The application of the Fourier and wavelet transform to altitude differences of temporal series, set out by GPS, acopled a shaker at USP bases.

The dynamic monitoring of road bridges through the determination of space displacements is one of the current areas  of interest of geodesy applied to the engineering of structures. The technology of satellite positioning is one of the available tools for this purpose and in this article it is partially evaluated. The GPS can contribute to the dynamic monitoring of structures if they have enough spatial displacement to be analysed by means this technology. In recent years, it have observed applications in great stayed bridges in Asia, in Europe and in North America. Some experiments had been carried out through the Base of Calibration of Geodetic Instruments of the USP using the GPS technology and modal analysis. In the present study, the application of this technology through the simulation with a shaker was analysed. From the application of the kinematic relative method, the three-dimensional displacements were obtained and the frequency of the first mode of table vibration, where the shaker was installed in one of the pillars of the baseline. The analysis was been carried out through the application of the Fourier and Wavelet transform.A monitoração dinâmica de pontes rodoviárias através da determinação de deslocamentos espaciais é uma das atuais áreas de interesse da geodésia aplicada à engenharia de estruturas. A tecnologia de posicionamento por satélite é uma das ferramentas disponíveis para este fim e foi avaliada neste artigo. Verifica-se que o GPS pode contribuir para com a monitoração dinâmica de estruturas se estas experimentarem suficiente deslocamento espacial para ser analisado por meio desta tecnologia. Nos últimos anos se observam aplicações em grandes pontes estaiadas na Ásia, na Europa e na América do Norte. Alguns experimentos foram realizados na Base de Calibração de Instrumentos Geodésicos da USP empregando-se a tecnologia GPS e análise modal. No presente estudo analisou-se a aplicação desta tecnologia através da simulação com um  shaker. A partir de determinações no método relativo cinemático obtiveram-se os deslocamentos tridimensionais e a freqüência do primeiro modo de vibração da mesa do shaker instalado sobre um dos pilares da base. As análises foram realde Fourier e em Ondaleta (Wavelet)

Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World

We examined the mitogenomes of a large global collection of human malaria parasites to explore how and when Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax entered the Americas. We found evidence of a significant contribution of African and South Asian lineages to present-day New World malaria parasites with additional P. vivax lineages appearing to originate from Melanesia that were putatively carried by the Australasian peoples who contributed genes to Native Americans. Importantly, mitochondrial lineages of the P. vivax-like species P. simium are shared by platyrrhine monkeys and humans in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, but not across the Amazon, which most likely resulted from one or a few recent human-to-monkey transfers. While enslaved Africans were likely the main carriers of P. falciparum mitochondrial lineages into the Americas after the conquest, additional parasites carried by Australasian peoples in pre-Columbian times may have contributed to the extensive diversity of extant local populations of P. vivax

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Queijos de casca lavada – uma revisão

Washed rind (bacterial surface-ripened) cheeses are a diverse group of varieties characterized by the growth of bacterial flora on the surface during ripening which leads to the red colour on the surface and flavor which characteristically develops. The cheeses are ripened under special conditions of temperature and high relative humidity (above 95%) to promote the growth of microorganisms. Their rind is washed several times during ripening with a brine (morge) beginning by the longest for the latest cheese, in order to propagate the Brevibacterium linens, the major surface microorganism that is present in the smear of surface ripened cheeses. This article presents a literature review of the washed-rind cheeses, so as to encourage the manufacture of these products in Brazilian dairy industry, given the difficulty of this information in Portuguese language and it often becomes an obstacle for the industry and/or their technicians.Os queijos de casca lavada (maturados por microrganismos de superfície) representam uma variedade de queijos no qual bactérias crescem na sua superfície durante a maturação originando a cor alaranjada na sua casca e aroma característico. São queijos maturados sob condições especiais de temperatura e umidade relativa elevada (acima de 95%), e propícias ao crescimento dessa microbiota. Durante a maturação, os queijos são esfregados várias vezes com uma solução salina (morge) iniciando-se pelos fabricados há mais tempo para os mais recentes, com o intuito de propagar o Brevibacterium linens, microrganismo principal presente nos queijos de casca lavada. Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre os queijos de casca lavada, de modo a incentivar a fabricação desses em laticínios brasileiros, em face da dificuldade destas informações em língua portuguesa e que muitas vezes torna-se um obstáculo para a indústria e ou seus técnicos.

