Antibacterial activity of cefoperazone metal complexes

Cefoperazone complexes with different metal ions of 1:1 metal to antibiotic stoichiometry have been prepared. The [M(cefopz)CI] complexes (M = Co, Cu and Cd) were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The solubility of the cefoperazone complexes in water and common organic solvents is reduced on complexation. All complexes show higher activity against Salmonella enteritidis. The Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes show better activity in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes against Shigella sonnei than cefoperazone sodium. The complexes showed to be less active than free cefoperazone against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.Cefoperazone complexes with different metal ions of 1:1 metal to antibiotic stoichiometry have been prepared. The [M(cefopz)Cl] complexes (M = Co, Cu and Cd) were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The solubility of the cefoperazone complexes in water and common organic solvents is reduced on complexation. All complexes show higher activity against Salmonella enteritidis. The Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes show better activity in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes against Shigella sonnei than cefoperazone sodium. The complexes showed to be less active than free cefoperazone against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Medición de impedancia eléctrica en tejido biológico – revisión

El siguiente trabajo presenta una revisión de las propiedades eléctricas de los tejidos biológicos. Los tópicos incluidos en el trabajo son el estudio, caracterización y técnicas de medición. Se aborda el tema de las propiedades de conductividad (σ) y permitividad (ε) eléctrica de los tejidos y los modelos creados para su estimación y aproximación. Se presentan las características de los elementos de medición, ventajas y desventajas de los diferentes métodos creados y sus aplicaciones. Se mencionan algunos de los tipos de señales más utilizadas en cuanto a corriente y frecuencia de aplicación. Finalmente se presentan algunas recomendaciones a tener en cuenta al momento de realizar mediciones in vivo, para disminuir los errores debido a las múltiples fuentes fisiológicas. Esta revisión permitió obtener los lineamientos y condiciones de un trabajo de medición de impedancia de fémur que se encuentra en desarrollo.This paper presents a review of the electrical properties of biological tissues regarding their study, characterization, and measurement techniques. Electrical conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε) property of tissues, and models developed for their estimation and approximation are mentioned. Measurement elements, advantages and disadvantages of different methods and their applications are presented. Some types of signals used in terms of current and frequency of application are described. Finally, some recommendations to consider for measurements in vivo to reduce errors produced by multiple physiological sources are done. This review permitted to obtain guidelines and conditions for impedance measurement work of femur, which one is doing

The Area of Pressure-Induced Referred Pain Is Dependent on the Intensity of the Suprathreshold Stimulus: An Explorative Study

Objective: To investigate the pain referral area (number of pixels) and extent (vector length) as elicited from increasing intensities of pressure-induced pain at the shoulder. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Clinical laboratory setting. Participants: Twenty-two healthy men and women participated in two experimental sessions. Methods: Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was induced in the dominant shoulder and assessed 24 hours later. Participants rated the level of DOMS on a 6-point Likert scale. Four different intensities (pressure pain threshold [PPT]+20%, PPT+30%, PPT+40%, and PPT+50%) were applied to the infraspinatus in a randomized, balanced fashion for 60 seconds from low to high intensity or vice versa. The resulting location, area, and extent of referred pain as drawn by the participants on a digital body chart were extracted and expressed in pixels. The extent of pain was defined as the vector length extending from the ipsilateral earlobe to the most distal location of the pain. Results: The referred pain area from PPT+20% was smaller than PPT+30%, PPT+40%, and PPT+50%. The extent of referred pain did not differ between the pressure pain intensities. Conclusions: Pressure intensity at PPT+30%, but no more, produces the greatest referred pain area as compared with the traditional pressure intensity of PPT+20%. Thus, the intensity of PPT+30% may be ideal for exploring the mechanisms of referred pain. The extent of the pain represents an independent expression of the intensity of the provoking stimulus and may be more closely related to the location of the stimulus

Genetic and phenotypic diversity characterization of natural populations of the parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae

Parasites exert important top-down control of their host populations. The host−parasite system formed by Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa) offers an opportunity to advance our knowledge of parasitism in planktonic communities. In this study, DNA extracted from 73 clonal strains of P. sinerae, from 10 different locations along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, was used to genetically characterize this parasitoid at the species level. All strains showed identical sequences of the small and large subunits and internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA, as well as of the β-tubulin genes. However, the phenotypical characterization showed variability in terms of host invasion, zoospore success, maturation time, half-maximal infection, and infection rate. This characterization grouped the strains within 3 phenotypic types distinguished by virulence traits. A particular virulence pattern could not be ascribed to host-cell bloom appearance or to the location or year of parasite-strain isolation; rather, some parasitoid strains from the same bloom significantly differed in their virulence traits. Identical markers such as ITS and β-tubulin genes of P. sinerae strains from different geographic areas and from different years precludes their use in assessing intra-specific diversity and could indicate a recent dispersion of this species.Versión del editor2,393

Cryptic Oral Microbiota: What Is Its Role as Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Periodontal Pathogens?

