim 200 GeV, a region denoted as the
`lower island'. In this region, wedgebox plots can be quite complicated and
change in pattern rather quickly as one moves around in the (\mu, M_2) plane.
(3)Direct neutralino pair production from an intermediate Z^{0*} may only
produce a wedge-shape since only \widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_3^0
decays can contribute significantly. (4)A double-wedge or
wedge-protruding-from-a-box pattern on a wedgebox plot, which results from
combining a variety of MSSM production processes, yields three distinct
observed endpoints, almost always attributable to \widetilde{\chi}_{2,3,4}^0
\to \widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \ell^+\ell^- decays, which can be utilized to
determine a great deal of information about the neutralino and slepton mass
spectra and related MSSM input parameters. Wedge and double-wedge patterns are
seen in wedgebox plots in another region of higher \mu and M_2 values, denoted
as the`upper island.' Here the pattern is simpler and more stable as one moves
across the (\mu, M_2) input parameter space.Comment: 28 pages (LaTeX), 8 figures (encapsulated postscript
Sparticle Spectra and LHC Signatures for Large Volume String Compactifications
We study the supersymmetric particle spectra and LHC collider observables for
the large-volume string models with a fundamental scale of 10^{11} GeV that
arise in moduli-fixed string compactifications with branes and fluxes. The
presence of magnetic fluxes on the brane world volume, required for chirality,
perturb the soft terms away from those previously computed in the dilute-flux
limit. We use the difference in high-scale gauge couplings to estimate the
magnitude of this perturbation and study the potential effects of the magnetic
fluxes by generating many random spectra with the soft terms perturbed around
the dilute flux limit. Even with a 40% variation in the high-scale soft terms
the low-energy spectra take a clear and predictive form. The resulting spectra
are broadly similar to those arising on the SPS1a slope, but more degenerate.
In their minimal version the models predict the ratios of gaugino masses to be
M_1 : M_2 : M_3=(1.5 - 2) : 2 : 6, different to both mSUGRA and mirage
mediation. Among the scalars, the squarks tend to be lighter and the sleptons
heavier than for comparable mSUGRA models. We generate 10 fb^{-1} of sample LHC
data for the random spectra in order to study the range of collider
phenomenology that can occur. We perform a detailed mass reconstruction on one
example large-volume string model spectrum. 100 fb^{-1} of integrated
luminosity is sufficient to discriminate the model from mSUGRA and aspects of
the sparticle spectrum can be accurately reconstructed.Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures. Added references and discussion for section 3.
Slight changes in the tex
Mixed Higgsino Dark Matter from a Large SU(2) Gaugino Mass
We observe that in SUSY models with non-universal GUT scale gaugino mass
parameters, raising the GUT scale SU(2) gaugino mass |M_2| from its unified
value results in a smaller value of -m_{H_u}^2 at the weak scale. By the
electroweak symmetry breaking conditions, this implies a reduced value of \mu^2
{\it vis \`a vis} models with gaugino mass unification. The lightest neutralino
can then be mixed Higgsino dark matter with a relic density in agreement with
the measured abundance of cold dark matter (DM). We explore the phenomenology
of this high |M_2| DM model. The spectrum is characterized by a very large wino
mass and a concomitantly large splitting between left- and right- sfermion
masses. In addition, the lighter chargino and three light neutralinos are
relatively light with substantial higgsino components. The higgsino content of
the LSP implies large rates for direct detection of neutralino dark matter, and
enhanced rates for its indirect detection relative to mSUGRA. We find that
experiments at the LHC should be able to discover SUSY over the portion of
parameter space where m_{\tg} \alt 2350-2750 ~GeV, depending on the squark
mass, while a 1 TeV electron-positron collider has a reach comparable to that
of the LHC. The dilepton mass spectrum in multi-jet + \ell^+\ell^- + \eslt
events at the LHC will likely show more than one mass edge, while its shape
should provide indirect evidence for the large higgsino content of the decaying
neutralinos.Comment: 36 pages with 26 eps figure
Exploring skewed parton distributions with two body models on the light front II: covariant Bethe-Salpeter approach
We explore skewed parton distributions for two-body, light-front wave
