2,070 research outputs found
Statistical Analysis of Genealogical Trees for Polygamic Species
Repetitions within a given genealogical tree provides some information about
the degree of consanguineity of a population. They can be analyzed with
techniques usually employed in statistical physics when dealing with fixed
point transformations. In particular we show that the tree features strongly
depend on the fractions of males and females in the population, and also on the
offspring probability distribution. We check different possibilities, some of
them relevant to human groups, and compare them with simulations.Comment: 2 eps figs, Fig.2 changed to meet cond-mat size criteri
Self-organization of hierarchical structures in nonlocally coupled replicator models
We study a simple replicator model with non-symmetric and nonlocal
interactions. Hierarchical structures with prey-predator relations are
self-organized from a homogeneous state, induced by the dynamical instability
of nonlinear interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Author-Based Analysis of Conference versus Journal Publication in Computer Science
Conference publications in computer science (CS) have attracted scholarly
attention due to their unique status as a main research outlet unlike other
science fields where journals are dominantly used for communicating research
findings. One frequent research question has been how different conference and
journal publications are, considering a paper as a unit of analysis. This study
takes an author-based approach to analyze publishing patterns of 517,763
scholars who have ever published both in CS conferences and journals for the
last 57 years, as recorded in DBLP. The analysis shows that the majority of CS
scholars tend to make their scholarly debut, publish more papers, and
collaborate with more coauthors in conferences than in journals. Importantly,
conference papers seem to serve as a distinct channel of scholarly
communication, not a mere preceding step to journal publications: coauthors and
title words of authors across conferences and journals tend not to overlap
much. This study corroborates findings of previous studies on this topic from a
distinctive perspective and suggests that conference authorship in CS calls for
more special attention from scholars and administrators outside CS who have
focused on journal publications to mine authorship data and evaluate scholarly
performance
Comprehending environmental and economic sustainability: Comparative analysis of stability principles in the biosphere and free market economy
Using the formalism of Lyapunov potential function it is shown that the
stability principles for biomass in the ecosystem and for employment in
economics are mathematically similar. The ecosystem is found to have a stable
and an unstable stationary state with high (forest) and low (grasslands)
biomass, respectively. In economics, there is a stable stationary state with
high employment, which corresponds to mass production of conventional goods
sold at low cost price, and an unstable stationary state with lower employment,
which corresponds to production of novel goods appearing in the course of
technological progress. An additional stable stationary state is described for
economics, the one corresponding to very low employment in production of life
essentials such as energy and raw materials. In this state the civilization
currently pays 10% of global GDP for energy produced by a negligible minority
of the working population (currently ~0.2%) and sold at prices greatly
exceeding the cost price by 40 times. It is shown that economic ownership over
energy sources is equivalent to equating measurable variables of different
dimensions (stores and fluxes), which leads to effective violation of the laws
of energy and matter conservation.Comment: 51 pages, 6 figure
Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law
When the probability of measuring a particular value of some quantity varies
inversely as a power of that value, the quantity is said to follow a power law,
also known variously as Zipf's law or the Pareto distribution. Power laws
appear widely in physics, biology, earth and planetary sciences, economics and
finance, computer science, demography and the social sciences. For instance,
the distributions of the sizes of cities, earthquakes, solar flares, moon
craters, wars and people's personal fortunes all appear to follow power laws.
The origin of power-law behaviour has been a topic of debate in the scientific
community for more than a century. Here we review some of the empirical
evidence for the existence of power-law forms and the theories proposed to
explain them.Comment: 28 pages, 16 figures, minor corrections and additions in this versio
"Quantum phase transitions" in classical nonequilibrium processes
Diffusion limited reaction of the Lotka-Volterra type is analyzed taking into
account the discrete nature of the reactants. In the continuum approximation,
the dynamics is dominated by an elliptic fixed-point. This fixed-point becomes
unstable due to discretization effects, a scenario similar to quantum phase
transitions. As a result, the long-time asymptotic behavior of the system
changes and the dynamics flows into a limit cycle.
The results are verified by numerical simulations.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures include
Four-state rock-paper-scissors games on constrained Newman-Watts networks
We study the cyclic dominance of three species in two-dimensional constrained
Newman-Watts networks with a four-state variant of the rock-paper-scissors
game. By limiting the maximal connection distance in Newman-Watts
networks with the long-rang connection probability , we depict more
realistically the stochastic interactions among species within ecosystems. When
we fix mobility and vary the value of or , the Monte Carlo
simulations show that the spiral waves grow in size, and the system becomes
unstable and biodiversity is lost with increasing or . These
results are similar to recent results of Reichenbach \textit{et al.} [Nature
(London) \textbf{448}, 1046 (2007)], in which they increase the mobility only
without including long-range interactions. We compared extinctions with or
without long-range connections and computed spatial correlation functions and
correlation length. We conclude that long-range connections could improve the
mobility of species, drastically changing their crossover to extinction and
making the system more unstable.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Computational inference in systems biology
Parameter inference in mathematical models of biological pathways, expressed as coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs), is a challenging problem. The computational costs associated with repeatedly solving the ODEs are often high. Aimed at reducing this cost, new concepts using gradient matching have been proposed. This paper combines current adaptive gradient matching approaches, using Gaussian processes, with a parallel tempering scheme, and conducts a comparative evaluation with current methods used for parameter inference in ODEs
The literature of chemoinformatics : 1978–2018
This article presents a study of the literature of chemoinformatics, updating and building upon an analogous bibliometric investigation that was published in 2008. Data on outputs in the field, and citations to those outputs, were obtained by means of topic searches of the Web of Science Core Collection. The searches demonstrate that chemoinformatics is by now a well-defined sub-discipline of chemistry, and one that forms an essential part of the chemical educational curriculum. There are three core journals for the subject: The Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, the Journal of Cheminformatics, and Molecular Informatics, and, having established itself, chemoinformatics is now starting to export knowledge to disciplines outside of chemistry
Spontaneous emergence of spatial patterns ina a predator-prey model
We present studies for an individual based model of three interacting
populations whose individuals are mobile in a 2D-lattice. We focus on the
pattern formation in the spatial distributions of the populations. Also
relevant is the relationship between pattern formation and features of the
populations' time series. Our model displays travelling waves solutions,
clustering and uniform distributions, all related to the parameters values. We
also observed that the regeneration rate, the parameter associated to the
primary level of trophic chain, the plants, regulated the presence of
predators, as well as the type of spatial configuration.Comment: 17 pages and 15 figure
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