Ionospheric Simulation System for Satellite Observations and Global Assimilative Model Experiments - ISOGAME

Modeling and imaging the Earth's ionosphere as well as understanding its structures, inhomogeneities, and disturbances is a key part of NASA's Heliophysics Directorate science roadmap. This invention provides a design tool for scientific missions focused on the ionosphere. It is a scientifically important and technologically challenging task to assess the impact of a new observation system quantitatively on our capability of imaging and modeling the ionosphere. This question is often raised whenever a new satellite system is proposed, a new type of data is emerging, or a new modeling technique is developed. The proposed constellation would be part of a new observation system with more low-Earth orbiters tracking more radio occultation signals broadcast by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) than those offered by the current GPS and COSMIC observation system. A simulation system was developed to fulfill this task. The system is composed of a suite of software that combines the Global Assimilative Ionospheric Model (GAIM) including first-principles and empirical ionospheric models, a multiple- dipole geomagnetic field model, data assimilation modules, observation simulator, visualization software, and orbit design, simulation, and optimization software

Ice-Shelf Flexure and Tidal Forcing of Bindschadler Ice Stream, West Antarctica

Viscoelastic models of ice-shelf flexure and ice-stream velocity perturbations are combined into a single efficient flowline model to study tidal forcing of grounded ice. The magnitude and timing of icestream response to tidally driven changes in hydrostatic pressure and/or basal drag are found to depend significantly on bed rheology, with only a perfectly plastic bed allowing instantaneous velocity response at the grounding line. The model can reasonably reproduce GPS observations near the grounding zone of Bindschadler Ice Stream (formerly Ice Stream D) on semidiurnal time scales; however, other forcings such as tidally driven ice-shelf slope transverse to the flowline and flexurally driven till deformation must also be considered if diurnal motion is to be matche

Political youth traditional schools : National and international perpective

273 p.; 21 cm

Impact analysis of temperature and water dilution ratio in anaerobic co-digestion of jatropha press-cake and pig manure in batch mode

Anaerobic digestion is already an established technology in biogas production which converts biomass feedstock into biogas as a renewable fuel source. During anaerobic digestion, not only renewable biogas is produced but also its by-product can be used as organic fertilizer. The combination of Jatropha press-cake and pig manure has not been fully explored which shows a potential area in biogas production. It was observed that the substrates mix of 50JPC:50PM with water dilution ratios of 1:3 and 1:4, did not produce better results on biogas production. Fortunately, some substrates mix of JPC and PM using the above-mentioned water dilution ratios produced better results in total gas production and methane content. The most satisfactory results of methane gas contents were 172.97, 158.77 and 133.35 L/kg VSdestructed, as produced at substrates percent-mixture ratios of 80JPC:20PM (1:3 WDR), 90JPC:10PM (1:3 WDR), and 90JPC:10PM (1:4 WDR), respectively