Simulando um Sistema Imunológico de acordo com o Modelo da Cadeia de Abastecimento Alimentar

Several researches are being conducted in the area of Artificial Immune Systems, motivated by the necessity for discoveries of cures or treatments for immunologic diseases. Living organisms presents in the Immune System have synergetic or antagonistic associations such that the extinction of a specie can cause serious and irreversible impact on ecological balance. These rela- tionships constitute the predator-prey model, which can be organized by food supply chain model, allowing it to develop a simulator that measures the func- tionality of a vaccine within an organism

Harmonising and integrating existing exposure factors systems world-wide: feasibility study report

Eight world-wide available exposure factors systems have been selected including the ExpoFacts database that we manage. They include USA, Canada, Australia, China, Japan and Korea in addition to Germany. They are analysed across their commonalities and differences with ultimate objective to identify the potential for harmonisation, interoperability and integration. The cross-analysis is based on 20 criteria that have been grouped into five categories: project management, design & architecture, data content, data quality and data values types & usage. The selected criteria are mainly extracted from the WHO-IPCS harmonisation project on uncertainty and data quality in exposure assessment and then adapted to better fit the purpose of this analysis. The main conclusions and recommendations have resulted from the comparison and the relative analysis.JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testin

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms

We herein present an overview of the upcoming 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours focussing on lymphoid neoplasms. Myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms will be presented in a separate accompanying article. Besides listing the entities of the classification, we highlight and explain changes from the revised 4th edition. These include reorganization of entities by a hierarchical system as is adopted throughout the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumours of all organ systems, modification of nomenclature for some entities, revision of diagnostic criteria or subtypes, deletion of certain entities, and introduction of new entities, as well as inclusion of tumour-like lesions, mesenchymal lesions specific to lymph node and spleen, and germline predisposition syndromes associated with the lymphoid neoplasms

Specular microscopy of the different regions of the cornea in enucleated swine eyes - ex vivo evaluation

The objective of this study was to determine the endothelial cell density (ECD) and hexagonality of the cornea in the different regions of healthy swine corneal endothelium using specular microscopy. Twenty-four eyeballs from 12 male, 6-month-old Large White pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) were studied. Contact specular microscopy was performed in the central, superior, inferior, lateral and medial regions. The corneal parameters analysed in this study were ECD and hexagonality. The ECD in the central region was 1865 cells/mm²; in the upper region, it was 1877 cells/mm², in the lower region, it was 1854 cells/mm², in the lateral region, it was 1847 cells/mm², in the medial region, it was 1831 cells/mm². Hexagonality in the central region, was 53%; in the upper region, it was 54%, in the lower region, it was 54%, in the lateral region, it was 54%, in the medial region, it was 54%. There was no significant difference regarding to the evaluated parameters in all corneal regions evaluated. No statistically significantly differences were observed in ECD and hexagonality between the left and the right eyes. This study demonstrates that ECD and hexagonality of the central cornea area represent the entire endothelial mosaic. Keywords: cornea; endothelium; morphology; cell count, swine

a clinical perspective

This article was funded by the project NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000018, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Programme (Norte2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/ BIM/04293/2013].Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), modified casein glycomacropeptide supplements (CGMP-AA) are used as an alternative to the traditional phenylalanine (Phe)-free L-amino acid supplements (L-AA). However, studies focusing on the long-term nutritional status of CGMP-AA are lacking. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term impact of CGMP-AA over a mean of 29 months in 11 patients with a mean age at CGMP-AA onset of 28 years (range 15–43) [8 females; 2 hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA), 3 mild PKU, 3 classical PKU and 3 late-diagnosed]. Outcome measures included metabolic control, anthropometry, body composition and biochemical parameters. Results: CGMP-AA, providing 66% of protein equivalent intake from protein substitute, was associated with no significant change in blood Phe with CGMP-AA compared with baseline (562 ± 289 µmol/L vs 628 ± 317 µmol/L; p = 0.065). In contrast, blood tyrosine significantly increased on CGMP-AA (52.0 ± 19.2 μmol/L vs 61.4 ± 23.8 μmol/L; p = 0.027). Conclusions: Biochemical nutritional markers remained unchanged which is an encouraging finding in adults with PKU, many of whom are unable to maintain full adherence with nutritionally fortified protein substitutes. Longitudinal, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to fully understand the metabolic impact of using CGMP-AA in PKU.publishersversionpublishe

Fatores associados à qualidade de vida percebida em adultos mais velhos: ELSI-Brasil

