Torsion dystonia and Parkinson's syndrome

Four cases of torsion dystonia of the spasmodic torticollis type associated to Parkinson's syndrome are reported. All the patients were female and the ages at the begining of the parkinsonism and the dystonic syndrome varied respectively from 12 to 40 and from 18 to 40 years. In just one patient the dystonia preceded the parkinsonism. The Parkinson's syndrome was predominantly unilateral and hypertonic. The encephalitic etiology was suggested in all the cases.Os autores relatam 4 casos de distonia de torsão, do tipo torcicolo espasmódico, associada a síndrome parkinsoniana. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo feminino e as idades de início da síndrome parkinsoniana e da síndrome distônica variaram de 12 a 40 anos e de 18 a 40 anos, respectivamente. Em apenas uma paciente a distonia precedeu ao parkinsonismo. A síndrome parkinsoniana era predominantemente unilateral e hipertônica. A etiologia encefalítica foi a aventada em todos os casos.Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Neurologia e NeurocirurgiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Neurologia e NeurocirurgiaSciEL

Competencias emocionales y curriculum en Educación Infantil

La inteligencia emocional es un término que va cobrando cada vez más relevancia en el ámbito de la educación. Eso hace con que se convierta en un objeto de estudio de muchos, debido a que es considerada como un factor influyente en el desarrollo de la vida de las personas. Es por ello, que debe ser inculcada desde edades tempranas, aquellas que se comprenden en la etapa de Educación Infantil. La inteligencia emocional debe de ser introducida de igual forma que las demás inteligencias, para de esta forma lograr un óptimo e íntegro desarrollo de los más pequeños. La necesidad de ser inculcado desde edades tempranas se debe a que si se desarrolla desde entonces se podrá alcanzar mejores resultados en la vida social del niño, de igual forma, adquirirá las habilidades necesarias para hacer frente a sus problemas, además, se trata de una etapa ideal para llevarlo a cabo, puesto que las emociones y sentimientos surgen gracias a experiencias nuevas que van apareciendo y cuyo camino les lleva a una educación basada en la emocionalidad como parte fundamental e indispensable del desarrollo cognitivo del niño. Por tanto, la labor del docente es comprender su necesidad, y llevar al aula la educación emocional y alcanzar los objetivos que comprendan una educación moral en valores

Distonia de torsão e síndrome parkinsoniana Torsion dystonia and Parkinson's syndrome

Os autores relatam 4 casos de distonia de torsão, do tipo torcicolo espasmódico, associada a síndrome parkinsoniana. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo feminino e as idades de início da síndrome parkinsoniana e da síndrome distônica variaram de 12 a 40 anos e de 18 a 40 anos, respectivamente. Em apenas uma paciente a distonia precedeu ao parkinsonismo. A síndrome parkinsoniana era predominantemente unilateral e hipertônica. A etiologia encefalítica foi a aventada em todos os casos.<br>Four cases of torsion dystonia of the spasmodic torticollis type associated to Parkinson's syndrome are reported. All the patients were female and the ages at the begining of the parkinsonism and the dystonic syndrome varied respectively from 12 to 40 and from 18 to 40 years. In just one patient the dystonia preceded the parkinsonism. The Parkinson's syndrome was predominantly unilateral and hypertonic. The encephalitic etiology was suggested in all the cases

Plant responses to stresses: role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection

When plants are exposed to stressful environmental conditions, the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) increases and can cause significant damage to the cells. Antioxidant defenses, which can detoxify ROS, are present in plants. A major hydrogen peroxide detoxifying system in plant cells is the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, in which, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes play a key role catalyzing the conversion of H2O2 into H2O, using ascorbate as a specific electron donor. Different APX isoforms are present in distinct subcellular compartments, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisome, and cytosol. The expression of APX genes is regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as during plant development. The APX responses are directly involved in the protection of plant cells against adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, mutant plants APX genes showed alterations in growth, physiology and antioxidant metabolism revealing those enzymes involvement in the normal plant development