functions. In order to access all kinematical regimes, we adopt a covariant
Bethe-Salpeter approach, which makes use of the underlying equation of motion
(here the Weinberg equation) and its Green's function. Such an approach allows
for the consistent treatment of the non-wave function vertex (but rules out the
case of phenomenological wave functions derived from ad hoc potentials). Our
investigation centers around checking internal consistency by demonstrating
time-reversal invariance and continuity between valence and non-valence
regimes. We derive our expressions by assuming the effective qq potential is
independent of the mass squared, and verify the sum rule in a non-relativistic
approximation in which the potential is energy independent. We consider
bare-coupling as well as interacting skewed parton distributions and develop
approximations for the Green's function which preserve the general properties
of these distributions. Lastly we apply our approach to time-like form factors
and find similar expressions for the related generalized distribution
amplitudes.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, revised (minor changes but essential to
consistency
EML4-ALK V3 oncogenic fusion proteins promote microtubule stabilization and accelerated migration through NEK9 and NEK7
EML4-ALK is an oncogenic fusion present in âŒ5% non-small cell lung cancers. However, alternative breakpoints in the EML4 gene lead to distinct variants with different patient outcomes. Here, we show in cell models that EML4-ALK variant 3 (V3), which is linked to accelerated metastatic spread, causes microtubule stabilization, formation of extended cytoplasmic protrusions and increased cell migration. It also recruits the NEK9 and NEK7 kinase to microtubules via the N-terminal EML4 microtubule-binding region. Overexpression of wild-type EML4 as well as constitutive activation of NEK9 also perturb cell morphology and accelerate migration in a microtubule-dependent manner that requires the downstream kinase NEK7 but not ALK activity. Strikingly, elevated NEK9 expression is associated with reduced progression-free survival in EML4-ALK patients. Hence, we propose that EML4-ALK V3 promotes microtubule stabilization through NEK9 and NEK7 leading to increased cell migration. This represents a novel actionable pathway that could drive metastatic disease progression in EML4-ALK lung cancer
A Study of Cosmic Ray Secondaries Induced by the Mir Space Station Using AMS-01
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics
experiment that will study cosmic rays in the to range and will be installed on the International Space Station
(ISS) for at least 3 years. A first version of AMS-02, AMS-01, flew aboard the
space shuttle \emph{Discovery} from June 2 to June 12, 1998, and collected
cosmic ray triggers. Part of the \emph{Mir} space station was within the
AMS-01 field of view during the four day \emph{Mir} docking phase of this
flight. We have reconstructed an image of this part of the \emph{Mir} space
station using secondary and emissions from primary cosmic rays
interacting with \emph{Mir}. This is the first time this reconstruction was
performed in AMS-01, and it is important for understanding potential
backgrounds during the 3 year AMS-02 mission.Comment: To be submitted to NIM B Added material requested by referee. Minor
stylistic and grammer change
Young and Intermediate-age Distance Indicators
Distance measurements beyond geometrical and semi-geometrical methods, rely
mainly on standard candles. As the name suggests, these objects have known
luminosities by virtue of their intrinsic proprieties and play a major role in
our understanding of modern cosmology. The main caveats associated with
standard candles are their absolute calibration, contamination of the sample
from other sources and systematic uncertainties. The absolute calibration
mainly depends on their chemical composition and age. To understand the impact
of these effects on the distance scale, it is essential to develop methods
based on different sample of standard candles. Here we review the fundamental
properties of young and intermediate-age distance indicators such as Cepheids,
Mira variables and Red Clump stars and the recent developments in their
application as distance indicators.Comment: Review article, 63 pages (28 figures), Accepted for publication in
Space Science Reviews (Chapter 3 of a special collection resulting from the
May 2016 ISSI-BJ workshop on Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space
Age
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