94 research outputs found
Democratic Society and Education
In March 2010 the Congress of the German Educational Research Association (GERA/DGfE) was held in Mainz. This yearâs topic âBildung in der Demokratieâ (Education in a Democratic Society) touched upon the classic questions and concerns of processes of learning in the domain of the social sciences, i.e. social, economic or political subjects. Therefore, in these conference proceedings we intend to present the research-trends and theoretical profiles that should be of interest especially for teaching the social sciences. Three major trends in the discipline were represented at the conference with their rather different understandings of education in social sciences: knowledge-oriented subject matter didactics, socially-oriented âDemokratiedidaktikâ (didactics of democracy), and a systemic and function-oriented sociology of education. Unfortunately, dialogue between these trends was rare at Mainz. The congress proceedings will thus try to show the different approaches they take and to reconstruct the communication that was needed, but often absent. A conceptual and empirical linkage between these positions seems necessary and reasonable. The following report presents a number of research-projects which attempt such linkages and thereby reconstruct and constructively orient the inner logic of pedagogical processes along the road to an empirically founded theory of education
Demokratie und Bildung
Im MĂ€rz 2010 fand in Mainz der Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft fĂŒr Erziehungswissenschaft (DGfE) statt. Das diesjĂ€hrige Kongressthema âBildung in der Demokratieâ berĂŒhrte dabei klassische Fragestellungen und Anliegen von Lernprozessen in sozialwissenschaftlichen DomĂ€nen, also soziales, ökonomisches oder politisches Lernen. Aus diesem Grund wollen wir im vorliegenden Tagungsbericht jene Forschungstrends und Theorieprofile wiedergeben, die speziell fĂŒr die sozialwissenschaftliche Bildung interessant sein dĂŒrften. Auf dem Kongress zeigten sich mit den wissensorientierten Fachdidaktiken, der beziehungsorientierten Demokratiedidaktik und einer systemisch-funktional orientierten Bildungssoziologie drei disziplinĂ€re âPlayerâ, die fĂŒr unterschiedliche VerstĂ€ndnisse von sozialwissenschaftlicher Bildung stehen. Ein Austausch zwischen den Playern fand in Mainz jedoch kaum statt. Der Tagungsbericht versucht, die ZugĂ€nge der unterschiedlichen Player nachzuzeichnen und deren versĂ€umtes GesprĂ€ch zu rekonstruieren. Eine konzeptionelle und empirische Verbindung der Player scheint notwendig und sinnvoll. Der folgende Bericht kann bereits auf einige Forschungsprojekte aufmerksam machen, die eine solche VerknĂŒpfung versuchen und auf dem Weg zu einer empirisch fundierten Bildungstheorie in Bildungsgangstudien die Eigenlogik pĂ€dagogischer Prozesse rekonstruieren und konstruktiv orientieren
Effects of a structured 20-session slow-cortical-potential-based neurofeedback program on attentional performance in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: retrospective analysis of an open-label pilot-approach and 6-month follow-up
Assessment of femoral retroversion on preoperative hip magnetic resonance imaging in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Theoretical implications for hip impingement risk estimation.
PURPOSE
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a common pediatric hip disease and was associated with femoral retroversion, but femoral version was rarely measured. Therefore, mean femoral version, mean femoral neck version, and prevalence of femoral retroversion were analyzed for slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients.
METHODS
A retrospective observational study evaluating preoperative hip magnetic resonance imaging of 27 patients (49 hips) was performed. Twenty-seven untreated slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (28 slipped capital femoral epiphysis hips and 21 contralateral hips, age 10-16âyears) were evaluated (79% stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 22 patients; 43% severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 12 patients). Femoral version was measured using Murphy method on magnetic resonance imaging (January 2014-December 2021, rapid bilateral 3-dimensional T1 water-only Dixon-based images of pelvis and knee). All slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients underwent surgery after magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS
Mean femoral version of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (-1°â±â15°) was significantly (pâ<â0.001) lower compared to contralateral side (15°â±â14°). Femoral version of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients had significantly (pâ<â0.001) wider range from -42° to 35° (range 77°) compared to contralateral side (-5° to 44°, range 49°). Mean femoral neck version of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (6°â±â15°) was lower compared to contralateral side (11°â±â12°). Fifteen slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (54%) had absolute femoral retroversion (femoral versionâ<â0°). Six of the 12 hips (50%) with severe slips and 4 of the 8 hips (50%) with mild slips had absolute femoral retroversion (femoral versionâ<â0°). Ten slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients (40%) had absolute femoral neck retroversion (femoral neck versionâ<â0°).
