Propagation of a short laser pulse in a plasma

The propagation of an electromagnetic pulse in a plasma is studied for pulse durations that are comparable to the plasma period. When the carrier frequency of the incident pulse is much higher than the plasma frequency, the pulse propagates without distortion at its group speed. When the carrier frequency is comparable to the plasma frequency, the pulse is distorted and leaves behind it an electromagnetic wake.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, REVTeX. To be published in Physical Review E, vol. 56, December 1, 199

Editorial: At the Crossroads: Lessons and Challenges in Computational Social Science

The interest of physicists in economic and social questions is not new: during the last decades, we have witnessed the emergence of what is formally called nowadays sociophysics [1] and econophysics [2] that can be grouped into the common term “Interdisciplinary Physics” along with biophysics, medical physics, agrophysics, etc. With tools borrowed from statistical physics and complexity science, among others, these areas of study have already made important contributions to our understanding of how humans organize and interact in our modern society. Large scale data analyses, agent-based modeling and numerical simulations, and finally mathematical modeling, have led to the discovery of new (universal) patterns and their quantitative description in socio-economic systems..

Evidence of a new state in 11^{11}Be observed in the 11^{11}Li β\beta-decay

Coincidences between charged particles emitted in the $\beta$-decay of $^{11}$Li were observed using highly segmented detectors. The breakup channels involving three particles were studied in full kinematics allowing for the reconstruction of the excitation energy of the $^{11}$Be states participating in the decay. In particular, the contribution of a previously unobserved state at 16.3 MeV in $^{11}$Be has been identified selecting the $\alpha$ + $^7$He$\to\alpha$ + $^6$He+n channel. The angular correlations between the $\alpha$ particle and the center of mass of the $^6$He+n system favors spin and parity assignment of 3/2$^-$ for this state as well as for the previously known state at 18 MeV.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLICLAZIDE NANOSPONGES

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize an optimal stable nanosponges of Gliclazide (GLZ) by using the emulsion solvent diffusion method and aimed to increase its bioavailability and release the drug in sustained and controlled manner. Methods: The GLZ nanosponge was prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using different drug-polymer ratios (1:1 to 1:5) Eudragit S100 is used as a polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) estimated the compatibility of GLZ with polymer. All formulations evaluated for production yield, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stability studies. Results: The DSC and FTIR Studies revealed that no interaction between drug and polymer. The Production yield of all batches in the range of 73.8±0.30 to 85.6±0.32. Batch F3 showed the highest production yield, the entrapment efficiency of batch F3 70.6±0.77. The average particle size ranges from 303±2.36 to 680±2.50 nm. By the end of 10th hour F3 formulation shown highest drug release was found to be 94.40±1.12%. The release kinetics of the optimized formulation shows zero-order drug release. The stability study indicates no significant change in the in vitro dissolution profile of optimized formulation. Conclusion: The results of various evaluation parameters, revealed that GLZ nanosponges would be possible alternative delivery systems to conventional formulation to improve its bioavailability, the emulsion solvent diffusion method is best method for preparation of nanosponges and release the drug in sustained and controlled manner

Percepción del pueblo miskitu de los litorales, concerniente a la concesión petrolera en el caribe norte de Nicaragua

El propósito del estudio se basó en la descripción de la visión propia de los habitantes de las comunidades indígenas de los Litorales del Caribe Norte nicaragüense, sobre los contratos de las concesiones de exploración y explotación que las Autoridades Regionales Autónomos y el Gobierno de Nicaragua otorgara a empresas especializadas para explorar mar afuera, que involucran territorios indígenas

Systematic trends in beta-delayed particle emitting nuclei: The case of beta-p-alpha emission from 21Mg

We have observed beta+-delayed alpha and p-alpha emission from the proton-rich nucleus 21Mg produced at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The assignments were cross-checked with a time distribution analysis. This is the third identified case of beta-p-alpha emission. We discuss the systematic of beta-delayed particle emission decays, show that our observed decays fit naturally into the existing pattern, and argue that the patterns are to a large extent caused by odd-even effects.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Nuclear structure of Ac-231

The low-energy structure of 231Ac has been investigated by means of gamma ray spectroscopy following the beta-decay of 231Ra. Multipolarities of 28 transitions have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a mini-orange electron spectrometer. The decay scheme of 231Ra --> 231Ac has been constructed for the first time. The Advanced Time Delayed beta-gamma-gamma(t) method has been used to measure the half-lives of five levels. The moderately fast B(E1) transition rates derived suggest that the octupole effects, albeit weak, are still present in this exotic nucleus

Study of bound states in 12Be through low-energy 11Be(d,p)-transfer reactions

The bound states of 12Be have been studied through a 11Be(d,p)12Be transfer reaction experiment in inverse kinematics. A 2.8 MeV/u beam of 11Be was produced using the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. The outgoing protons were detected with the T-REX silicon detector array. The MINIBALL germanium array was used to detect gamma rays from the excited states in 12Be. The gamma-ray detection enabled a clear identification of the four known bound states in 12Be, and each of the states has been studied individually. Differential cross sections over a large angular range have been extracted. Spectroscopic factors for each of the states have been determined from DWBA calculations and have been compared to previous experimental and theoretical results

Modeling Abnormal Priming in Alzheimer's Patients with a Free Association Network

Alzheimer's Disease irremediably alters the proficiency of word search and retrieval processes even at its early stages. Such disruption can sometimes be paradoxical in specific language tasks, for example semantic priming. Here we focus in the striking side-effect of hyperpriming in Alzheimer's Disease patients, which has been well-established in the literature for a long time. Previous studies have evidenced that modern network theory can become a powerful complementary tool to gain insight in cognitive phenomena. Here, we first show that network modeling is an appropriate approach to account for semantic priming in normal subjects. Then we turn to priming in degraded cognition: hyperpriming can be readily understood in the scope of a progressive degradation of the semantic network structure. We compare our simulation results with previous empirical observations in diseased patients finding a qualitative agreement. The network approach presented here can be used to accommodate current theories about impaired cognition, and towards a better understanding of lexical organization in healthy and diseased patients

CEPA: A LaBr3(Ce)/LaCl3(Ce) phoswich array for simultaneous detection of protons and gamma radiation emitted in reactions at relativistic energies

4 pags.; 3 figs. ; this is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0This work was supported by the Spanish CICYT under the project numbers FPA2009-07387 andFPA2012-32443. J. Sánchez del Río thanks the ERANET NUPNET for the financial support via theproject GANAS.Peer Reviewe