Diurnal and seasonal active layer and permafrost dynamics from boreholes of the Latin American permafrost network

Permafrost is present in the high-altitude mountains of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt as well as the Andes, even in the extreme dry Atacama highland. The permafrost and active layer termal state are characterized at Latin American Permafrost Network study sites. Ice rich or extremely dry permafrost was observed during drilling operations from Mexico (Pico de Orizaba, 5636m a.s.l. Iztaccíhuatl, 5230m a.s.l.), Colombia, Ecuador (Chimborazo, 6263m a.s.l.), Peru (Coropuna 5250 m a.s.l., Ampato 5850 m a.s.l., Chachani 5600 m a.s.l.) including the highest human habitation in the world: La Rinconada 5100 m a.s.l., Bolivia (Chacaltaya 5300 m a.s.l. where glacier disappeared in 2005), and the Chilean/Argentinian border (up to 6750 m a.s.l. including Parinacota, Aucanquilcha, Ojos del Salado, Llullaillaco, Tupungato and Tupungatito). The Lower Limit of Alpine Permafrost (LLAP) is redrawn from this study between latitude 19˚N and 40˚S where it is mainly in the tropical and arid Andes. This is not a rock glacier monitoring program that not mapping sporadic permafrost, but continuous permafrost terrains for long term temperature monitoring and understanding for local hydrological problems such as glacier/snow melt runoff or sublimation rate of higher elevations. The maximum active layer is typically influenced by the diurnal fluctuations which is between 12-30 cm deep however, maximum 2m depth of the seasonal active layer was observed at Ojos del Salado near the LLAP (5200 m a.s.l.). Daily severe frost shattering occurs near the ground surface, producing a dusty, fine-material horizon at an active layer near the LLAP, however a few freeze-thaw actions are higher than 6400 m. The snow-covered periods are important for providing protection from strong tropic solar radiation

Parasitismo Natural de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), en cuatro departamentos de Paraguay

  The impact produced by natural enemies on culture pests is a very important factor to be taken into account when evaluating control methods. In this contaxt, the characteristic fauna of a region and its influence on a particular pest are very relevant data. This paper records the occurrence of parasitoids naturally associated with the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), in Paraguay, and their percentual impact, calculated from rearing larvae of the host collected during the period 2015 – 2016 in the departments of Caaguazú, Alto Paraná, Canindeyú and Itapúa. The parasitoids recorded were: Dissomphalus spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), Exasticolus fuscicornis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ophion spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Archytas spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Winthenia spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae).  El impacto que los enemigos naturales producen sobre las plagas de cultivos es un factor importante a tener en cuenta en el momento de evaluar los métodos de control a ser aplicados. En este contexto, la fauna propia de una región y su influencia sobre una plaga en particular son datos relevantes. Este articulo reporta la ocurrencia de parasitoides asociados de manera natural al gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), en el Paraguay, y su impacto porcentual, calculado en la base de cría de larvas del hospedero colectados durante el período 2015 - 2016 en los departamentos de Caaguazú, Alto Paraná, Canindeyú e Itapúa. Los parasitoides reportados fueron: Dissomphalus spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), Exasticolus fuscicornis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ophion spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Archytas spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) y Winthenia spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae

High Mountain Areas

The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high-mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population. Widespread cryosphere changes affect physical, biological and human systems in the mountains and surrounding lowlands, with impacts evident even in the ocean. Building on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this chapter assesses new evidence on observed recent and projected changes in the mountain cryosphere as well as associated impacts, risks and adaptation measures related to natural and human systems. Impacts in response to climate changes independently of changes in the cryosphere are not assessed in this chapter. Polar mountains are included in Chapter 3, except those in Alaska and adjacent Yukon, Iceland, and Scandinavia, which are included in this chapter

La oralidad en el aula : descripción de las prácticas orales en el aula del grado quinto de los colegios Gimnasio Femenino y Liceo Hermano Miguel de La Salle

