Gestational hypothyroxinemia affects its offspring with a reduced suppressive capacity impairing the outcome of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Indexación: Scopus.Hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) is a thyroid hormone deficiency (THD) condition highly frequent during pregnancy, which although asymptomatic for the mother, it can impair the cognitive function of the offspring. Previous studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we analyzed the immune response after EAE induction in the adult offspring gestated in Hpx. Mice gestated in Hpx showed an early appearance of EAE symptoms and the increase of all parameters of the disease such as: the pathological score, spinal cord demyelination, and immune cell infiltration in comparison to the adult offspring gestated in euthyroidism. Isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells from spleen of the offspring gestated in Hpx that suffer EAE showed reduced capacity to suppress proliferation of effector T cells (TEff) after being stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments of CD4+CD25+ T cells from the offspring gestated in Hpx suffering EAE to mice that were induced with EAE showed that the receptor mice suffer more intense EAE pathological score. Even though, no significant differences were detected in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 content in the blood, spleen, and brain between mice gestated in Hpx or euthyroidism, T cells CD4+CD25+ from spleen have reduced capacity to differentiate in vitro to Treg and to produce IL-10. Thus, our data support the notion that maternal Hpx can imprint the immune response of the offspring suffering EAE probably due to a reduced capacity to trigger suppression. Such "imprints" on the immune system could contribute to explaining as to why adult offspring gestated in Hpx suffer earlier and more intense EAE. © 2018 Haensgen, Albornoz, Opazo, Bugueño, Jara Fernández, Binzberger, Rivero-Castillo, Venegas Salas, Simon, Cabello-Verrugio, Elorza, Kalergis, Bueno and Riedel.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01257/ful

El Proyecto Manubuild: una propuesta de la aplicación de sistemas industrializados a la vivienda colectiva en España

In March 2006 the Madrid Municipal Housing and Property Corporation (Spanish initials, EMVS) announced a limited competition of architectural ideas as the first step in erecting a building designed to the strategy laid down in the Integrated Manubuild R&D+i Project, funded under the European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme. The purpose of this competition, in which a number of European teams participated, was to obtain high-calibre architectural proposals for new building types for the Mediterranean climate and culture, using open and sustainable industrialized construction systems. The ideas selected were to constitute a conceptual springboard for a building that the EMVS planned to erect in Madrid as the product of the research. The winning proposal, authored by Estudio RLA, aims to break the inertia that has traditionally weighed on Spanish construction, a model based on pseudo-craftsmanship and opportunistic property development that generated the least sustainable growth pattern in the European Union. The project strategy rules out closed industrialization or serial production, opting for an approach in which the advantages of industrialization are interpreted in the context of energy savings. The proposal would be for comprehensive design in line with new, flexible building types able to evolve and adapt to users’ changing needs while ensuring the geometric compatibility required by industrialized systems. The spatial flexibility required in the competition rules is, then, embodied in industrialized systems that generate the bearing structure, services, active and passive bio-climatic systems and the envelope. This provides for a wholly open solution in which building elements selected from a range of standardized products and suppliers can be combined.En marzo de 2006, fue convocado por la Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y el Suelo de Madrid (EMVS) un concurso restringido de ideas arquitectónicas como primer paso para la construcción de un edificio, en el contexto de la estrategia marcada por el Proyecto Integrado I+D+i Manubuild, con financiación de la Comisión Europea a través del 6º Programa Marco. El objetivo de este concurso, en el que participaron diferentes equipos europeos, fue obtener propuestas de alto nivel arquitectónico sobre nuevos tipos edificatorios -en el ámbito de la climatología y la cultura mediterráneos-, con aplicación de sistemas constructivos industrializados, abiertos y sostenibles, de tal modo que las ideas seleccionadas constituyesen el punto de partida conceptual para el edificio que la EMVS tenía previsto realizar en Madrid como demostrador de la investigación. La propuesta ganadora –redactada por el Estudio RLA– pretende superar las inercias que tradicionalmente han lastrado a la construcción en España, un modelo pseudoartesanal fundado en la promoción inmobiliaria oportunista, con el resultado de que nuestro modo de crecer ha sido el más insostenible de la Unión Europea. La estrategia del proyecto rehúye asimismo cualquier industrialización o seriación cerrada, optando por un planteamiento intelectual que interpreta las ventajas de la industrialización en clave energética, proponiendo una respuesta integral que dé cuenta de nuevos tipos edificatorios flexibles y con capacidad para evolucionar, adaptándose a las necesidades cambiantes de los usuarios y asegurando la compatibilidad geométrica que los sistemas industrializados exigen. La flexibilidad espacial requerida por las bases del concurso se desarrolla, de este modo, con sistemas industrializados que generan la estructura portante, las instalaciones, los sistemas bioclimáticos pasivos y activos y el sistema de la envolvente, permitiendo el alcanzar una solución completamente abierta donde es posible combinar los elementos constructivos dentro de una gama estandarizada de productos y proveedores

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Annual cycle of growth and population structure of the estuarine crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Brachyura: Varunidae) off central Chile

Estuaries and saltmarshes play a fundamental role in the life cycle of many crab species. Diverse studies show that temperature and salinity modulate abundance, size frequency distribution (SFD), sex ratio and growth in crustaceans. These population parameters are usually challenging to estimate due to the high environmental variability of estuaries. Monthly samples of the estuarine crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus were taken from October 2003 to October 2004 (except July 2004) in the Tubul estuary, central Chile. We quantified temporal changes in abundance, size distribution, sex ratio and monthly growth through the annual cycle. A total of 1025 individuals were collected. Sizes ranged from 7.72-33.51 mm carapace length (CL) with a growth rate ranging between 2.13-30.5% mm CL mo-1. Size and growth rates were greater in spring-summer, suggesting a faster growth of younger crabs correlated with increasing sea temperatures in the austral summer. Overall, sex ratio was 1.75:1 in favour of males. Modal analysis identified at least seven cohorts cohabiting throughout the annual cycle. Growth parameters for males and females were the following, respectively: L∞ = 33.6 and 29.6, k = 0.69 and 0.91, t0 = -0.39 and -0.28. Changes in size distribution suggested a recruitment period during autumn and winter seasons when there are lower salinities and temperature fluctuations stresses. Generalized linear models indicated that sea temperature, salinity and chlorophyll were the environmental variables that better predicted the annual patterns in the population structure.Fil: Riquelme Bugueño, Ramiro A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Luppi, Tomas Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Saldías, Gonzalo S.. Centro Fondap de Investigación En Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes; Chile. Universidad del Bio Bio; ChileFil: Lagos, Marcelo E.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Urbina, Mauricio A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Retamal, Marco A.. Universidad de Concepción; Chil

Niños con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE) en 3° año básico

Tesis (Profesor de Educación General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN. OBJETIVO GENERAL: ❖ Evaluar las estrategias metodológicas que utiliza la profesora de 3° año Básico del colegio en estudio, con Niños con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE), en relación al Marco de la Buena Enseñanza. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS: 1. Conocer las NEE que presentan los niños del curso en estudio. 2. Describir las estrategias metodológicas que lleva a cabo el profesor del curso en estudio. 3. Conocer la percepción del profesor con respecto a los niños con NEE. 4. Reconocer los referentes que orientan la labor pedagógica en el trabajo con niños con NEE. 5. Contrastar las estrategias metodológicas que utiliza la profesora para trabajar con niños que presentan NEE, según el Marco de la Buena Enseñanza