Q2Q2Periodontitis has been commonly linked to periodontopathogens categorized in Socransky’s microbial complexes; however, there is a lack of knowledge regarding “other microorganisms” or “cryptic microorganisms”, which are rarely thought of as significant oral pathogens and have been neither previously categorized nor connected to illnesses in the oral cavity. This study hypothesized that these cryptic microorganisms could contribute to the modulation of oral microbiota present in health or disease (periodontitis and/or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients). For this purpose, the presence and correlation among these cultivable cryptic oral microorganisms were identified, and their possible role in both conditions was determined. Data from oral samples of individuals with or without periodontitis and with or without OSA were obtained from a previous study. Demographic data, clinical oral characteristics, and genera and species of cultivable cryptic oral microorganisms identified by MALDI-TOF were recorded. The data from 75 participants were analyzed to determine the relative frequencies of cultivable cryptic microorganisms’ genera and species, and microbial clusters and correlations tests were performed. According to periodontal condition, dental-biofilminduced gingivitis in reduced periodontium and stage III periodontitis were found to have the highest diversity of cryptic microorganism species. Based on the experimental condition, these findings showed that there are genera related to disease conditions and others related to healthy conditions, with species that could be related to different chronic diseases being highlighted as periodontitis and OSA comorbidities. The cryptic microorganisms within the oral microbiota of patients with periodontitis and OSA are present as potential pathogens, promoting the development of dysbiotic microbiota and the occurrence of chronic diseases, which have been previously proposed to be common risk factors for periodontitis and OSA. Understanding the function of possible pathogens in the oral microbiota will require more research.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-7822https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5841-3014https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-8725https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-9341https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9242https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-9141https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-5429Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1N

Promoting FAIRness in marine data at Centro Nacional Instituto Español de Oceanografía

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography is responsible, among other aspects, for scienti c and technical advice for the Government's sheries policy as well as for the protection and sustainability of the marine environment. In this task, it generates a large amount of oceanographic data characterized by its spatial dispersion during acquisition as well as by its di erent typology. The purpose of both the National Oceanographic Data Center and the GIS team is to safeguard data and to disclose what data exists and where, how and when it has been acquired and, in addition, to provide access to that data through the collaboration with di erent international data infrastructures like EMODnet or SeaDataNet. To this end, the data and metadata are subjected to quality control and formatted for integration into a national Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This SDI has a GeoNetwork catalogue with ~ 1750 oceanographic campaigns, together with (meta)data and services that are continuously being revised and incorporated. All this with the ultimate goal of making the data increasingly FAIR

Humanized medium (h7H) allows long-term primary follicular thyroid cultures from human normal thyroid, benign neoplasm, and cancer

Mechanisms of thyroid physiology and cancer are principally studied in follicular cell lines. However, human thyroid cancer lines were found to be heavily contaminated by other sources, and only one supposedly normal-thyroid cell line, immortalized with SV40 antigen, is available. In primary culture, human follicular cultures lose their phenotype after passage. We hypothesized that the loss of the thyroid phenotype could be related to culture conditions in which human cells are grown in medium optimized for rodent culture, including hormones with marked differences in its affinity for the relevant rodent/human receptor.|The objective of the study was to define conditions that allow the proliferation of primary human follicular thyrocytes for many passages without losing phenotype.|Concentrations of hormones, transferrin, iodine, oligoelements, antioxidants, metabolites, and ethanol were adjusted within normal homeostatic human serum ranges. Single cultures were identified by short tandem repeats. Human-rodent interspecies contamination was assessed.|We defined an humanized 7 homeostatic additives medium enabling growth of human thyroid cultures for more than 20 passages maintaining thyrocyte phenotype. Thyrocytes proliferated and were grouped as follicle-like structures; expressed Na+/I- symporter, pendrin, cytokeratins, thyroglobulin, and thyroperoxidase showed iodine-uptake and secreted thyroglobulin and free T3. Using these conditions, we generated a bank of thyroid tumors in culture from normal thyroids, Grave's hyperplasias, benign neoplasms (goiter, adenomas), and carcinomas.|Using appropriate culture conditions is essential for phenotype maintenance in human thyrocytes. The bank of thyroid tumors in culture generated under humanized humanized 7 homeostatic additives culture conditions will provide a much-needed tool to compare similarly growing cells from normal vs pathological origins and thus to elucidate the molecular basis of thyroid disease.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIXunta de GaliciaFondo Social Europeo of the European Communit