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados à qualidade de vida percebida em amostra nacional representativa da população com 50 anos ou mais. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados de 7.651 participantes da linha de base do ELSI-Brasil, conduzida entre 2015 e 2016. A qualidade de vida percebida foi aferida pela escala CASP-19, considerando-se como boa qualidade de vida percebida o tercil mais alto. As variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, mobilidade, solidão, redes sociais, apoio social e participação social. As associações foram testadas por meio de regressão de Poisson multivariada. RESULTADOS: A melhor qualidade de vida percebida apresentou associação positiva e independente com a frequência de encontros com amigos (RP = 1,25 para pelo menos uma vez a cada 2–3 meses e RP = 1,36 para pelo menos uma vez por semana), suporte instrumental dentro de casa, de cônjuge ou companheiro (RP = 1,69) e suporte emocional de outros parentes (RP = 1,45), de filho, nora ou genro (RP = 1,41) e do cônjuge ou companheiro(a) (RP = 1,33). Associações negativas foram observadas para idade igual ou superior a 80 anos (RP = 0,77), escolaridade igual a 4–7 e 8 anos ou mais (RP = 0,78 e 0,75, respectivamente) e dificuldade na mobilidade (RP = 0,83). CONCLUSÕES: Além da idade e da escolaridade, a mobilidade, a sociabilidade e o suporte instrumental e emocional estão associados à qualidade de vida percebida entre adultos mais velhos brasileiros. Essas características devem ser consideradas nas ações visando à promoção da qualidade de vida dessa população.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with perceived quality of life in a representative national sample of the population aged 50 or over. METHODS: Data from 7,651 participants of the baseline ELSI-Brazil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), conducted between 2015 and 2016, were used. The perceived quality of life was measured by the CASP-19 scale - (CASP - control, autonomy, self-fulfillment and pleasure), considering the highest tertile as good quality of life. The independent variables included socio-demographic characteristics, mobility, loneliness, and indicators of sociability (social network, social support and social participation). The associations were tested using multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS: The best perceived quality of life showed a positive and independent association with the frequency of contacts with friends (PR = 1.25 for at least once every 2–3 months and PR = 1.36 for at least once a week), instrumental support from spouse or partner in the household (PR = 1.69), and emotional support from other relatives (PR = 1.45), children or children in law (PR = 1.41) and spouse or partner (PR = 1.33). Negative associations were observed for participants aged 80 and over (RP = 0.77), with 4 to 7 or 8 or more years of schooling (PR = 0.78 and 0.75, respectively) and with difficulty in mobility (PR = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to age and schooling, mobility, sociability and instrumental and emotional support are associated with perceived quality of life among older Brazilian adults. These characteristics must be considered when actions are taken, aiming to promote quality of life in this population

Síndrome de encefalopatia posterior reversível associada à síndrome respiratória aguda grave pelo coronavírus 2 (SARS-COV-2): Uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2): A systematic review of the literature

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome da Encefalopatia Posterior Reversível (SEPR) é uma síndrome clínica aguda que pode incluir cefaleia, alteração da consciência, distúrbios visuais, convulsões e tem a neuroimagem como instrumento fundamental para o diagnóstico, evidenciando o edema vasogênico na substância branca de partes posteriores. Com o surgimento do SARS-Cov-2 percebeu-se que este vírus causa uma disfunção no endotélio e pode contribuir para o surgimento de uma complicação por infecção grave, a SEPR. OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a associação da infecção COVID-19 com a SEPR. MÉTODOS: A seleção dos artigos foi realizada através das bases de dados Pubmed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e IBECS (Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde). Selecionaram-se os artigos publicados até a data de 22 de janeiro de 2021. aplicou-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão e por fim, 24 artigos foram revisados. RESULTADOS: Alguns autores consideram que o desenvolvimento da SEPR está ligado ao aumento nos níveis pressóricos, insuficiência renal e a atuação do próprio vírus nos receptores da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2, o que poderia enfraquecer a barreira hematoencefálica (BE) e ser um dos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da Síndrome. Outros autores dizem que a liberação maciça de citocinas inflamatórias pode danificar a BE e pode ser um mecanismo que explique o desenvolvimento da SEPR.  Nos exames de imagens, notou-se edema vasogênico e hemorragias multifocais, sendo a endotelite linfocítica um achado post-mortem. Outros sintomas comuns apresentados foram a tontura, sonolência, visão turva, hipotonia de membros inferiores, pressão arterial variável e, em alguns casos, convulsões tônico-clônicas. Dentre os fatores de riscos para SEPR, notou-se que a infecção por HIV, hipertensão descontrolada e a falência renal cursaram com o desenvolvimento da SEPR. Naqueles pacientes tratados com hidroxicloroquina, os autores relataram que o medicamento pode estar envolvido na indução da SEPR. CONCLUSÃO: A SEPR, uma síndrome clínico-radiológica, caracterizada pelo seu início agudo e subagudo de cefaleias. Relacionou-se o seu desenvolvimento com a cascata de citocinas e a atuação do vírus nos receptores de angiotensina 2 que enfraqueceriam a BE e culminariam na síndrome, principalmente em pacientes graves. As hemorragias e o edema vasogênico foram os principais achados de imagem. Até o momento, os relatórios utilizados priorizam especialmente sintomas respiratórios, subestimando a quantidade de sequelas neurológicas advindas da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Espera-se assim, que mais estudos sejam realizados com a temática em questão para elucidar as relações existentes entre a infecção e a SEPR

Correction. "The 5th edition of The World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms" Leukemia. 2022 Jul;36(7):1720-1748

We herein present an overview of the upcoming 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours focussing on lymphoid neoplasms. Myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms will be presented in a separate accompanying article. Besides listing the entities of the classification, we highlight and explain changes from the revised 4th edition. These include reorganization of entities by a hierarchical system as is adopted throughout the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumours of all organ systems, modification of nomenclature for some entities, revision of diagnostic criteria or subtypes, deletion of certain entities, and introduction of new entities, as well as inclusion of tumour-like lesions, mesenchymal lesions specific to lymph node and spleen, and germline predisposition syndromes associated with the lymphoid neoplasms

Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 O'Toole Á et al.Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.Peer reviewe