9 research outputs found
The First Report of Mycobacterium celatum Isolation from Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and an Overview of Human Infections in Slovenia
Mycobacterium celatum, a slowly growing potentially pathogenic mycobacterium first described in humans, is regarded as an uncommon cause of human infection, though capable of inducing invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. According to some reports, a serious disease due to M. celatum may also occur in individuals with no apparent immunodeficiency. In animals, an M. celatum-related disease has been described in three cases only: twice in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) and once in a white-tailed trogon (Trogon viridis). In this paper, we report the first detection of M. celatum in a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). A nation-wide overview of human M. celatum infections recorded in Slovenia between 2000 and 2010 is also given. Pulmonary disease due to M. celatum was recognized in one patient with a history of a preexisting lung disease
Seroprevalence of infectious pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance in wild ruminants from Slovenia
IntroductionWildlife represents an increasingly important source of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Surveillance in wildlife offers an insight on current epidemiological status of selected pathogens and help to prevent spillovers to humans and livestock.Material and methodsOur study included 312 wild ruminants belonging to five species: Roe deer (n = 134), red deer (n = 113), Alpine chamois (n = 53), European mouflon (n = 10) and Alpine ibex (n = 2). Seven pathogens that may have profound effect on human/livestock health and economic viability of the farms were tested using serological methods.ResultsAntibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Mycobacterium bovis were detected in 34.62% (108/312), 0.96% (3/312), 2.24% (7/312), 0, 0.96% (3/312), 0, 0.64% (2/312) of animals tested, respectively. Because of low prevalences, risk factors were assessed only for T. gondii. Sex (female>male) and species (roe deer>red deer, roe deer>Alpine chamois) were significantly associated with the T. gondii positive outcome, while age was not.DiscussionAdult males had the lowest T. gondii prevalence which offers future research opportunities. The lower seroprevalence of most investigated pathogens suggests game meat, if properly cooked, as being relatively safe for human consumption. This is the first study investigating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of selected pathogens in wild ruminants in Slovenia
A novel approach to fractional calculus: utilizing fractional integrals and derivatives of the Dirac delta function
While the definition of a fractional integral may be codified by Riemann and
Liouville, an agreed-upon fractional derivative has eluded discovery for many
years. This is likely a result of integral definitions including numerous
constants of integration in their results. An elimination of constants of
integration opens the door to an operator that reconciles all known fractional
derivatives and shows surprising results in areas unobserved before, including
the appearance of the Riemann Zeta Function and fractional Laplace and Fourier
Transforms. A new class of functions, known as Zero Functions and closely
related to the Dirac Delta Function, are necessary for one to perform
elementary operations of functions without using constants. The operator also
allows for a generalization of the Volterra integral equation, and provides a
method of solving for Riemann's "complimentary" function introduced during his
research on fractional derivatives
Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review : Western Europe
Background: Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are zoonotic parasites of public health importance. Data on their occurrence in humans and animals in western Europe are incomplete and fragmented. In this study, we aimed to update the current knowledge on the epidemiology of these parasites in this region. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of scientific and grey literature published from 1990 to 2015 on the epidemiology of T. saginata and T. solium in humans and animals. Additionally, data about disease occurrence were actively sought by contacting local experts in the different countries. Results: Taeniosis cases were found in twelve out of eighteen countries in western Europe. No cases were identified in Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. For Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and the UK, annual taeniosis cases were reported and the number of detected cases per year ranged between 1 and 114. Detected prevalences ranged from 0.05 to 0.27%, whereas estimated prevalences ranged from 0.02 to 0.67%. Most taeniosis cases were reported as Taenia spp. or T. saginata, although T. solium was reported in Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, Portugal and the UK. Human cysticercosis cases were reported in all western European countries except for Iceland, with the highest number originating from Portugal and Spain. Most human cysticercosis cases were suspected to have acquired the infection outside western Europe. Cases of T. solium in pigs were found in Austria and Portugal, but only the two cases from Portugal were confirmed with molecular methods. Germany, Spain and Slovenia reported porcine cysticercosis, but made no Taenia species distinction. Bovine cysticercosis was detected in all countries except for Iceland, with a prevalence based on meat inspection of 0.0002-7.82%. Conclusions: Detection and reporting of taeniosis in western Europe should be improved. The existence of T. solium tapeworm carriers, of suspected autochthonous cases of human cysticercosis and the lack of confirmation of porcine cysticercosis cases deserve further attention. Suspected cases of T. solium in pigs should be confirmed by molecular methods. Both taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be notifiable and surveillance in animals should be improved.Peer reviewe
Priporočila 7. razvojne skupine za procesno tehnologijo za povečanje konkurenčnosti Slovenije : strateški dokument 7. razvojne skupine za Procesno tehnologijo
Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: Part I, Western Europe.
Background: Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are zoonotic parasites of public health importance. Data on their
occurrence in humans and animals in western Europe are incomplete and fragmented. In this study, we aimed to
update the current knowledge on the epidemiology of these parasites in this region.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of scientific and grey literature published from 1990 to 2015 on the
epidemiology of T. saginata and T. solium in humans and animals. Additionally, data about disease occurrence were
actively sought by contacting local experts in the different countries.
Results: Taeniosis cases were found in twelve out of eighteen countries in western Europe. No cases were identified in
Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. For Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain
and the UK, annual taeniosis cases were reported and the number of detected cases per year ranged between 1 and
114. Detected prevalences ranged from 0.05 to 0.27%, whereas estimated prevalences ranged from 0.02 to 0.67%. Most
taeniosis cases were reported as Taenia spp. or T. saginata, although T. solium was reported in Denmark, France, Italy,
Spain, Slovenia, Portugal and the UK. Human cysticercosis cases were reported in all western European countries
except for Iceland, with the highest number originating from Portugal and Spain. Most human cysticercosis cases were
suspected to have acquired the infection outside western Europe. Cases of T. solium in pigs were found in Austria and
Portugal, but only the two cases from Portugal were confirmed with molecular methods. Germany, Spain and Slovenia
reported porcine cysticercosis, but made no Taenia species distinction. Bovine cysticercosis was detected in all
countries except for Iceland, with a prevalence based on meat inspection of 0.0002–7.82%.
Conclusions: Detection and reporting of taeniosis in western Europe should be improved. The existence of T. solium
tapeworm carriers, of suspected autochthonous cases of human cysticercosis and the lack of confirmation of porcine
cysticercosis cases deserve further attention. Suspected cases of T. solium in pigs should be confirmed by molecular
methods. Both taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be notifiable and surveillance in animals should be improved.CYSTINET: European Network on Taeniosis/Cysticercosi
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: Western Europe
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