15 research outputs found
Determining the efficiency of optical sources using a smartphone's ambient light sensor
This work reports the use of a smartphoneâs ambient light sensor as a valuable
tool to study and characterize the efficiency of an optical source. Here, we
have measured both luminous efficacy and efficiency of several optical sources
(incandescent bulb and halogen lamp) as a function of the electric power
consumed and the distance to the optical detector. The illuminance of LEDs as
a function of the distance to the optical detector is characterized for different
wavelength emissions. Analysis of the results confirms an inverse-square law
of the illuminance with the detectorâsource distance and shows good agreement
with values obtained by classical experiments. This experience will
trigger awareness in students in terms of sustainability, light propagation and
efficiency of different optical sources.The authors would like to thank the Institute of Education Sciences, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), for the support of the teaching innovation groups MOMA and e-MACAFI, and the financial support of Project PIME-2015-B18. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of project EDU2015-69701-P by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund. J A Sans acknowledges Ramon y Cajal fellowship program for financial support.Sans-Tresserras, JĂ.; Gea Pinal, J.; GimĂ©nez ValentĂn, MH.; Esteve, AR.; Solbes, J.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2017). Determining the efficiency of optical sources using a smartphone's ambient light sensor. European Journal of Physics. 38(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa51a9S1938
Shower development of particles with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the CALICE scintillator-tungsten hadronic calorimeter
We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and
protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE
scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at
the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements
of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of
the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower
development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4
simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include
previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at
the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, 8 table
Pion and proton showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter
Showers produced by positive hadrons in the highly granular CALICE
scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter were studied. The experimental
data were collected at CERN and FNAL for single particles with initial momenta
from 10 to 80 GeV/c. The calorimeter response and resolution and spatial
characteristics of shower development for proton- and pion-induced showers for
test beam data and simulations using Geant4 version 9.6 are compared.Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, JINST style, changes in the author list, typos
corrected, new section added, figures regrouped. Accepted for publication in
JINS
Performance of the first prototype of the CALICE scintillator strip electromagnetic calorimeter
A first prototype of a scintillator strip-based electromagnetic calorimeter
was built, consisting of 26 layers of tungsten absorber plates interleaved with
planes of 45x10x3 mm3 plastic scintillator strips. Data were collected using a
positron test beam at DESY with momenta between 1 and 6 GeV/c. The prototype's
performance is presented in terms of the linearity and resolution of the energy
measurement. These results represent an important milestone in the development
of highly granular calorimeters using scintillator strip technology. This
technology is being developed for a future linear collider experiment, aiming
at the precise measurement of jet energies using particle flow techniques
The Time Structure of Hadronic Showers in highly granular Calorimeters with Tungsten and Steel Absorbers
The intrinsic time structure of hadronic showers influences the timing
capability and the required integration time of hadronic calorimeters in
particle physics experiments, and depends on the active medium and on the
absorber of the calorimeter. With the CALICE T3B experiment, a setup of 15
small plastic scintillator tiles read out with Silicon Photomultipliers, the
time structure of showers is measured on a statistical basis with high spatial
and temporal resolution in sampling calorimeters with tungsten and steel
absorbers. The results are compared to GEANT4 (version 9.4 patch 03)
simulations with different hadronic physics models. These comparisons
demonstrate the importance of using high precision treatment of low-energy
neutrons for tungsten absorbers, while an overall good agreement between data
and simulations for all considered models is observed for steel.Comment: 24 pages including author list, 9 figures, published in JINS
Hadron shower decomposition in the highly granular CALICE analogue hadron calorimeter
The spatial development of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel
analogue hadron calorimeter is studied using test beam data collected at CERN
and FNAL for single positive pions and protons with initial momenta in the
range from 10 to 80 GeV/c. Both longitudinal and radial development of hadron
showers are parametrised with two-component functions. The parametrisation is
fit to test beam data and simulations using the QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT physics
lists from Geant4 version 9.6. The parameters extracted from data and simulated
samples are compared for the two types of hadrons. The response to pions and
the ratio of the non-electromagnetic to the electromagnetic calorimeter
response, h/e, are estimated using the extrapolation and decomposition of the
longitudinal profiles.Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables; author list changed; submitted to
JINS
Technical design of the phase I Mu3e experiment
The Mu3e experiment aims to find or exclude the lepton flavour violating decay ÎŒâeee at branching fractions above 10â16. A first phase of the experiment using an existing beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is designed to reach a single event sensitivity of 2â
10â15. We present an overview of all aspects of the technical design and expected performance of the phase I Mu3e detector. The high rate of up to 108 muon decays per second and the low momenta of the decay electrons and positrons pose a unique set of challenges, which we tackle using an ultra thin tracking detector based on high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensors combined with scintillating fibres and tiles for precise timing measurements
Technical design of the phase I Mu3e experiment
The Mu3e experiment aims to find or exclude the lepton flavour violating
decay at branching fractions above . A first
phase of the experiment using an existing beamline at the Paul Scherrer
Institute (PSI) is designed to reach a single event sensitivity of . We present an overview of all aspects of the technical design and
expected performance of the phase~I Mu3e detector. The high rate of up to
muon decays per second and the low momenta of the decay electrons and
positrons pose a unique set of challenges, which we tackle using an ultra thin
tracking detector based on high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensors
combined with scintillating fibres and tiles for precise timing measurements.Comment: 114 pages, 185 figures. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods
A. Edited by Frank Meier Aeschbacher This version has many enhancements for
better readability and more detail
Design, construction and commissioning of a technological prototype of a highly granular SiPM-on-tile scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter
International audienceThe CALICE collaboration is developing highly granularelectromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for detectors at futureenergy frontier electron-positron colliders. After successful testsof a physics prototype, a technological prototype of the AnalogHadron Calorimeter has been built, based on a design andconstruction techniques scalable to a collider detector. Theprototype consists of a steel absorber structure and active layersof small scintillator tiles that are individually read out bydirectly coupled SiPMs. Each layer has an active area of72 à 72 cm^2 and a tile size of3 à 3 cm^2. With 38 active layers, the prototypehas nearly 22,000 readout channels, and its total thicknessamounts to 4.4 nuclear interaction lengths. The dedicated readoutelectronics provide time stamping of each hit with an expectedresolution of about 1 ns. The prototype was constructed in2017 and commissioned in beam tests at DESY. It recorded muons,hadron showers and electron showers at different energies in testbeams at CERN in 2018. In this paper, the design of the prototype,its construction and commissioning are described. The methods usedto calibrate the detector are detailed, and the performance achievedin terms of uniformity and stability is presented
Shower development of particles with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the CALICE scintillator-tungsten hadronic calorimeter
We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4 simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010