CONCLUSION
Although slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients showed asymmetrically lower femoral version compared to contralateral side, there was a wide range of femoral version, underlining the importance of patient-specific femoral version analysis on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Absolute femoral retroversion was prevalent in half of slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients, in half of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients, and in half of mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients. This has implications for anterior hip impingement and for surgical treatment with in situ pinning or femoral osteotomy (e.g. proximal femoral derotation osteotomy) or other hip preservation surgery
The effects of varying depth in cosmic shear surveys
We present a semi-analytic model for the shear two-point correlation function
of a cosmic shear survey with non-uniform depth. Ground-based surveys are
subject to depth variations that primarily arise through varying atmospheric
conditions. For a survey like the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), we find that the
measured depth variation increases the amplitude of the observed shear
correlation function at the level of a few percent out to degree-scales,
relative to the assumed uniform-depth case. The impact on the inferred
cosmological parameters is shown to be insignificant for a KiDS-like survey.
For next-generation cosmic shear experiments, however, we conclude that
variable depth should be accounted for
Magnification bias in galaxy surveys with complex sample selection functions
Gravitational lensing magnification modifies the observed spatial
distribution of galaxies and can severely bias cosmological probes of
large-scale structure if not accurately modelled. Standard approaches to
modelling this magnification bias may not be applicable in practice as many
galaxy samples have complex, often implicit, selection functions. We propose
and test a procedure to quantify the magnification bias induced in clustering
and galaxy-galaxy lensing (GGL) signals in galaxy samples subject to a
selection function beyond a simple flux limit. The method employs realistic
mock data to calibrate an effective luminosity function slope,
, from observed galaxy counts, which can then be used with
the standard formalism. We demonstrate this method for two galaxy samples
derived from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) in the redshift
ranges and , complemented by mock data
built from the MICE2 simulation. We obtain
and for the two BOSS samples. For BOSS-like
lenses, we forecast a contribution of the magnification bias to the GGL signal
between the angular scales of and with a cumulative
signal-to-noise ratio between and for sources from the Kilo-Degree
Survey (KiDS), between and for sources from the Hyper Suprime-Cam
survey (HSC), and between and for ESA Euclid-like source samples.
These contributions are significant enough to require explicit modelling in
future analyses of these and similar surveys.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
KiDS-1000: cross-correlation with Planck cosmic microwave background lensing and intrinsic alignment removal with self-calibration
Galaxy shear - cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing convergence
cross-correlations contain additional information on cosmology to
auto-correlations. While being immune to certain systematic effects, they are
affected by the galaxy intrinsic alignments (IA). This may be responsible for
the reported low lensing amplitude of the galaxy shear CMB convergence
cross-correlations, compared to the standard Planck CDM (cosmological
constant and cold dark matter) cosmology prediction. In this work, we
investigate how IA affects the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) galaxy lensing shear -
Planck CMB lensing convergence cross-correlation and compare it to previous
treatments with or without IA taken into consideration. More specifically, we
compare marginalization over IA parameters and the IA self-calibration (SC)
method (with additional observables defined only from the source galaxies) and
prove that SC can efficiently break the degeneracy between the CMB lensing
amplitude and the IA amplitude . We further
investigate how different systematics affect the resulting and
, and validate our results with the MICE2 simulation. We find
that by including the SC method to constrain IA, the information loss due to
the degeneracy between CMB lensing and IA is strongly reduced. The best-fit
values are and , while different angular scale cuts can affect
by . We show that appropriate treatment of the boost
factor, cosmic magnification, and photometric redshift modeling is important
for obtaining the correct IA and cosmological results.Comment: match version accepted by A&
KiDS+VIKING-450 and DES-Y1 combined::Mitigating baryon feedback uncertainty with COSEBIs
We present cosmological constraints from a joint cosmic shear analysis of the
Kilo-Degree Survey (KV450) and the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1), conducted using
Complete Orthogonal Sets of E/B-Integrals (COSEBIs). With COSEBIs we isolate
any B-modes which have a non-cosmic shear origin and demonstrate the robustness
of our cosmological E-mode analysis as no significant B-modes are detected. We
highlight how COSEBIs are fairly insensitive to the amplitude of the non-linear
matter power spectrum at high -scales, mitigating the uncertain impact of
baryon feedback in our analysis. COSEBIs, therefore, allow us to utilise
additional small-scale information, improving the DES-Y1 joint constraints on
and by .