Colonization of vines by Petri disease fungi, susceptibility of rootstocks to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and their disinfection

ABSTRACT: Petri disease is complex, attacks young vine plants and it is difficult to be controlled. The fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Phc) has been identified as the main causative agent of this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalent colonization of the Petri disease fungi in different portions of vine plants; to assess the susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to the fungus P. chlamydospora; to assess the effect of solarization and biofumigation, followed by hot-water treatment (HWT), on the disinfection of cuttings of the rootstock IAC 766 infected with P. chlamydospora, and assess the effect of solarization and biofumigation, followed by HWT, on the rooting of cuttings of the rootstock IAC 766. For the prevalent colonization test, the fungus species detected and identified in ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted on two rootstocks different were Phc and Phialemoniopsis ocularis. This is the first report of P. ocularis in a young vineyard in Brazil. Both fungi, in particular Phc, colonized only the plant’s basal part, drawing attention to the rootstock as target for control measures. Measurement of the dark streaks in the vascular system revealed that Golia was the least susceptible rootstock, and IAC 572 was the most susceptible to Phc. Moreover, biofumigation or temperature of 37°C applied for 7 and 14 days, both followed by HWT, suppressed Phc in cuttings of the rootstock IAC 766 without hampering their rooting. Meanwhile, new studies are needed to validate the efficiency of these disinfection techniques

Doença respiratória em menores de cinco anos no sul do Brasil: influência do ambiente doméstico

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a prevalência de doenças agudas do trato respiratório inferior e os fatores de risco relacionados às condições de moradia em crianças de 0 a 59 meses na Cidade do Rio Grande, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com 775 crianças. Foram aplicados questionários padronizados às mães ou responsáveis pelas crianças, em seus domicílios, e coletadas informações sobre condições de habitação, nível socioeconômico e tabagismo. Também foram investigados: o estado nutricional, a duração da amamentação, o atendimento pré-natal e a utilização dos serviços de saúde. As variáveis ambientais foram analisadas individualmente e em conjunto, em um escore ambiental que englobou 10 variáveis – tipo de construção, tipo de piso, aquecimento doméstico, tipo de fogão, cão no quarto da criança, cão dentro de casa, gato no quarto da criança, gato dentro de casa, aglomeração e fumo materno – variando de 0 (melhor) a 10 (pior). A análise incluiu duas etapas: bivariada, com o cálculo da razão de prevalências de cada um dos fatores de risco, e multivariada, através de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de doença respiratória aguda baixa foi de 23,9%. Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram: escore ambiental > 3 pontos, menos de 5 anos de escolaridade materna, renda familiar mensal menor do que US$ 200,00, quatro ou mais pessoas dividindo o quarto da criança e tabagismo materno. A idade materna > 30 anos foi identificada como fator de proteção. CONCLUSÕES: É preciso implementar programas específicos de controle para as doenças respiratórias agudas na população estudada. O escore ambiental desenvolvido pode substituir as variáveis ambientais testadas, devendo ser aplicado em outros contextos para determinar a sua validade externa.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections and the risk factors associated with living conditions among children up to 5 years of age in the city of Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 775 children. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the mother or other caregiver at the child's home in order to collect information on housing conditions, socioeconomic status, and smoking in the home. Additional variables examined included nutritional status, duration of breast-feeding, prenatal care, and utilization of health care services. Environmental variables were analyzed individually and were also grouped together in an "environmental score" that encompassed 10 variables: type of house construction, type of floor, home heating system, type of stove, dog in the child's room, dog in the house, cat in the child's room, cat in the house, number of people per room, and maternal smoking. The grouped environmental score ranged from 0 (best) to 10 (worst). The analysis included two stages: a bivariate stage, in which the prevalence ratio was calculated for each risk factor, and a multivariate stage, with logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections was 23.9%. The main risk factors identified were: environmental score > 3 points, maternal schooling 30 years was found to protect against the development of respiratory illness. CONCLUSION: Specific programs need to be implemented to control acute respiratory illnesses in the population studied. In future studies with this population, the environmental score that we developed could be used in place of the complete set of environmental variables that we tested. This environmental score should be applied in other contexts so as to determine its external validity

Reconstituição do traçado da "estrada dos Goiases" no trecho da atual mancha urbana de Campinas

This paper seeks to retrace a stretch of Estrada dos Goiases (an old trail opened in\ud 1722 by frontiersmen moving west) over the urban area of present-day Campinas, basically\ud through an analysis of aerial photographs dated June 1940. The result i.e. the outline ensuing\ud from the evidence gathered coincides with the sketch presented by historian Celso Maria de\ud Mello Pupo (PUPO, 1969), but it diverges from a traditional and prevailing opinion found in\ud academic works concerning the history of this city, which is also discussed in the paper. Retracing\ud the said stretch of the old route, to which Campinas owes its origins, is an important first step\ud towards a clearer understanding of the subsequent development of the city´s urban contou