En las últimas décadas se ha despertado un interés mutuo en las instituciones educativas, al igual que en el grupo de docentes de Lengua Castellana, sobre la enseñanza de la oralidad, esta preocupación ha generado la reflexión de la manera como se debe formalizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. La presente investigación explora la metodología de la enseñanza aplicada en el colegio Gimnasio Femenino y Liceo Hermano Miguel de La Salle de Bogotá, en relación con la enseñanza de la oralidad en grado quinto. Básicamente obedece a dos circunstancias| al aspecto psicolingüístico y al aspecto etnográfico, principalmente de la actuación comunicativa. Este estudio se basa en unos referentes teóricos desde el enfoque lingüístico, el lenguaje y la interacción de los participantes en el proceso de enseñanza y en el uso de la oralidad en el contexto escolar

La oralidad en el aula descripción de las prácticas orales en el aula del grado quinto de los colegios Gimnasio Femenino y Liceo Hermano Miguel de La Salle

Profesional en Estudios LiterariosPregrad

Living at the Edge: Increasing Stress for Plants 2–13 Years After the Retreat of a Tropical Glacier

International audienceRapid warming is a major threat for the alpine biodiversity but, at the same time, accelerated glacial retreat constitutes an opportunity for taxa and communities to escape range contraction or extinction. We explored the first steps of plant primary succession after accelerated glacial retreat under the assumption that the first few years are critical for the success of plant establishment. To this end, we examined plant succession along a very short post-glacial chronosequence in the tropical Andes of Ecuador (2–13 years after glacial retreat). We recorded the location of all plant individuals within an area of 4,200 m2 divided into plots of 1 m2. This sampling made it possible to measure theresponses of the microenvironment, plant diversity and plants traits to time since the glacial retreat. It also made it possible to produce species-area curves and to estimate positive interactions between species. Decreases in soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil macronutrients revealed increasing abiotic stress for plants between two and 13 years after glacial retreat. This increasing stress seemingly explained the lack of positive correlation between plant diversity and time since the glacial retreat. It might explain the decreasing performance of plants at both the population (lower plant height) and the community levels (lower species richness and lower accumulation of species perarea). Meanwhile, infrequent spatial associations among plants indicated a facilitation deficit and animal-dispersed plants were almost absent. Although the presence of 21 species on such a small sampled area seven years after glacial retreat could look like a colonization success in the first place, the increasing abiotic stress may partly erase this success, reducing species richness to 13 species after 13 years and increasing the frequency of patches without vegetation. This fine-grain distribution study sheds new light on nature’s responses to the effects of climate change in cold biomes, suggesting that faster glacial retreat would not necessarily result in accelerated plant colonization. Results are exploratory and require site replications for generalization

La Investigación en Seguridad y Salud Laboral y sus Prioridades en Ecuador, una Aproximación desde las Políticas Públicas

The management of safety and occupational health is a fundamental basis for organizations in their constant search for better working conditions as a means to achieve the objectives of good living. In this sense, research initiatives in Ecuador should be aligned with the local problems, and the academy should be the platform for discussion and dissemination of occupational health and safety management trends that should materialize in regulations, laws and regulations. public politics. The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of research in occupational health and safety in the Ecuadorian context based on its presence in public policies. From a documentary review, the main references are identified, with which an analysis and discussion is made, with some final reflections. Among the main findings is the low productivity in research and public policies at the local level, with respect to the global, due, among other factors, to the low culture of university research and training, the lack of research lines, and the low prioritization in the public agenda of this issue of occupational health and safety.La gestión de la seguridad y la salud laboral constituye una base fundamental para las organizaciones en su constante búsqueda de mejores condiciones de trabajo como medio para alcanzar los objetivos del buen vivir. En este sentido, las iniciativas de investigación en el Ecuador deberían estar alineadas a la problemática local, y la academia debería ser la tribuna para la discusión y divulgación de las tendencias en gestión de seguridad y salud laboral que deben materializarse en normativas, leyes y políticas públicas. El objetivo de esta ponencia es analizar el papel de la investigación en seguridad y salud laboral en el contexto ecuatoriano a partir de su presencia en las políticas públicas. A partir de una revisión documental, se identifican los principales referentes, con lo cual se realiza un análisis y reflexiones finales. Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca la escasa productividad en la investigación y políticas públicas a nivel local, con respecto al global, debido, entre otros factores, a la poca cultura de investigación y formación universitaria, la falta de líneas de investigación, y a la baja priorización en la agenda pública de esta temática de seguridad y salud laboral