Adopting a flat CDM model we find , which
is in tension with the Planck Legacy analysis of the cosmic
microwave background.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 15 pages, 7 figure
Potential impacts on ecosystem services of land use transitions to second-generation bioenergy crops in GB
We present the first assessment of the impact of land use change (LUC) to second-generation (2G) bioenergy crops on ecosystem services (ES) resolved spatially for Great Britain (GB). A systematic approach was used to assess available evidence on the impacts of LUC from arable, semi-improved grassland or woodland/forest, to 2G bioenergy crops, for which a quantitative âthreat matrixâ was developed. The threat matrix was used to estimate potential impacts of transitions to either Miscanthus, short-rotation coppice (SRC, willow and poplar) or short-rotation forestry (SRF). The ES effects were found to be largely dependent on previous land uses rather than the choice of 2G crop when assessing the technical potential of available biomass with a transition from arable crops resulting in the most positive effect on ES. Combining these data with constraint masks and available land for SRC and Miscanthus (SRF omitted from this stage due to lack of data), south-west and north-west England were identified as areas where Miscanthus and SRC could be grown, respectively, with favourable combinations of economic viability, carbon sequestration, high yield and positive ES benefits. This study also suggests that not all prospective planting of Miscanthus and SRC can be allocated to agricultural land class (ALC) ALC 3 and ALC 4 and suitable areas of ALC 5 are only minimally available. Beneficial impacts were found on 146 583 and 71 890 ha when planting Miscanthus or SRC, respectively, under baseline planting conditions rising to 293 247 and 91 318 ha, respectively, under 2020 planting scenarios. The results provide an insight into the interplay between land availability, original land uses, bioenergy crop type and yield in determining overall positive or negative impacts of bioenergy cropping on ecosystems services and go some way towards developing a framework for quantifying wider ES impacts of this important LUC
Teriflunomide treatment for multiple sclerosis modulates T cell mitochondrial respiration with affinity-dependent effects
International audienceInterference with immune cell proliferation represents a successful treatment strategy in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS). One prominent example is pharmacological inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which mediates de novo pyrimidine synthesis in actively proliferating T and B lymphocytes. Within the TERIDYNAMIC clinical study, we observed that the DHODH inhibitor teriflunomide caused selective changes in T cell subset composition and T cell receptor repertoire diversity in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). In a preclinical antigen-specific setup, DHODH inhibition preferentially suppressed the proliferation of high-affinity T cells. Mechanistically, DHODH inhibition interferes with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and aerobic glycolysis in activated T cells via functional inhibition of complex III of the respiratory chain. The affinity-dependent effects of DHODH inhibition were closely linked to differences in T cell metabolism. High-affinity T cells preferentially use OXPHOS during early activation, which explains their increased susceptibility toward DHODH inhibition. In a mouse model of MS, DHODH inhibitory treatment resulted in preferential inhibition of high-affinity autoreactive T cell clones. Compared to T cells from healthy controls, T cells from patients with RRMS exhibited increased OXPHOS and glycolysis, which were reduced with teriflunomide treatment. Together, these data point to a mechanism of action where DHODH inhibition corrects metabolic disturbances in T cells, which primarily affects profoundly metabolically active high-affinity T cell clones. Hence, DHODH inhibition may promote recovery of an altered T cell receptor repertoire in autoimmunity
- âŠ