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Hypnotic Tactile Anesthesia: Psychophysical and Signal-Detection Analyses.
Two experiments that studied the effects of hypnotic suggestions on tactile sensitivity are reported. Experiment 1 found that suggestions for anesthesia, as measured by both traditional psychophysical methods and signal-detection procedures, were linearly related to hypnotizability. Experiment 2 employed the same methodologies in an application of the real-simulator paradigm to examine the effects of suggestions for both anesthesia and hyperesthesia. Significant effects of hypnotic suggestion on both sensitivity and bias were found in the anesthesia condition but not for the hyperesthesia condition. A new bias parameter, C', indicated that much of the bias found in the initial analyses was artifactual, a function of changes in sensitivity across conditions. There were no behavioral differences between reals and simulators in any of the conditions, though analyses of postexperimental interviews suggested the 2 groups had very different phenomenal experiences
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Unconscious Mental Life
Unconscious mental life consists of mental states - percepts, memories, and the like which influence conscious experience, thought, and action outside of phenomenal awareness and voluntary control. Automatic processes, for example, appear to operate unconsciously in this sense. In addition, dissociations between explicit and implicit memory, as in various forms of amnesia, indicate that subjects can be influenced by memories that they cannot consciously remember. The explicit-implicit distinction has been extended to various other psychological domains, including perception ('subliminal' perception, inattentional blindness, and attentional blindness), learning, and thinking. In principle, it can also be extended beyond cognition to motivation and emotion. In each case, subjects show the influence of mental states of which they are not consciously aware
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