INTERAKSI SOSIAL DALAM PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK KURIKULUM 2013 (Studi Kasus di SMA Kristen Pelita Kasih Makassar)

Pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik merupakan salah satu syarat pelaksanaan Kurikulum Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Tahun 2013 (K-13) yang telah ditetapkan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Pendekatan saintifik pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan peran aktif siswa dan kemampuan guru sebagai fasilitator di dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan perspektif Teori Konstruksi Sosial Bergerian, bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui aspek interaksi sosial di dalam proses internalisasi, eksternalisasi, dan obyektifikasi pendekatan saintifik K-13 di SMA Kristen Pelita Kasih; (2) mengetahui faktor penunjang dan penghambat interaksi sosial di dalam pengkonstruksian K-13; dan (3) merumuskan cara untuk mempercepat proses pengkonstruksian K-13. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terjadi interaksi sosial yang intens di dalam proses pengkonstruksian pendekatan saintifik K-13 di SMA Kristen Pelita Kasih; (2) telah diidentifikasi beberapa faktor penunjang dan faktor penghambat; (3) upaya untuk mempercepat proses pengkonstruksian K13 di antaranya dengan cara peningkatan kemampuan guru sebagai fasilitator dan penyusunan ulang komposisi materi pelajaran berdasarkan cakupan dan tingkat kesulitannya

Insecticide Sensitivity of Native Chloride and Sodium Channels in a Mosquito Cell Line

The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of cultured Anopheles gambiae Sua1B cells for insecticide screening applications without genetic engineering or other treatments. Sua1B cells were exposed to the known insecticidal compounds lindane and DIDS, which inhibited cell growth at micromolar concentrations. In patch clamp studies, DIDS produced partial inhibition (69%) of chloride current amplitudes, and an IC50 of 5.1 μM was determined for Sua1B cells. A sub-set of chloride currents showed no response to DIDS; however, inhibition (64%) of these currents was achieved using a low chloride saline solution, confirming their identity as chloride channels. In contrast, lindane increased chloride current amplitude (EC50 = 116 nM), which was reversed when cells were bathed in calcium-free extracellular solution. Voltage-sensitive chloride channels were also inhibited by the presence of fenvalerate, a type 2 pyrethroid, but not significantly blocked by type 1 allethrin, an effect not previously shown in insects. Although no evidence of fast inward currents typical of sodium channels was observed, studies with fenvalerate in combination with veratridine, a sodium channel activator, revealed complete inhibition of cell growth that was best fit by a two-site binding model. The high potency effect was completely inhibited in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a specific sodium channel blocker, suggesting the presence of some type of sodium channel. Thus, Sua1B cells express native insect ion channels with potential utility for insecticide screening

A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 4-(5-SUBSTITUTED AMINOMETHYL)-1H-TETRAZOL-1-YL) BENZONITRILES

Objective: Synthesis of novel 4-(5-substituted amino methyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)benzonitriles from p-aminobenzonitrile Methods: A series of novel 4-(5-substituted amino methyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)benzonitriles 6(a-f) were prepared starting from p-aminobenzonitrile 1which is protected with acetoxyacetylchloride, and followed by tetrazole formation with CH3SiN3 in DIAD/TPP conditions to form the 1-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) methyl acetate 3. This compound was hydrolyzed, followed by chlorination and treated with different amines to produce the title compounds. Results: All structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectral studies, and elemental analyses. Conclusion: We developed a simple and efficient method for the preparation of 4-(5-substituted amino methyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)benzonitriles form p-aminobenzonitrile through protection, tetrazole formation, hydrolysis, chlorination and amination as key steps with good yields and this method is highly useful for the synthesis of biologically potent highly substituted tetrazole derivatives

Efficacy of partial treatment of wheat with spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) adults

The efficacy of partial treatment of wheat with spinosad against adults of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), was evaluated by mixing spinosad-treated and untreated wheat kernels in varying proportions. Spinosad was applied to wheat kernels either by dipping in 1 mg (a.i.) mlˉ¹ spinosad solution for 1 minute or admixed with dry and liquid spinsoad formulations at 0.1 and the labeled rate of 1 mg (a.i.) kgˉ¹ of wheat. In the kernel dipping method, the percentage of kernels treated was increased from 10 to 100 in 10% increments, while keeping the total number of kernels at either 10 or 100. The mortality of introduced adults in independent samples was observed over time at 1 to 209 h post-infestation. In the admixture method, the percentage of spinosad-treated wheat ranged from 10 to 100 in 10% increments by varying amounts of spinosad-treated and untreated wheat to form a total of 50 g. Mortality of introduced R. dominica adults was determined after 1, 3, 5, and 7 d. In the kernel dipping method, there was an inverse relationship between lethal times for 50 and 95% mortality of R. dominica adults and percentage of kernels treated. In the admixture method, adult mortality increased with an increase in spinosad rate, exposure time, and percentage of kernels treated. The liquid formulation was more effective against R. dominica than the dry formulation. At the labeled rate of 1 mg (a.i.) kgˉ¹, treating 20 to 90% of the kernels with liquid or dry formulation of spinosad was as good as treating 100% of the kernels in controlling R. dominica adults within 3 to 5 d. In practical situations where uneven distribution of spinosad on kernels is expected, complete control of R. dominica adults can be achieved if more than 50% of the kernels receive spinosad treatment

