A radical addition/cyclization of diverse ethers to 2-isocyanobiaryls under mildly basic aqueous conditions

Mildly basic aqueous conditions facilitated the tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) mediated dehydrogenative addition of a range of ethers, including acetals, to diverse substituted 2-isocyanobiaryls. Mechanistic studies suggest that this radical cascade is an example of base promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS).We thank the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2015-66624-P) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173) for financial support. C. A.-T. thanks the ISO for a grant

MOPREDAS_century database and precipitation trends in mainland Spain, 1916–2020

Due to its geographical location in the western Mediterranean region, the Iberian Peninsula involves a challenge for current climatic conditions and future projections. In this study we analysed monthly precipitation trends over mainland Spain from 1916 to 2020 by using the new MOPREDAS_century database. This database combines information from the Spanish Meteorological Agency's archives, as well as data retrieved from Annual Summaries between 1916 and 1950. A combination of both sources produced the largest amount of original information ever collected and researched in mainland Spain between 1916 and 2020

Releases of Asian houbara must respect genetic and geographic origin to preserve inherited migration behaviour:evidence from a translocation experiment

Maintaining appropriate migratory strategies is important in conservation; however, translocations of migratory animals may alter locally-evolved migration behaviours of recipient populations if these are different and heritable. We used satellite telemetry and experimental translocation to quantify differences and assess heritability in migration behaviours between three migratory Asian houbara (Chlamydotis macqueenii) breeding populations (640 km range across eastern, central and western Uzbekistan). Adults from the eastern population migrated twice as far (mean = 1,184 km ± 44 s.e.) as the western population (656 km ± 183 s.e.) and showed significantly less variation in migration distance than the central population (1,030 km ± 127 s.e.). The western and central populations wintered significantly further north (mean: +8.32°N ± 1.70 s.e. and +4.19°N ± 1.16 s.e., respectively) and the central population further west (-3.47°E ± 1.46 s.e.) than individuals from the eastern population.These differences could arise from differing innate drive, or through learnt facultative responses to topography, filtered by survival. Translocated birds from the eastern population (wild laid and captive-reared, n= 5) migrated further than adults from either western or central recipient populations, particularly in their second migration year. Translocated birds continued migrating south past suitable wintering grounds used by the recipient populations despite having to negotiate mountain obstacles. Together, this suggests a considerable conserved heritable migratory component with local adaptation at a fine geographic scale. Surviving translocated individuals returned to their release site, suggesting continued translocations would lead to introgression of the heritable component and risk altering recipient migration patterns. Conservation biologists considering translocation interventions for migratory populations should evaluate potential genetic components of migratory behaviour

Salicylic Acid‐Catalyzed Arylation of Enol Acetates with Anilines

α‐Aryl ketones are both structure moieties commonly found in bioactive compounds and versatile synthetic intermediates for the preparation of drug‐like molecules. An operationally simple and scalable protocol has been developed to prepare α‐aryl ketones from readily available aromatic amines and enol acetates (or silyl enol ethers). This metal‐free methodology features the use of salicylic acid as a convenient catalyst to promote the formation of aryl radicals from in‐situ generated aryl diazonium salts, without demanding thermal or photochemical activation. The mild reaction conditions used are compatible with anilines substituted with diverse functionalities. Structural elaboration of some prepared α‐aryl ketones was accomplished to illustrate their usefulness as building blocks.This work was generously supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO; grant no. CTQ2017-88171-P), the Generalitat Valenciana (GV; grant no. AICO/2017/007), and the Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO)

Molecular Characteristics of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and Multidrug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Healthy Dogs in Spain. Whole Genome Sequencing of Canine ST372 Isolates and Comparison with Human Isolates Causing Extraintestinal Infections

Under a one health perspective and the worldwide antimicrobial resistance concern, we investigated extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli from 197 isolates recovered from healthy dogs in Spain between 2013 and 2017. A total of 91 (46.2%) isolates were molecularly classified as ExPEC and/or UPEC, including 50 clones, among which (i) four clones were dominant (B2-CH14-180-ST127, B2-CH52-14-ST141, B2-CH103-9-ST372 and F-CH4-58-ST648) and (ii) 15 had been identified among isolates causing extraintestinal infections in Spanish and French humans in 2015 and 2016. A total of 28 (14.2%) isolates were classified as MDR, associated with B1, D, and E phylogroups, and included 24 clones, of which eight had also been identified among the human clinical isolates. We selected 23 ST372 strains, 21 from healthy dogs, and two from human clinical isolates for whole genome sequencing and built an SNP-tree with these 23 genomes and 174 genomes (128 from canine strains and 46 from human strains) obtained from public databases. These 197 genomes were segregated into six clusters. Cluster 1 comprised 74.6% of the strain genomes, mostly composed of canine strain genomes (p < 0.00001). Clusters 4 and 6 also included canine strain genomes, while clusters 2, 3, and 5 were significantly associated with human strain genomes. Finding several common clones and clone-related serotypes in dogs and humans suggests a potentially bidirectional clone transfer that argues for the one health perspective

Glucocorticoids improve acute dizziness symptoms following acute unilateral vestibulopathy.

Acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUV) is characterized by acute vertigo, nausea, and imbalance without neurological deficits or auditory symptomatology. Here, we explore the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on the degree of canal paresis in patients with AUV, and critically, establish its relationship with dizziness symptom recovery. We recruited consecutive patients who were retrospectively assigned to one of the two groups according to whether they received glucocorticoid treatment (n = 32) or not (n = 44). All patients underwent pure-tone audiometry, bithermal caloric testing, MRI brain imaging, and were asked to complete a dizziness handicap inventory on admission to hospital and just prior to hospital discharge. In the treatment group, the canal paresis at discharge was significantly lower than in the control group (mean ± SD % 38.04 ± 21.57 versus 82.79 ± 21.51, p < 0.001). We also observed a significant reduction in the intensity of nystagmus in patients receiving glucocorticoid treatment compared to the non-treatment group (p = 0.03). DHI test score was significantly lower at discharge in the treatment group (mean ± SD % 23.15 ± 12.40 versus 64.07 ± 12.87, p < 0.001), as was the length of hospital stay (2.18 ± 1.5 days versus 3.6 ± 1.7 days, p = 0.002). Glucocorticoid treatment leads to acute symptomatic improvement, with a reduced hospital stay and reduction in the intensity of acute nystagmus. Our findings suggest that glucocorticoids may accelerate vestibular compensation via a restoration of peripheral vestibular function, and therefore has important clinical implications for the treatment of AUV

Previsão de reações adversas dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides por meio de modelação molecular

Introdução: Os anti-inflamatórios não esteróides (AINEs) são amplamente utilizados pelos seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios, analgésicos e antipiréticos no tratamento de diversas patologias, muitas vezes sem receita médica (Aleksic et al., 2022). AINEs é muito comum na população. Por esta razão, os métodos de previsão utilizando técnicas de inteligência artificial impõem-se como uma nova alternativa (Cox et al., 2013). Objetivos: Modelar as reações adversas mais prováveis de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais usando a abordagem MODESLAB. Material e Métodos: Para isso, os momentos espectrais da matriz de adjacência entre arestas do gráfico molecular foram calculados com diferentes parâmetros que caracterizam tanto as ligações quanto os átomos nas moléculas de 62 compostos com ação anti-inflamatória. Sobre técnicas estatísticas é usada uma técnica de análise discriminante linear, que está incluída na análise multivariada. Resultados: Um total de 91 descritores foram calculados e utilizados em uma série de treinamento dividida em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tipo de reação adversa mais frequente. Para identificar os descritores que melhor discriminam e definem o conjunto de funções, foi desenvolvida uma análise discriminante linear utilizando o método de inclusão stepwise assim como o software estatístico IBM SPSS versão 22. Foram geradas três funções que constituem combinações lineares de seis descritores moleculares que codificam informações estéricas e eletrônicas das moléculas de cada grupo. Conclusões: As funções obtidas apresentam um Wilks Lambda muito baixo (0,0146) e uma correlação canônica alta (0,9784), o que demonstra seu poder discriminante, e permite que os descritores nelas incluídas sejam utilizados em futuros estudos

A brainstem to hypothalamic arcuate nucleus GABAergic circuit drives feeding

Open Access via the Elsevier Open Access Agreement. We gratefully acknowledge Dr F. Naneix for advice on optogenetics and editorial advice, and staff within the University of Aberdeen Medical Research Facility and the Microscopy Facility for their technical assistance. This work was supported by the ERC (MSCA-IF-NeuroEE-660219) to PBM, Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (204815/Z/16/Z) to PBM and LKH, and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/V010557/1) to JAG and (BB/V016849/1) to LKH and SS. GKCD is funded by a BBSRC CASE 4-year PhD studentship, co-funded by Novo Nordisk. GSHY is funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00014/1).Peer reviewe

The AMBRE project: A new synthetic grid of high-resolution FGKM stellar spectra

Large grids of synthetic spectra covering a widespread range of stellar parameters are mandatory for different stellar and (extra-)Galactic physics applications. Such large grids can be used for the automatic parametrisation of stellar spectra such as that performed within the AMBRE project for which the main goal is the stellar atmospheric parameters determination for the few hundreds of thousands of archived spectra of four ESO spectrographs. To fulfil the needs of AMBRE and future similar projects, we have computed a grid of synthetic spectra over the whole optical domain for cool to very cool stars of any luminosity with metallicities varying from 10-5 to 10 times the solar metallicity, and considering large variations in the chemical content of the {\alpha}-elements. New generation MARCS model atmospheres and the Turbospectrum code for radiative transfer have been used. We have also taken into account as complete as possible atomic and molecular linelists. A new grid of 16783 high resolution spectra over the wavelength range 3000 to 12000 {\AA} has been computed with a spectral resolution always larger than 150000. Normalised and absolute flux versions are available over a wide range of stellar atmospheric parameters for stars of FGKM spectral types. The covered parameters are 2500K\leqTeff\leq8000K, -0.5\leqlog(g)\leq5.5dex, -5.0\leq[M/H]\leq+1.0 dex and five different values of the enrichment in {\alpha}-elements have been considered (0.0, \pm0.2 dex and \pm0.4 dex around the standard values). This grid is made publicly available through the POLLUX database (about 50% of the spectra are already included in this database) and in FITS format upon request to the authors.Comment: Accepted by A&