1,800 research outputs found
A Neural Network Gravitational Arc Finder based on the Mediatrix filamentation Method
Automated arc detection methods are needed to scan the ongoing and
next-generation wide-field imaging surveys, which are expected to contain
thousands of strong lensing systems. Arc finders are also required for a
quantitative comparison between predictions and observations of arc abundance.
Several algorithms have been proposed to this end, but machine learning methods
have remained as a relatively unexplored step in the arc finding process. In
this work we introduce a new arc finder based on pattern recognition, which
uses a set of morphological measurements derived from the Mediatrix
Filamentation Method as entries to an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We show
a full example of the application of the arc finder, first training and
validating the ANN on simulated arcs and then applying the code on four Hubble
Space Telescope (HST) images of strong lensing systems. The simulated arcs use
simple prescriptions for the lens and the source, while mimicking HST
observational conditions. We also consider a sample of objects from HST images
with no arcs in the training of the ANN classification. We use the training and
validation process to determine a suitable set of ANN configurations, including
the combination of inputs from the Mediatrix method, so as to maximize the
completeness while keeping the false positives low. In the simulations the
method was able to achieve a completeness of about 90% with respect to the arcs
that are input to the ANN after a preselection. However, this completeness
drops to 70% on the HST images. The false detections are of the order of
3% of the objects detected in these images. The combination of Mediatrix
measurements with an ANN is a promising tool for the pattern recognition phase
of arc finding. More realistic simulations and a larger set of real systems are
needed for a better training and assessment of the efficiency of the method.Comment: Updated to match published versio
Non-Relativistic Superstring Theories
We construct a supersymmetric version of the ``critical'' non-relativistic
bosonic string theory\cite{Kim:2007hb} with its manifest global symmetry. We
introduce the anticommuting CFT which is the super partner of the
CFT. The conformal weights of the and fields are both
1/2. The action of the fermionic sector can be transformed into that of the
relativistic superstring theory. We explicitly quantize the theory with
manifest SO(8) symmetry and find that the spectrum is similar to that of Type
IIB superstring theory. There is one notable difference: the fermions are
non-chiral. We further consider ``noncritical'' generalizations of the
supersymmetric theory using the superspace formulation. There is an infinite
range of possible string theories similar to the supercritical string theories.
We comment on the connection between the critical non-relativistic string
theory and the lightlike Linear Dilaton theory.Comment: Typos corrected, references added. A version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Supergiant Barocaloric Effects in Acetoxy Silicone Rubber over a Wide Temperature Range: Great Potential for Solid-state Cooling
Solid-state cooling based on caloric effects is considered a viable
alternative to replace the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration
systems. Regarding barocaloric materials, recent results show that elastomers
are promising candidates for cooling applications around room-temperature. In
the present paper, we report supergiant barocaloric effects observed in acetoxy
silicone rubber - a very popular, low-cost and environmentally friendly
elastomer. Huge values of adiabatic temperature change and reversible
isothermal entropy change were obtained upon moderate applied pressures and
relatively low strains. These huge barocaloric changes are associated both to
the polymer chains rearrangements induced by confined compression and to the
first-order structural transition. The results are comparable to the best
barocaloric materials reported so far, opening encouraging prospects for the
application of elastomers in near future solid-state cooling devices.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 table
A hybrid finite element approach to modeling sound radiation from circular and rectangular ducts
This is the post-print version of the Article - Copyright @ 2012 Acoustical Society of AmericaA numerical model based on a hybrid finite element method is developed that seeks to join sound pressure fields in interior and exterior regions. The hybrid method is applied to the analysis of sound radiation from open pipes, or ducts, and uses mode matching to couple a finite element discretization of the region surrounding the open end of the duct to wave based modal expansions for adjoining interior and exterior regions. The hybrid method facilitates the analysis of ducts of arbitrary but uniform cross section as well the study of conical flanges and here a modal expansion based on spherical harmonics is applied. Predictions are benchmarked against analytic solutions for the limiting cases of flanged and unflanged circular ducts and excellent agreement between the two methods is observed. Predictions are also presented for flanged and unflanged rectangular ducts, and because the hybrid method retains the sparse banded and symmetric matrices of the traditional finite element method, it is shown that predictions can be obtained within an acceptable time frame even for a three dimensional problem.This study is supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Phase distortions of attosecond pulses produced by resonance-enhanced high harmonic generation
Resonant enhancement of high harmonic generation can be obtained in plasmas
containing ions with strong radiative transitions resonant with harmonic
orders. The mechanism for this enhancement is still debated. We perform the
first temporal characterization of the attosecond emission from a tin plasma
under near-resonant conditions for two different resonance detunings. We show
that the resonance considerably changes the relative phase of neighbouring
harmonics. For very small detunings, their phase locking may even be lost,
evidencing strong phase distortions in the emission process and a modified
attosecond structure. These features are well reproduced by our simulations,
allowing their interpretation in terms of the phase of the recombination dipole
moment
Penning trap mass measurements on (99-109)$Cd with ISOLTRAP and implications on the rp process
Penning trap mass measurements on neutron-deficient Cd isotopes (99-109)Cd
have been performed with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer at ISOLDE/CERN, all
with relative mass uncertainties below 3*10^8. A new mass evaluation has been
performed. The mass of 99Cd has been determined for the first time which
extends the region of accurately known mass values towards the doubly magic
nucleus 100Sn. The implication of the results on the reaction path of the rp
process in stellar X-ray bursts is discussed. In particular, the uncertainty of
the abundance and the overproduction created by the rp-process for the mass A =
99 is demonstrated by reducing the uncertainty of the proton-separation energy
of 100In Sp(100In) by a factor of 2.5.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Massless and Massive Three Dimensional Super Yang-Mills Theory and Mini-Twistor String Theory
We propose various ways of adding mass terms to three-dimensional twistor
string theory. We begin with a review of mini-twistor space--the reduction of
D=4 twistor space to D=3. We adapt the two proposals for twistor string theory,
Witten's and Berkovits's, to D=3 super Yang-Mills theory. In Berkovits's model,
we identify the enhanced R-symmetry. We then construct B-model topological
string theories that, we propose, correspond to D=3 Yang-Mills theory with
massive spinors and massive and massless scalars in the adjoint representation
of the gauge group. We also analyze the counterparts of these constructions in
Berkovits's model. Some of our constructions can be lifted to D=4, where
infinitesimal mass terms correspond to VEVs of certain superconformal gravity
fields.Comment: 69 pages; Typos correcte
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