Dinámica de la humedad de los combustibles y su relación con la ecología y el manejo de fuego en la región chaqueña occidental (Argentina) I: conceptos básicos

El fuego es un modelador de la mayoría de los ecosistemas vegetales del mundo, entre ellos, los correspondientes a la región chaqueña argentina donde asimismo ha sido usado ampliamente como una herramienta de manejo de la vegetación. Dada una fuente de ignición, para que un fuego pueda prosperar deben existir ciertas condiciones. Entre ellas, el contenido de humedad del combustible (CH) juega un rol fundamental ya que su magnitud influirá en la probabilidad de ignición, en el posterior comportamiento del fuego y en el impacto que éste tendrá sobre el ecosistema afectado. Existen diferencias entre el contenido de humedad de los combustibles vivos (CHCV) y el de los muertos (CHCM), debido a que el contenido del agua en cada uno de ellos responde a procesos distintos. Mientras que el CHCV responde a características propias de las especies como su fisiología y fenología, el CHCM varía de acuerdo a leyes físicas universales que regulan el intercambio de humedad entre ese combustible y el ambiente que lo rodea. Dada la relevancia que tiene CH, se han desarrollado diversos métodos y sistemas para medirlo, estimarlo, y/o poder predecirlo. Conocer su dinámica a lo largo del tiempo permite, además, determinar los períodos en los que el fuego es más propenso a ocurrir en cada ecosistema. Al presente, se han realizado estudios preliminares para algunas especies de la región chaqueña. Para el desarrollo de indicadores de peligro y modelos de comportamiento que permitan llevar a cabo quemas prescriptas con un mayor grado de seguridad y mejor cumplimiento de los objetivos, es necesario incrementar este conocimiento a un mayor número de especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, por lo tanto, ampliar la información existente, cuantificando la dinámica estacional del CH en diferentes especies nativas de gramíneas, arbustos y árboles de la región chaqueña. Además analizamos los efectos de la estación climática, el sitio ecológico y las características del combustible sobre el CH. En esta primera parte, presentamos las bases conceptuales sobre la combustión de los vegetales y su relación con el CH, las características que hacen a las diferencias entre combustibles vivos y muertos, los factores que inciden en sus respectivas dinámicas, y las metodologías que existen para su determinación. En los siguientes aportes se darán a conocer estas determinaciones en las principales especies de la región chaqueña argentina.Fire is one of the main natural disturbances that have shaped most of the world´s terrestrial ecosystems. In the Chaco region of Argentina, fire has also been used as a management tool for pastures improvement. Given an ignition source, for a fire to develop certain conditions must occur. Among them, the fuel moisture content (FMC) plays a very important role, since its values will affect the behavior of the fire and the consequences on the disturbed ecosystem. There are differences between live (LFMC) and dead (DFMC) fuel moisture content, mainly because the water content is governed by different processes. The LFMC depends on the species´physiological and phenological characteristics, while DFMC varies according to universal physical laws that regulate the moisture content exchange between the fuels and their environment. Given its relevance, several methods have been proposed to measure and predict FMC. Also, the knowledge of their dynamics along the seasons allows to determine the most critical periods for fire occurrence. Up to the present, preliminary studies of FMC have been determined for some species of the Chaco region. However, for developing protocols for the implementation of prescribed burning, it is necessary to broaden this knowledge to comprise a wider number of species. For the accomplishment of these objectives, we analyzed the influence of the climatic seasons, the ecological site, and the characteristics of the fuel on the FMC. In this first part, we present the conceptual bases dealing with vegetation combustion and its relations with FMC, the characterization of the differences between LFMC and DFMC, the factors controlling their respective dynamics, and the main methodologies used in their determination. In the following chapters, we will present the dynamics of FMC of the different key species of the Chaco region of Argentina.EEA Santiago del EsteroFil: Bianchi, L. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Sede Esquel; ArgentinaFil: Defossé, Guillermo E. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Sede Esquel; ArgentinaFil: Dentoni, María del Carmen. Plan Nacional de Manejo de Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Kunst, Carlos Roberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Roxana Ramona. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Bravo, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Cátedra de Botánica; Argentin