METODOLOGIA DA PESQUISA-AÇÃO COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE TEORIA E PRÁTICA

Pode-se dizer que, em decorrência da complexidade e das crescentes alterações no mercado de trabalho, cada vez mais, novos tipos de profissionais, com diferentes experiências e conhecimentos são exigidos para compor a força de trabalho das empresas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou descrever: (a) a percepção de graduandos em relação ao estágio/iniciação científica em sua formação; e (b) a percepção de discentes que desenvolveram uma pesquisa-ação. Para tanto, foram realizadas duas etapas de pesquisa: (1) a realização de entrevistas e observação direta não-participante com discentes que participaram de uma pesquisa-ação; e (2) a aplicação de questionários a discentes de diferentes cursos de graduação. Verificou-se que, utilizando-se a estratégia de pesquisa-ação na pesquisa, cria-se um grande potencial para a formação de conhecimento. No caso da pesquisa realizada sobre a percepção dos discentes em relação aos programas de estágio e de pesquisa, aponta-se que os discentes, em geral, acreditam que programas de estágio e de iniciação científica são importantes para a sua vida acadêmica e profissional. Conclui-se que atividades extracurriculares, tais como a iniciação científica e o estágio supervisionado, são muito importantes para a formação profissional dos graduandos

Développement d’un serveur LSP pour Typer

Programmer en un langage de programmation peut être une tâche ardue. Même les plus chevronnés ne sont pas à l’abri de commettre des erreurs. Il est donc important pour les programmeurs d’avoir des aides pour écrire leur code plus efficacement et plus rapidement. Typer est un jeune langage de programmation en développement. Actuellement, le langage a beaucoup de limitations d’aides pour les programmeurs. En effet, on ne peut coder en Typer que dans un terminal, dans un fichier et compiler le fichier ou dans des environnements primitifs. On apporte une solution à ce problème en offrant, dans ce travail, un serveur LSP au langage qui va offrir des fonctionnalités comme la complétion de code, le surlignement des erreurs, etc, pour permettre aux programmeurs Typer de coder plus facilement et de pouvoir le faire dans leur éditeur/IDE préféré.Programming in a programming language can be a daunting task. Even the most seasoned are not immune to make mistakes. It is therefore important for programmers to have helpers to write their code more efficiently and quickly. Typer is a young programming language in development. Currently, the language has a lot of helper limitations for programmers. Indeed, we can code in Typer only in a terminal, in a file and compile the file or in primitive environments. We solve this problem by offering in this work, an LSP server to the language which will offer features such as code completion, error highlighting...etc, to allow Typer programmers to code more easily and efficiently, and also, to be able to do it in their favorite editor/IDE

O ENTRE-LUGAR REPRESENTADO NA OBRA CALL ME MARÍA, DE JUDITH ORTIZ COFER

A abordagem de uma literatura influenciada pela experiência migratória evidencia não somente identidades construídas em trânsito, mas também o fato de que durante o processo de (re) construção identitária surge um novo espaço, motivado pelas diferenças culturais e que serve de estímulo para produções artísticas, inclusive na Literatura. No âmbito da crítica literária, este espaço recebe denominações como “terceiro espaço” (BHABHA, 1998) e “entre-lugar” (SANTIAGO, 1978, 2000; BHABHA, 1998). A partir desta prospectiva, propõe-se a leitura da obra Call me María, de Judith Ortiz Cofer, uma literatura produzida nesse espaço, caracterizada, principalmente, pela (re) construção identitária da protagonista, mas que também enfatiza a rememoração, um tema muito explorado quando se trata da Literatura de Migração

FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF TOLTERIDONE TARTARATE SOLID DISPERSIONS USING DIFFERENT POLYMERS

The oral route of drug administration is the most common and preferred method of delivery due to convenience and ease of ingestion but it is problematic if the drug is poorly soluble or poor membrane penetrability. Although salt formation, solublization, particle size reduction have commonly used to increase dissolution rate and thereby oral absorption and bioavailability of low water soluble drugs there is practical limitation to these techniques. Among numerous ways of enhancing drug dissolution solid dispersion of drug in a water soluble polymer is one of the promising technique. Solid dispersion (SD) is defined as the dispersion of one or more active ingredients in inert carriers at solid state prepared by fusion, solvent or solvent fusion methods.The study was aimed to formulate solid dispersion tablet of Terbinafine Hydrochloride by using carriers polyethylene glycol 6000 (by melting method) and maltodextrin,urea in the drug carrier ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized for their drug content, thermal studies, infrared spectral studies, aqueous solubility studiesand %yield.. From the results, it was clear that solid dispersion formulation showed improved dissolution rate compared to pure drug and physical mixture. Keywords: Soliddispersion,infrared studies,tolteridone tartarate,maltodextrin,urea,PEG6000