Movimiento feminista y economía social en Quebec: paradigmas y prácticas

Las mujeres son muy activas en la economía social y solidaria en Quebec tanto en la base de las cooperativas y ONG como en su liderazgo. Sin embargo, las consideraciones relativas a la igualdad de género en estas organizaciones son objeto de un nutrido debate. El artículo presentará un análisis de esta problemática a partir de datos de 2000 y 2008 en siete regiones de Quebec. Se plantean tensiones relativas al financiamiento, a las prácticas, y también a la ideología y al discurso -miedo al feminismo, auge de una cultura empresarial en las ONG, cooperativas e instituciones-. De este modo se pueden identificar empíricamente los límites al modelo teórico contemporáneo de la economía social y solidaria. Dichos límites serán analizados para permitir la concepción de nuevas políticas de inserción que incorporen las preocupaciones relativas a la igualdad de género en el ámbito de las organizaciones y de los proyectos de economía solidaria.AbstractWomen are very active in Social and Solidary Economy in Québec, both at the lower levels of cooperatives and NGO’s and among the leading positions. However, the topic about equality of gender in these organizations is at the moment being debated. The article presents a discussion of the problem based on data from 2000 and 2008 in seven regions in Québec. Tensions related to funding, practices and also to ideology and discourse-fear towards feminism, the rise of an entrepreneurial culture in NGO, co-operatives and institutions are stated

On-orbit servicing commercial opportunities with security implications

The On-Orbit Servicing (OOS) working group discussed legal and political implications of developing a commercial OOS industry. The group considered the benefits that OOS and Active Debris Removal (ADR) can offer the satellite industry, as well as potential disadvantages for international relations between space faring nations. To gain an accurate perspective of stakeholders involved in such a process, the OOS working group held a mock hearing for OOS licensing, with members of the working group assigned to represent stakeholders. Working group members presented their cases at a simulated domestic regulatory panel, constructed of members representing various government ministers, to fully explore stakeholder views. The mock hearings explored the challenges faced by OOS and ADR entrepreneurs as well as the benefit of regulation. The groups highlighted recommendations to ensure the practicality of OOS and determine how best to encourage licensing and regulation of such activities, as summarised below. 1. The United Nations (UN) should provide regulatory guidelines for OOS and ADR. 2. Government agencies should license OOS. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has taken responsibility for licensing commercial space transportation in the United States and this should be extended to OOS/ADR missions to enable short-term advancement prior to further UN regulation. 3. Government should support OOS and ADR development to ensure continued demand. This includes leading by example on government satellites and potential launch levies to enable on-going ADR funding. 4. All stakeholders should prevent weaponisation of space through transparency of operations. 5. Nations should initiate international cooperation on ADR. OOS and ADR will ensure sustainable use of satellites, particularly in LEO and GEO, for the coming decades. It is through transparency, economic stimulation and close monitoring that such endeavours will be successful

Collective modes in the electronic polarization of double-layer systems in the superconducting state

Standard weak coupling methods are used to study collective modes in the superconducting state of a double-layer system with intralayer and interlayer interaction, as well as a Josephson-type coupling and single particle hopping between the layers by calculating the electronic polarization function perpendicular to the layers. New analytical results are derived for the mode frequencies corresponding to fluctuations of the relative phase and amplitude of the layer order parameters in the case of interlayer pairing and finite hopping $t$. A new effect is found for finite $k$-dependent hopping: then the amplitude and phase fluctuations are coupled. Therefore two collective modes may appear in the dynamical c-axis conductivity below the threshold energy for breaking Cooper pairs. With help of numerical calculations we investigate the temperature dependence of the collective modes and show how a plasmon corresponding to charge fluctuations between the layers evolves in the normal state.Comment: 17 pages, latex, 8 ps figure

The Role of Pre- and Postnatal Timing of Family Risk Factors on Child Behavior at 36 months

Children growing up in disharmonious families with anxious/depressed mothers are at risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties, however whether these associations reflect postnatal environment, prenatal exposure, or an overall liability is still unclear. This study used prospectively collected data from 24,259 participants of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers reported on anxiety/depression and family disharmony twice in pregnancy and twice post pregnancy, as well as on their child’s physical aggression and crying behavior at age 36 months. First, results from an autoregressive cross-lagged model showed a substantial stability in both maternal anxiety/depression and family disharmony from pregnancy to 18 months postnatal, but there was no indication that family disharmony led to maternal anxiety/depression, or the other way around. Second, structural equation models further suggests that the main risk derived from an overall liability, that is, a lasting effect of family risks that spanned the two time periods