Marginal Elites. Some Observations in Modern Romania and their Relevance to Prehistoric Hoards and Status Expression

Nach einem kurzen Überblick zur Romani-Geschichte in Rumänien werden einige moderne Beobachtungen beschrieben, insbesondere zur Ansammlung von Reichtum und dessen auffälliger Zurschaustellung in spezifischen Formen und bei bestimmten Gelegenheiten. Unter Betrachtung der modernen Situation von einem archäologischen Standpunkt wird festgestellt, dass die Elite, die wir ‚archäologisch‘ sehen würden, tatsächlich eine Elite ist (der Romani Bevölkerung), diese aber insgesamt eine marginalisierte und diskriminierte Minderheit sind. Die Frage wird gestellt, welche Elite wir eigentlich erkennen, wenn wir archäologisch von ‚fürstlichen‘ Gräbern sprechen, und es wird dazu aufgerufen die Möglichkeit multiethnischer/multikultureller Gemeinschaften in der Urgeschichte stärker in Betracht zu ziehen

Ein neuer Idoltyp aus Siidosteuropa

Two idols from the site of Livezile "La Izvoru Popii", judet Alba in Romania are analysed. They are made from the frontal part of a lower jaw (mandibula) with forward incisors (incisivi 1 right and 1 left) of a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). They are polished and perforated near the top. Thus, the perforations represent eyes and the incisors feet. This type of idol is so far unknown in the literature. It is concluded on the basis of the accompanying finds and the small number of analogies that the two idols belong to the end of the Copper Age or the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. They probably served as pendants or amulets, as is suggested by the holes. However, it is not clear whether or not they can be linked with burial ritual.Obravnavana sta dva idola iz najdišča Livezile "La Izvoru Popii", JudeJ Alba, Romunija. Izdelana sta iz sprednjega dela spodnje čeljustnice (mandibula) s prednjimi zobmi-sekalci (incisivi 1 desno in 1 levo) domače svinje (Sus scrofa domesticus). Sta zglajena in pri vrhu prevrtana. Tako predstavljajo predrte luknjice oči, zobje-sekalci pa noge. Tak tip idola iz literature doslej ni bil znan. Na osnovi spremnih najdb in maloštevilnih analogij sklepamo, da obravnavana idola sodita na konec bakrene ali začetek zgornje bronaste dobe. Verjetno sta služila kot obeska-amuleta, za kar govorita luknjici. Nejasno pa je, če ju smemo povezovati s pogrebnim ritualom

Lumière sur le “dark age” centrasiatique

Archéorient - le blogL’ ouvrage "A Millennium of History. The Iron Age in southern Central Asia" a été réalisé sous la direction de Johanna Lhuillier (Archéorient) et Nikolaus Boroffka (Deustches Archäologisches Institut) et coédité dans les collections “Archäologie in Iran und Turan” et “Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan” avec le soutien de la Fondation Alexander von Humboldt. Il regroupe 18 contributions présentées lors d’un colloque qui s’est tenu à Berlin en juin 2014. Paru en fin d’année 2018, cet ouvrage offre la première synthèse sur l’âge du Fer en Asie centrale et couvre plus de 1000 ans d’histoire entre la fin de la civilisation proto-urbaine de l’âge du Bronze et la conquête d’Alexandre le Grand

Analysis of the teaching of diagnostic imaging in the Spanish veterinary schools

Resúmenes IV Congreso VetDoc de Docencia Veterinaria, León 2017 (6-7 de Julio)[ES] Tras los cambios llevados a cabo en los planes de estudio y como resultado de la implantación del Plan Bolonia, el diagnóstico por imagen carece de una organización unificada, tanto en universidades de medicina europeas como americanas (Isherwood, 1993). El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar cómo se organiza la docencia del diagnóstico por imagen en las facultades de veterinaria españolas, identificando las características más importantes de cada plan de estudios

Control of wind strength and frequency in the Aral Sea basin during the late Holocene

Changing content of detrital input in laminated sediments traced by XRF scanning and microfacies analyses reflect prominent variations in sedimentation processes in the Aral Sea. A high-resolution record of titanium from a core retrieved in the northwestern Large Aral Sea allows a continuous reconstruction of wind strength and frequency in western Central Asia for the past 1500 yr. During AD 450-700, AD 1210-1265, AD 1350-1750 and AD 1800-1975, detrital inputs (bearing titanium) are high, documenting an enhanced early spring atmospheric circulation associated with an increase in intensity of the Siberian High pressure system over Central Asia. In contrast, lower titanium content during AD 1750-1800 and AD 1980-1985 reflects a diminished influence of the Siberian High during early spring with a reduced atmospheric circulation. A moderate circulation characterizes the time period AD 700-1150. Unprecedented weakened atmospheric circulation over western Central Asia are inferred during ca. AD 1180-1210 and AD 1265-1310 with a considerable decrease in dust storm frequency, sedimentation rates, lamination thickness and detrital inputs (screened at 40-μm resolution). Our results are concurrent with changes in the intensity of the Siberian High during the past 1400 yr as reported in the GISP2 Ice Core from Greenland. © 2007 University of Washington

Pietrele, Rumänien. Măgura Gorgana. Ein kupferzeit­licher Siedlungshügel. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2019 und 2021

During the ongoing archaeological work in Pietrele, Măgura Gorgana (jud. Giurgiu) in Romania, the lower layers of the Copper Age settlement mound were reached during the campaigns of the last years. The recorded features belong to the earliest occupation phase and represent the oldest remains of the settlement. Reaching these layers now makes it possible to record the development of the settlement without gaps and also to comprehensively assess the relationship between the tell settlement itself and the surrounding flat settlement. The integration of scientific studies on the ­reconstruction of the environment as well as archaeobotanical analyses of material from different areas of the settlement also provide information on the appearance of the landscape and shed light on the interactions between humans and the environment in the 5th millennium BCE

Clinical Features and Computed Tomography Findings Are Utilized to Characterize Retrobulbar Disease in Dogs

The objective of this study is to describe the clinical features and computed tomography (CT) findings of dogs with retrobulbar disease. There are two facets to this study: a retrospective case series in which findings of dogs with primary vs. secondary retrobulbar disease are described, and a retrospective cross-sectional study in which computed tomography findings of dogs with retrobulbar neoplasia vs. infection/inflammation are described and compared. The medical records of 66 client-owned dogs diagnosed with retrobulbar disease between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Clinical information including signalment, the specialty service to which the dog was presented, clinical signs, physical examination findings, diagnostic results, treatment, and outcome were documented. Diagnostic imaging and histopathology were reviewed. Forty-one dogs (62.1%) were diagnosed with primary disease of the retrobulbar space; 25 dogs (37.9%) were considered to have secondary retrobulbar disease. Of the 41 dogs with primary retrobulbar disease, 19 were diagnosed with neoplasia, 19 with infectious/inflammatory disease, and 3 suffered traumatic insult to the retrobulbar space. Of the 25 dogs with secondary retrobulbar disease, 21 were diagnosed with neoplasia, 3 with infectious/inflammatory disease, and 1 with a cyst. Dogs had a combination of ocular, oral, and/or nasal clinical signs. CT findings of orbital osteolysis, orbital periosteal reaction, and presence of a retrobulbar mass were significantly associated with neoplasia, while zygomatic salivary gland enlargement, retrobulbar mass effect, and mandibular lymphadenopathy were more often associated with infectious/inflammatory disease. CT findings overlap among different retrobulbar diseases, but new bone formation and lysis are more often associated with neoplasia. Disease originating from the retrobulbar space was equally likely to be infectious/inflammatory (n = 19) or neoplastic (n = 19), based on definitive diagnostic results of dogs with primary retrobulbar disease. Due to the clinical ramifications of these disorders, the diagnosis and treatment of these cases should be managed with a multi-specialty approach

Dry and Humid Periods Reconstructed from Tree Rings in the Former Territory of Sogdiana (Central Asia) and Their Socio-economic Consequences over the Last Millennium

One of the richest societies along the Silk Road developed in Sogdiana, located in present-day Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. This urban civilisation reached its greatest prosperity during the golden age of the Silk Road (sixth to ninth century ce). Rapid political and economic changes, accelerated by climatic variations, were observed during last millennium in this region. The newly developed tree-ring-based reconstruction of precipitation for the pastmillennium revealed a series of dry and wet stages. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), two dry periods occurred (900–1000 and 1200–1250), interrupted by a phase of wetter conditions. Distinct dry periods occurred around 1510–1650, 1750–1850, and 1920–1970, respectively. The juniper tree-ring record of moisture changes revealed that major dry and pluvial episodes were consistent with those indicated by hydroclimatic proxy data from adjacent areas. These climate fluctuations have had longand short term consequences for human history in the territory of former Sogdiana